| BRAC Pub |
BRAC at Fort Belvoir: 1988 - 2011. The history of Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) at Fort Belvoir, which ran from 1988 through 2011. Includes not only the on-post story of planning, implementation and construction; but also provides an examination of all the political considerations and interaction among local leaders, the media and the surrounding communities.This important story provides many lessons learned for all concerned. By Gustav Person, Ft. Belvoir Installation Historian. Published by Global Printing Company, Alexandria, Virginia, 2012. |
| EP 870-1-1 |
Historical Vignettes - Volume 2. The anecdotes in this volume provide brief but significant glimpses of the history and traditions that are the proud heritage of all members of the Corps of Engineers, military and civilian. |
| EP 870-1-2 |
Engineer Historical Studies Number One (Journal of the Kearny Expedition of 1845) |
| EP 870-1-5 |
Engineer Memoirs - Lieutenant General Fredrick J. Clarke. Follow LTG Clarke's distinguished military and civilian engineering career as it spans four decades to include service in World War II, conflicts in Korea and Vietnam, and several demanding executive assignments. |
| EP 870-1-6 |
Engineers of Independence - A Documentary History of the Army Engineers in the American Revolution, 1775-1783. This collection of documents, including many previously unpublished, details the role of the Army engineers in the American Revolution. Lacking trained military engineers, the Americans relied heavily on foreign officers, mostly from France, for sorely-needed technical assistance. Native Americans joined the foreign engineer officers to plan and carry out offensive and defensive operations, direct the erection of fortifications, map vital terrain, and lay out encampments. |
| EP 870-1-7 |
Engineer Historical Studies No. 2--Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouveneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota, in the Years 1855-'56-'57. This is the second publication in the new series of Corps of Engineers Historical Studies. Like the first, it features the report of an Engineer explorer. Unlike its predecessor, it reproduces a once-published narrative, one that frontiersmen heading into the Dakota country to pan for gold used as a guidebook. Warren's report captures for all time the northern plains at an early stage of settlement. It also illuminates the role of the Corps of Engineers in westward expansion. |
| EP 870-1-8 |
Engineer Memoirs - Lieutenant General Walter K. Wilson, Jr. LTG Wilson's distinguished career spanned both civil works and military construction. He was Deputy Chief of Engineers for Construction when the Corps became heavily involved in projects supporting ballistic missile and space programs. After commanding the Engineer Center and Fort Belvoir he was selected as 40th Chief of Engineers by President John F. Kennedy. |
| EP 870-1-10 |
Shaping Environmental Awareness: The United States Army Corps of Engineers Environmental Advisory Board, 1970-1980. This monograph, the first in the Corps' Environmental History Series, transcends the immediate topic, for, in telling the history of the Environmental Advisory Board, the author relates some of the policy struggles within the Corps that the Board's recommendations often generated. This study forms part of the story of one of the most dynamic and introspective periods in Corps history. |
| EP 870-1-11 |
Engineer Profiles - The District Engineer Interviews with Colonel William W. Badger |
| EP 870-1-12 |
Engineer Memoirs: Major General William E. Potter |
| EP 870-1-13 |
Financing Water Resources Development - A Brief History. By reading this history, one will gain a better appreciation for the social, political, economic, and technological forces that helped to determine the past evolution of Federal water policy. |
| EP 870-1-14 |
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Environmental Issues in The Twentieth Century - A Bibliography |
| EP 870-1-16 |
"Dear Friends at Home . . ." The Letters and Diary of Thomas James Owen, Fiftieth New York Volunteer Engineer Regiment, During the Civil War. |
| EP 870-1-18 |
Engineer-Memoirs - Major General Hugh J. Casey. This volume is an edited version of the tape-recorded interview with MG Casey at his summer home in Bradford, Vermont, from 25 to 29 September 1979. Before his death on 30 August 1981, MG Casey reviewed and revised the entire transcript of the interview. |
| EP 870-1-19 |
The Corps, the Environment, and the Upper Mississippi River Basin |
| EP 870-1-20 |
From the Atlantic to the Great Lakes - A History of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the St. Lawrence Seaway. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers planned and supervised the construction of the United States' section of the St. Lawrence Seaway. The project was both a massive engineering effort and an unusually complicated exercise in intergovernmental cooperation. |
| EP 870-1-21 |
