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U.S. Carbon Cycle Science  Program
Updated 15 September 2005

Technology Options 2005
Table of Contents

 

 

 

 

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U.S. Climate Change Technology Program: Technology Options for the Near and Long Term [Full report, PDF, 6.8 Mb]. A compendium (dated September 2005) of technology profiles and ongoing research and development at participating Federal agencies. (posted 15 September 2005).  See table below for links to individual sections (in PDF format).

Note: All links are to PDF files.

page no.

 1.0 REDUCING EMISSIONS FROM ENERGY END USE AND INFRASTRUCTURE

1.1 Transportation

1.1.1

Light Vehicles – Hybrid, Fuel Cell, and Alternative-Fuel Vehicles

1.1-1

1.1.2

Heavy Vehicles

1.1-5

1.1.3

Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines

1.1-8

1.1.4

Intelligent Transportation Systems Infrastructure

1.1-11

1.1.5

Aviation

1.1-14

1.1.6

Transit Buses – Urban-Duty Cycle, Heavy Vehicles

1.1-17

1.2    Buildings

1.2.1

Building Equipment, Appliances, and Lighting

1.2-1

1.2.2

Building Envelope (Insulation, Walls, Roof)

1.2-3

1.2.3

Whole Building Integration

1.2-6

1.2.4

Urban Heat Island Technologies

1.2-9

1.3    Infrastructure

1.3.1

High-Temperature Superconductivity

1.3-1

1.3.2

Transmission and Distribution Technologies

1.3-4

1.3.3

Distributed Generation and Combined Heat and Power

1.3-6

1.3.4

Energy Storage

1.3-9

1.3.5

Sensors, Controls, and Communications

1.3-12

1.3.6

Power Electronics

1.3-15

1.4    Industry

1.4.1

Energy Conversion and Utilization

1.4-1

1.4.2

Resource Recovery and Utilization

1.4-4

1.4.3

Industrial Process Efficiency

1.4-7

1.4.4

Enabling Technologies for Industrial Processes

1.4-10

2.0 REDUCING EMISSIONS FROM ENERGY SUPPLY

2.1    Low Emissions Fossil-Based Fuels and Power

2.1.1

Coproduction / Hydrogen

2.1-1

2.1.2

Advanced Power Systems

2.1-4

2.1.3

Distributed Generation / Fuel Cells

2.1-7

2.2    Hydrogen

2.2.1

Hydrogen Production From Nuclear Fission and Fusion

2.2-1

2.2.2

Hydrogen Systems Technology Validation

2.2-3

2.2.3

Hydrogen Production and Distribution Using Electricity and Fossil/Alternative Energy

2.2-7

2.2.4

Hydrogen Storage

2.2-10

2.2.5

Hydrogen Use

2.2-13

2.2.6

Hydrogen Infrastructure Safety

2.2-16

2.3   Renewable Energy and Fuels

2.3.1

Wind Energy

2.3-1

2.3.2

Solar Photovoltaic Power

2.3-4

2.3.3

Solar Heating and Lighting

2.3-7

2.3.4

Concentrating Solar Power

2.3-9

2.3.5

Biochemical Conversion of Biomass

2.3-11

2.3.6

Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass

2.3-14

2.3.7

Biomass Residues

2.3-17

2.3.8

Energy Crops

2.3-19

2.3.9

Photoconversion

2.3-21

2.3.10

Advanced Hydropower

2.3-24

2.3.11

Geothermal Energy

2.3-26

2.4    Nuclear Fission

2.4.1

Research Under the Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative

2.4-1

2.4.2

Research on Nuclear Power Plant Technologies for Near-Term Deployment

2.4-3

2.4.3

Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative

2.4-5

2.5    Nuclear Fusion

2.5.1

Fusion Energy

2.5-1

3.0 CAPTURING AND SEQUESTERING CARBON DIOXIDE

3.1    Geologic Sequestration

3.1.1

CO 2 Capture and Separation

3.1-1

3.1.2

CO 2 Storage in Geologic Formations

3.1-3

3.1.3

Novel Sequestration Systems

3.1-6

3.2    Terrestrial Sequestration

3.2.1

Land Management

3.2-1

3.2.1.1

Cropland Management and Precision Agriculture

3.2-1

3.2.1.2

Converting Croplands to Reserves and Buffers

3.2-3

3.2.1.3

Advanced Forest and Wood Products Management

3.2-4

3.2.1.4

Grazing Management

3.2-7

3.2.1.5

Restoration of Degraded Rangelands

3.2-9

3.2.1.6

Wetland Restoration, Management, and Carbon Sequestration

3.2-11

3.2.1.7

Carbon Sequestration on Reclaimed Mined Lands

3.2-13

3.2.2

Biotechnology

3.2-15

3.2.2.1

Biotechnology and Soil Carbon

3.2-15

3.2.3

Improved Measurement and Monitoring

3.2-17

3.2.3.1

Terrestrial Sensors, Measurements, and Modeling

3.2-17

3.2.3.2

Measuring and Monitoring Systems for Forests

3.2-19

3.3    Ocean Sequestration

3.3.1

Ocean Sequestration - Direct Injection

3.3-1

3.3.2

Ocean Sequestration - Iron Fertilization

3.3-3

4.0 REDUCING POTENTIAL FOR CLIMATE EFFECTS OF NON-CO2 GREENHOUSE GASES

4.1   Methane Emissions from Energy and Waste

4.1.1

Anaerobic and Aerobic Bioreactor Landfills

4.1-1

4.1.2

Conversion of Landfill Gas to Alternative Uses

4.1-4

4.1.3

Electricity Generation Technologies for Landfill Gas

4.1-7

4.1.4

Advances in Coal Mine Ventilation Air Systems

4.1-10

4.1.5

Advances in Coal Mine Methane Recovery Systems

4.1-13

4.1.6

Measurement and Monitoring Technology for Natural Gas Systems

4.1-16

4.2    Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agriculture

4.2.1

Advanced Agricultural Systems for N 2O Emission Reduction

4.2-1

4.2.2

Methane Reduction Options for Manure Management

4.2-4

4.2.3

Advanced Agricultural Systems for Enteric Emissions Reduction

4.2-7

4.3    Emissions of High Global-Warming Potential Gases

4.3.1

Semiconductor Industry:   Abatement Technologies

4.3-1

4.3.2

Semiconductor Industry:   Substitutes for High GWP Gases

4.3-4

4.3.3

Semiconductors and Magnesium:   Recovery and Recycle

4.3-6

4.3.4

Aluminum Industry:   Perfluorocarbon Emissions

4.3-8

4.3.5

Electric Power Systems and Magnesium:   Substitutes for SF 6

4.3-10

4.3.6

Supermarket Refrigeration:   Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions

4.3-13

4.4    Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Combustion and Industrial Sources

4.4.1

Nitrous Oxide Abatement Technologies for Nitric Acid Production

4.4-1

4.4.2

Nitrous Oxide Abatement Technologies for Transportation

4.4-3

4.5    Emissions of Tropospheric Ozone Precursors and Black Carbon

4.5.1

Abatement Technologies for Emissions of Tropospheric Ozone Precursors and Black Carbon

4.5-1

5.0 ENHANCING CAPABILITIES TO MEASURE AND MONITOR EMISSIONS

5.1

Hierarchical MM Observation System

5-1

5.2

MM for Energy Efficiency

5-4

5.3

MM for Geologic Carbon Sequestration

5-6

5.4

MM for Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration

5-9

5.5

MM for Ocean Carbon Sequestration

5-11

5.6

MM for Other GHG

5-13

 


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