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Federal Reserve Human Capital Compendium

Updated September 28, 2012

This repository provides access to research published since 2008 by the Board of Governors and all 12 Federal Reserve Banks on topics related to employment, unemployment, and workforce development. Our aim is to make this resource a vital tool for researchers, students, and all those interested in the economics of labor markets and workforce development. Subscribe to our RSSRSS feed for the latest updates.

Recently Added

The Future of Workforce Development. Speech by President Dennis P. Lockhart to the Workforce Development Conference, Kansas City, Mo. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, September 20, 2012.

Maximum Employment and Monetary Policy. Speech by President Jeffrey M. Lacker to the Money Marketeers of New York University, New York, N.Y. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, September 18, 2012.

How Positive Are Recent Employment and Labor Market Trends? Anderson, Richard G. Economic Synopses 25. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, September 14, 2012.

Delaying Enrollment and College Completion. James, Jonathan. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, September 4, 2012.

Moving Skills from Low to High. Acero, Jorge A. Communities & Banking. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Fall 2012.

Labor Markets

Labor supply

The Great Recession’s Impact on Hours Worked and Employment. Aliprantis, Dionissi. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, August 29, 2012.

Where Have All the Workers Gone? Romero, Jessie. Region Focus. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Second/Third Quarter 2012.

Relative Pay and Labor Supply. Bracha, Anat, and Uri Gneezy. Working Paper 12-6. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, July 10, 2012.

10 Things to Know about the Shape of Ohio's Skilled Workforce. Dunne, Timothy, and Guhan Venkatu. Economic Commentary. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, May 15, 2012.

Recession's Impact on the Workforce. EconSouth Now podcast series, Nicole Smith with Tom Heintjes. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 2012.

Lifetime Labor Supply and Human Capital Investment. Manuelli, Rodolfo E., Ananth Seshardi, and Yongseok Shin. Working Paper 2012-004A. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, February 2012.

Local Government Employment in Ohio, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and West Virginia. Whitaker, Stephen. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, November 2, 2011.

Polarization, Immigration, Education: What's behind the Dramatic Decline in Youth Employment? Smith, Christopher L. Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2011-41. Federal Reserve Board, October 2011.

Accounting for the Non-Employment of U.S. Men, 1968–2010. Kudlyak, Marianna, Thomas Lubik, and Jonathan Tompkins. Economic Quarterly 97, no. 4. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Fourth Quarter 2011.

Declining Labor Turnover and Turbulence. Fujita, Shigerua. Working Paper 11-44. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, September 2011.

The Collapse of the Labor Market for 16- to 24-Year-Olds. Fogg, Neeta P., and Paul E. Harrington. Cascade. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Fall 2011.

The Labor Force: To Work or Not to Work. Hartley, Daniel. Forefront. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Fall 2011.

Labor Markets and Monetary Policy. Kocherlakota, Narayana. 2010 Annual Report essay. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, August 2, 2011.

The Effect of Disability Insurance Receipt on Labor Supply. French, Eric, and Jae Song. Working Paper 2009-05. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, revised July 1, 2011.

Aggregate Labor Supply. Wallenius, Johanna, and Edward C. Prescott. Research Department Staff Report 457. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, June 2011.

To Work or Not to Work: The Economics of a Mother's Dilemma. Hotchkiss, Julie L., M. Melinda Pitts, and Mary Beth Walker. Working Paper 2011-2. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 2011.

How Do Sudden Large Losses in Wealth Affect Labor Force Participation? Benson, David, and Eric French. Chicago Fed Letter 282. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, January 2011.

Mismatch in the Labor Market: Measuring the Supply and Demand for Skilled Labor in New England. Sasser Modestino, Alicia. New England Public Policy Center Research Report. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, November 30, 2010.

Public Pensions and Labor Supply over the Life Cycle. French, Eric, and John Bailey Jones. Working Paper 2010-09. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, August 31, 2010.

Why Do So Few Women Work in New York (And So Many in Minneapolis)? Labor Supply of Married Women across U.S. Cities. Black, Dan A., Natalia Kolesnikova, and Lowell J. Taylor. Working Paper 2007-043F. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, October 2007, revised April 2010.

Assessing the Impact of Education and Marriage on Labor Market Exit Decisions of Women. Hotchkiss, Julie L., M. Melinda Pitts, and Mary Beth Walker. Working Paper 2010-2. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, February 2010.

The Impact of Low-Skilled Immigration on the Youth Labor Market. Smith, Christopher L. Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2010-03. Federal Reserve Board, December 2009.

Local Price Variation and Labor Supply Behavior. Black, Dan A., Natalia A. Kolesnikova, and Lowell J. Taylor. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review 91, No. 6. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, November/December 2009.

Boomerang Kids: Labor Market Dynamics and Moving Back Home. Kaplan, Greg. Working Paper 675. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, October 2009.