"To the Immortal Name and Memory of George Washington," The United Stated Army Corps of Engineers and the Construction of the Washington Monument. At a ceremony on 21 February 1885, President Chester Arthur dedicated the newly-completed Washington Monument. More than a century later the white shaft remains the most distinctive feature of the capital city's skyline. The monument was many years in the making. Disputes over design, difficulties in raising funds, and the construction itself all added years to the process. The delays ended when a small civilian- military team from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, led by Col. Thomas L. Casey, took over construction management. |
| EP 870-1-22 |
Engineer Historical Studies, Series No. 3 - Exploring Nature's Sanctuary: Captain William Ludlow's Report of a Reconnaissance from Carroll, Montana Territory, on the Upper Missouri to the Yellowstone National Park, and Return Made in the Summer of 1875. |
| EP 870-1-24 |
Water Resources - An Interview with William R. Gianelli |
| EP 870-1-25 |
Engineer Memoirs - General William M. Hoge. General Hoge had a varied and distinguished career during World War II. He built the Alaska Highway in 1942 and commanded the Provisional Engineer Special Brigade Group during the initial landing of American troops on OMAHA Beach, Normandy, on 6 June 1944. |
| EP 870-1-26 |
Engineer Memoirs: Lieutenant General Arthur G. Trudeau |
| EP 870-1-29 |
The Evolution of the 1936 Flood Control Act. Read how Congress passed the 1936 Flood Control Act that authorized the Corps to handle hundreds of flood control projects and established policies that continue to this day. |
| EP 870-1-31 |
Building Air Bases in the Negev - The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in Israel, 1979-1982 |
| EP 870-1-32 |
Bridging the Imjin: Construction of Libby and Teal Bridges during the Korean War (October 1952-July 1953). Reexamine how our predecessors overcame the engineering challenges posed by the rugged and unforgiving environment in which the Korean War was fought. |
| EP 870-1-35 |
Water Resources People and Issues; Interview with Professor Arthur Maass. This interview and accompanying articles provide an overview of Professor Maass's thoughts and insights into his ideas on water management for the Corps and other water agencies, both federal and civilian. |
| EP 870-1-36 |
Register of the Arthur Maass Papers. Arthur Maass is one of the major figures in the development of water policies and planning procedures in the post-World War II era. He was an early critic of Corps of Engineers planning procedures, as evidenced in his well-known book Muddy Waters. |
| EP 870-1-37 |
The Nation Builders - A Sesquicentennial History of the Corps of Topographical Engineers, 1838-1863. This book marks an important anniversary in the history of our development as a nation. In 1838 Congress established the Corps of Topographical Engineers, an organization whose main purpose was the peacetime fostering of economic growth and national cohesion. This small dedicated group of officers contributed to the development of many aspects of the national transportation network--railroads, highways, and inland waterways. |
| EP 870-1-38 |
Holding the Line: The 51st Engineer Combat Battalion and the Battle of the Bulge, December 1944-January 1945. This volume, another in a series of Studies in Military Engineering, describes the successful defensive operations during a period in the Battle of the Bulge. |
| EP 870-1-39 |
Engineers and Irrigation: Report on the Board of Commissioners on the Irrigation of the San Joaquin, Tulare, and Sacramento Valleys of the State of California, 1873. Engineer Historical Study Number 5. This report is the fifth in the series of Engineer Historical Studies. The series provides primary source materials that shed significant light on the history of the Army Corps of Engineers. More than that, the materials are part of our nation's history, because they suggest the diverse ways in which the Corps has contributed to national development. |
| EP 870-1-40 |
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Natural Resources Management on Army Installations, 1941-1987. This study shows the evolution of the Army Corps of Engineers' responsibilities for the natural environment on Army bases. Reflecting both wartime urgencies and peacetime concerns, The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Natural Resources Management on Army Installations, 1941-1987 is a comprehensive overview of the problems the Corps' natural resources managers faced on Army bases both domestic and overseas during those years. |
| EP 870-1-41 |
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Response to the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. The Exxon Valdez oil spill was the largest and most destructive in United States history. In the wake of this disaster, the Army Corps of Engineers joined the team headed by the United States Coast Guard to mount a massive cleanup effort. This was the first time the Corps and the Coast Guard had worked together on such a grand scale, and the results were dramatic. |
| EP 870-1-42 |
Builders and Fighters - U.S. Army Engineers in World War II. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers played an important part in winning World War II. Its work included building and repairing roads, bridges, and airfields; laying and clearing minefields; establishing and destroying obstacles; constructing training camps and other support facilities; building the Pentagon; and providing facilities for the development of the atomic bomb. |
| EP 870-1-43 |
Water Resources: People & Issues - Gilbert T. White. Few people have influenced water resources planning more than Gilbert White. Within the Corps, his impact is reflected in the Flood Plain Information Services Program, which has been in existence for more than 30 years. |
| EP 870-1-44 |
Response to the Loma Prieta Earthquake |
| EP 870-1-45 |
The History of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This short, illustrated history of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provides an overview of the many missions that engineers have performed in support of the Army and the nation since the early days of the American Revolution. A permanent institution since 1802, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has effectively and proudly responded to changing defense requirements and has played an integral part in the development of the nation. This publication has been superceded by EP 870-1-68 - The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: A History. |
| EP 870-1-47 |
Combat and Construction: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in World War I. Initially, the United States was not involved when the great war broke out in Europe in the summer of 1914. Not until 1917 did this country determine that its vital national interests were at stake in the conflict. America then committed its powerful human and technological resources to support the West European democracies engaged in the struggle. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers were essential to this effort--engineers fought on the front lines and constructed facilities needed to transport and supply American troops. This booklet honors the contributions of these engineers who fought to protect democracy and restore peace. |
| EP 870-1-49 |
Engineer Memoirs - Lieutenant General Edward L. Rowny. In this memoir, read how LTG Rowny's vast and impressive military career included being part of the first unit to go overseas in WWII; how he helped draw up plans for the Inchon Invasion during the Korean War; and how he worked on nation-building concepts in Vietnam. He also served as deputy chairman for the NATO military committee. Later, President Reagan appointed him as ambassador for the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (START) and special advisor to the president and secretary of state for arms control matters. |
| EP 870-1-50 |
Supporting the Troops - The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the Persian Gulf War. This publication provides an overview of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' missions during Operations Desert Shield/Storm. As the Department of Defense's contract construction agent for the Kuwait theater, the Corps prepared and administered contracts for construction and construction design and leased real estate. Later in the operation, the Corps administered many contracts for the Saudi Arabian government under host nation support and a large contract for the Japanese government. Corps labs also provided technologies that enabled U.S. forces to function more effectively on the battlefield. |
| EP 870-1-51 |
U.S. Army Engineers in Hawaii: An Inventory of Records before 1948 |
| EP 870-1-52 |
Engineer Memoirs - Lieutenant General Ernest Graves. LTG Graves had a distinguished career in the U.S. Army. He was Deputy Chief of Engineers and served a three-year tenure as Director of the Defense Security Assistance Agency. |
| EP 870-1-54 |
Water Resources: Hydraulics and Hydrology - Franklin F. Snyder. This interview is one of many in a special series covering engineers who shaped the Corps' hydrology and hydraulics program. Understanding the experiences, contributions, and thoughts of these individuals illuminates the past and provides guidance for the future. |
| EP 870-1-55 |
Water Resources: Hydraulics and Hydrology - Vernon K. Hagen. This interview is one of many in a special series covering engineers who shaped the Corps' hydrology and hydraulics program. Understanding the experiences, contributions, and thoughts of these individuals illuminates the past and provides guidance for the future. |
| EP 870-1-56 |
Water Resources: Hydraulics and Hydrology - Jacob H. Douma. This interview is one of many in a special series covering engineers who shaped the Corps' hydrology and hydraulics program. Understanding the experiences, contributions, and thoughts of these individuals illuminates the past and provides guidance for the future. |
| EP 870-1-57 |
Defending America's Coasts, 1775 - 1950: A Bibliography. Defending American cities was a high priority for both Congress and the armed forces. The current and former military sites that dot the coasts of the U.S. are the legacy of that military policy. This bibliography compiles information about our coast defenses for interested researchers. |
| EP 870-1-58 |
After Desert Storm: The U.S. Army and the Reconstruction of Kuwait. Not since World War II have U.S. soldiers and civilians played as large a role in rebuilding a foreign nation as they did in Kuwait after the Gulf War. After Desert Storm tells the compelling story of how the U.S. Army helped to bring a proud but battered country back to life. Our soldiers found themselves performing such diverse roles as repairing police cars, rebuilding damaged power systems, restoring the water supply, and feeding abandoned zoo animals. In the process they touched the lives of every Kuwaiti resident, forging bonds of trust and contributing immeasurably to stability in the region. |
| EP 870-1-59 |
Engineer Memoirs: Lieutenant General Carroll H. Dunn. LTG Dunn had a distinguished career in the U.S. Army, which culminated with his two-year tenure as the director of the Defense Nuclear Agency. Among other duties, he also commanded the 105th Engineer Combat Battalion in the European Theater during WWII and was the executive to the Chief of Engineers. His last assignment with the Corps was as Deputy Chief of Engineers. |
| EP 870-1-60 |
Water Resources: Hydraulics and Hydrology - Margaret S. Peterson. This interview is one of many in a special series covering engineers who shaped the Corps' hydrology and hydraulics program. Understanding the experiences, contributions, and thoughts of these individuals illuminates the past and provides guidance for the future. |
| EP 870-1-61 |
Water Resources: People and Issues - Theodore M. Shad. This interview is one of many in a special series covering engineers who shaped the Corps' hydrology and hydraulics program. Understanding the experiences, contributions, and thoughts of these individuals illuminates the past and provides guidance for the future. |
| EP 870-1-62 |
Water Resources: Hydraulics and Hydrology - Interview with Alfred S. Harrison |
| EP 870-1-63 |
Engineer Memoirs - Lieutenant General John W. Morris. LTG Morris's distinguished career in the U.S. Army includes him serving as District Engineer in Tulsa, Division Engineer of the Missouri River Division, and Director of Civil Works and Deputy Chief of Engineers in Corps headquarters. LTG Morris also was Chief of Engineers when the Corps became a major command. |
| EP 870-1-64 |
Environmental Cleanup at Former and Current Military Sites: A Guide to Research. In the past, ordnance, explosives, and chemical warfare materials often created environmental hazards at former and current military sites. Studying the history of these sites is the first step to assuring a thorough and cost-effective cleanup. This research guide is intended to help environmental researchers navigate the archival maze of federal records and federal records repositories. |
| EP 870-1-65 |
Engineer Memoirs - Major General Richard S. Kem. MG Kem had a distinguished career in the U.S. Army, which culminated with his tenure as Deputy Chief of Engineers and Deputy Commanding General of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. He also served as a battalion commander in South Vietnam, a group commander in Europe, commander of the Ohio River Division, Commanding General of the U.S. Army Engineer Center and Fort Belvoir, Commandant of the U.S. Army Engineer School, Deputy Chief of Staff, Engineer, and Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army, Europe. |
| EP 870-1-66 |
Remembering the "Forgotten War"--U.S. Army Engineer Officers in Korea. Engineers performed many roles during the Korean war. They destroyed bridges and vital facilities to impede the enemy's advance, and after UN forces withdrew to Pusan, helped build a defensive line enabling the beleaguered defenders to hang on. They also fought as infantry. Engineers built and maintained roads, constructed bridges, operated ferries, rebuilt ports, and unloaded cargo. This book contains excerpts drawn from the oral history interviews of twenty-six engineer officers and includes a wealth of images and maps. |
| EP 870-1-67 |
Capital Engineers: The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the Development of Washington, D.C., 1790-2004. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is best known for its water resources and environmental work and its construction of facilities on military bases; however, in its long history the Corps has performed many other missions, such as the critical role in the development of Washington , D.C. The purpose of this book is to bring to the public’s awareness the depth of the Corps’ involvement in the design, development, construction, and maintenance of our Nation’s capital by chronicling its history and showcasing rare images, maps, and drawings. Select chapters discuss the Corps’ involvement in designing and constructing the still-existing water supply system; designing and constructing military forts to protect the Nation’s capital from attack; refurbishing and expanding the U.S. Capitol; completing the Washington Monument; constructing many large buildings including the Pentagon and Library of Congress; designing and constructing roadways, major bridges, Washington National Airport, and the many monuments; refurbishing the White House; designing and maintaining the many parks; and planning highways; to name a few. |
| EP 870-1-68 |
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: A History. This illustrated history of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provides an overview of many of the missions that engineers have performed in support of the U.S. Army and the Nation since the early days of the American Revolution. A permanent institution since 1802, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has effectively and proudly responded to changing defense requirements and has played an integral part in the development of the Nation. |
| EP 870-1-69 |
Nothing But Praise: A History of the 1321st General Service Regiment. Winner of the 2010 Blue Pencil Award for most outstanding government publication, this book tells the story of the 1321st Engineers during World War II from the regiment’s 1943 activation in the U.S., through its deployment in Europe, to its deactivation in Korea. |
| EP 870-1-70 |
Situation Desperate: U.S. Army Engineer Disaster Relief Operations, Origins to 1950. Traces the federal program from its tentative beginnings in the 19th century to the enactment of a permanent federal policy on disaster assistance in 1950. Explains how the Engineers came to acquire that mission during the great Mississippi River flood of 1882. Describes the development of the Corps' statutory authorities and the Army's regulations for emergency operations. Tells the stories of Corps and Army Engineer operations during various calamities.
|
EP 870-1-71 /
CMH 45-1-1 |
Building for Peace, U.S. Army Engineers in Europe, 1945-1991. This publication traces the activities of the American military engineers in Europe from the construction that began immediately after the end of the war in 1945, through the increase in construction necessitated by the buildup of American troops during the Cold War, to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. |
|
EP 870-1-72 /
CMH 45-2-1
|
Bricks, Sand, and Marble: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Construction in the Mediterranean and Middle East, 1947-1991. This book traces the Cold War activities of the Corps throughout the Mediterranean and Middle East, from reconstruction in Greece through the establishment of military facilities in North Africa and Italy, the provision of infrastructure for the armed forces in south Asia, the massive building program in Saudi Arabia, civic projects in Africa, and support for the liberation of Kuwait in 1991. This history has become even more important today because it provides the background for understanding the present role and position of the U.S. in the Middle East.
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| EP 870-1-73 |
Forthcoming |
| IWR Publication |
Two Centuries of Experience in Water Resources Management: A Dutch-U.S. Retrospective
For over two centuries, the Netherlands and the United States pursued different paths for managing periodic floods and droughts, navigable waterways, coasts, and environments. That accumulated experience represents a rich record of technological achievement and innovation, and recently representatives from each public works organization – the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat (RWS) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) – recognized the need for collaboration on water management topics. As the partnership evolved, it became clear that understanding the similarities and differences in backgrounds, institutional organizations, and water management development would facilitate the exchanges of ideas and expertise between the two nations. The RWS and USACE reached a formal agreement in 2004, and this study is one result. This comparative history explores how the evolution of Dutch and American experiences shaped their respective approaches to hydraulic engineering, flood management, navigation, building with nature, and urban development.
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| EP 870-1-74 |
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the District of Columbia.
A brief illustrated overview of the history of the Corps' work in our nation's capital presented in a brochure format. |
| 91-PS-1 |
Reshaping National Water Politics: The Emergence of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986. In March 1987, then Assistant Secretary of the Army, Civil Works, suggested that a history be written on the evolution of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986. This comprehensive history focuses on the legislative evolution of one act, and provides an overview of the development of federal water resources policy.
Please note: This publication was written for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Institute for Water Resources, IWR Policy Study 91-PS-1 |
| NWS-79-S1 |
History of the Commercial Waterways & Ports of the United States: Volume I From Settlement to Completion of the Erie Canal. |
| NWS-80-S1 |
The United States Waterways and Ports: A Chronology Volume I 1541-1871. |
| NWS-83-9 |
History of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. This pamphlet is one of a series on the history of navigation done as part of the National Waterways Study, authorized by Congress in Public Law 94-587. The National Waterways Study is an intensive review by the Corps of Engineers' Institute for Water Resources of past, present, and future needs and capabilities of the United States water transportation network. The Historical Division of the Office of the Chief of Engineers supervised the development of this pamphlet, which is designed to present a succinct overview of the subject area.
Please note: This publication was written for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Institute for Water Resources |
| NWS-83-10 |
History of the Waterways of the Atlantic Coast of the United States. This pamphlet is one of a series on the history of navigation done as part of the National Waterways Study, authorized by Congress in Public Law 94-587. The National Waterways Study is an intensive review by the Corps of Engineers' Institute for Water Resources of past, present, and future needs and capabilities of the United States water transportation network. The Historical Division of the Office of the Chief of Engineers supervised the development of this pamphlet, which is designed to present a succinct overview of the subject area.
Please note: This publication was written for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Institute for Water Resources |
| CMH Pub 70-10 |
From the Golden Gate to Mexico City - The U.S. Army Topographical Engineers in the Mexican War, 1846-1848. This publication analyzes and explains the role of the U.S. Army Topographical Engineer Corps in the war with Mexico, commencing with the activities of the Topographical Engineers in 1845 and tracing their evolution from a scientific, mapping, and construction agency of the federal government to their active participation in the war.
Please note: This publication is a co-imprint with the Center for Military History |
| CMH Pub 90-06 |
Base Development in South Vietnam, 1965-1970. This monograph in the U.S. Army Center of Military History's Vietnam Sutdies Series (first printed in 1972) is drawn primarily from official records and was designed to provide a quick assessment of the Vietnam experience before more detailed historical analysis could be completed. The author, LTG (Ret) Carroll H. Dunn, now deceased, served in Vietnam in 1966-67 as Director of Construction for the U.S. Military Assistance Command and Assistant Chief of Staff for Logistics. This volume covers real estate and land acquisition; planning; base and facilities construction; facilities engineering; road programs; construction logistics; and lessons learned. |
| CMH Pub 90-22 |
U.S. Army Engineers, 1965-1970. This monograph in the U.S. Army Center of Military History's Vietnam Studies Series, was written by MG (Ret) Robert R. Ploger, now deceased. General Ploger served as the senior engineer commander in Vietnam, 1965-67. Focusing only on the years before 1970, this volume covers preparations, early operations, organization, deployment, mobilization, the lines of communication program, tactical operations, sustaining support and phase-down, and an evaluation. Extensive maps, charts, and illustrations, as well as appendices on such topics as real estate, engineer units and functions, engineer objectives and standards, and construction standards for troop cantonments round out the volume. |
| UN-16 |
The District: A History of the Philadelphia District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1866-1971. |
| UN-18 |
The Corps Responds: A History of the Susquehanna Engineer District and Tropical Storm Agnes. |
| UN-19 |
A History of the U.S. Army Engineer Studies Center, 1943-1982. |
| UN-20 |
United States Army in World War II - The Corps of Engineers: Construction in the United States. |
| UN-21 |
United States Army in World War II - The Corps of Engineers: Troops and Equipment. |
| UN-25 |
Vital Currents in America's Heartland: A History of the North Central Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1867-1997. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has been at work in the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi Valley region almost since the Corps’ founding. This history of the Corps' North Central Division describes and analyzes the water resources development work of the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Army engineers in the Great Lakes region. It also briefly examines the predecessor divisions that oversaw the projects carried out by Corps’ districts as they improved the region’s rivers and harbors. Its focus is on the important aspects of the water resources activities carried out by the NCD from its establishment in 1954 until its closure in 1997. |