How Will Baby Boomer Retirements Affect Teacher Labor Markets? Aaronson, Daniel, and Katherine Meckel. Economic Perspectives. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Fourth Quarter 2009.

OMG! Like, Where Are All the Teen Workers? Wirtz, Ronald A. Fedgazette. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, September 2009.

Trends in the Aggregate Labor Force. Matheny, Kenneth J. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review 91, No. 4. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, July/August 2009.

Smart Places, Getting Smarter: Facts about the Young Professional Population in New England States. Brome, Heather. New England Public Policy Center Discussion Paper 09-1. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, July 2009.

Lasting Connections: Using Internships to Retain Recent College Graduates in New England. Sasser, Alicia. New England Public Policy Center Policy Brief 09-3. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, March 2009.

Factors Affecting the Supply of Recent College Graduates in New England. Sasser, Alicia. New England Public Policy Center Policy Brief 09-1. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, January 2009.

Retention of Recent College Graduates in New England. Sasser, Alicia. New England Public Policy Center Policy Brief 09-2. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, January 2009.

The Supply of Recent College Graduates in New England. Sasser, Alicia. New England Public Policy Center Policy Brief 09-1. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, January 2009.

Employing the Region's Assets: Baby Boomers Meeting New England's Skilled Workforce Needs. Brome, Heather, and Sandra Hackman. New England Public Policy Center Conference Report 08-1. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, December 3, 2008.

Local Price Variation and Labor Supply Behavior. Black, Dan A., Natalia Kolesnikova, and Lowell J. Taylor. Regional Economic Development 4, No. 1. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, October 2008.

Property Taxes and Elderly Labor Supply. Shan, Hui. Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2008-51. Federal Reserve Board, October 2008.

Are Income Gains Due to More Wives Working Longer Hours? Fitzgerald, Terry J. The Region. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, September 1, 2008.

The Future of the Skilled Labor Force in New England: The Supply of Recent College Graduates. Sasser, Alicia. New England Public Policy Center Research Report 08-1. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, September 2008.

Taxation, Aggregates and the Household. Guner, Nezih, Remzi Kaygusuz, and Gustavo Ventura. Working Paper 660. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, April 2008.

Changes in the Distribution of Family Hours Worked Since 1950. McGrattan, Ellen R., and Richard Rogerson. Staff Report 397. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, revised April 2008.

Working with Children? The Probability of Mothers Exiting the Workforce at Time of Birth. Hotchkiss, Julie L., M. Melinda Pitts, and Mary Beth Walker. Working Paper 2008-8. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, February 2008.

On the Cyclical Behavior of Employment, Unemployment and Labor Force Participation. Veracierto, Marcelo. Working Paper 2002-12. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, revised February 2008.

Changing Trends in the Labor Force: A Survey. DiCecio, Riccardo, Kristie M. Engemann, Michael T. Owyang, and Christopher H. Wheeler. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review 90, No. 1. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, January/February 2008.

Migration

Pulling Up Stakes. Nash, Betty Joyce. Region Focus. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Second/Third Quarter 2012.

Understanding the Long-Run Decline in Interstate Migration. Kaplan, Greg, and Sam Schulhofer-Wohl. Working Paper 697. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, April 4, 2012.

Worker Flows and Matching Efficiency. Veracierto, Marcelo. Economic Perspectives. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Fourth Quarter 2011.

How Much Has House Lock Affected Labor Mobility and the Unemployment Rate? Aaronson, Daniel, and Jonathan Davis. Chicago Fed Letter 290. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, September 2011.

Interstate Migration Has Fallen Less Than You Think: Consequences of Hot Deck Imputation in the Current Population Survey. Kaplan, Greg, and Sam Schulhofer-Wohl. Staff Report 458. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, June 2011.

Internal Migration in the United States. Molloy, Raven, Christopher L. Smith, and Abigail Wozniak. Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2011-30. Federal Reserve Board, May 2011.

The Role of Housing in Labor Reallocation. Davis, Morris A., Jonas D.M. Fisher, and Marcelo Veracierto. Working Paper 2010-18. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, November 29, 2010.

Voting with Their Feet? Local Economic Conditions and Migration Patterns in New England. Sasser, Alicia. New England Public Policy Center Working Paper 09-1. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 2009.

Participation

The Great Recession’s Impact on Hours Worked and Employment. Aliprantis, Dionissi. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, August 29, 2012.

A Closer Look at Nonparticipants During and After the Great Recession. Hotchkiss, Julie L., M. Melinda Pitts, and Fernando Rios-Avila. Working Paper 2012-10. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, August 2012.

Where Have All the Workers Gone? Romero, Jessie. Region Focus. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Second/Third Quarter 2012.

Accounting for Unemployment in the Great Recession: Nonparticipation Matters. Kudlyak, Marianna, and Felipe Schwartzman. Working Paper 12-04. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, June 5, 2012.

Will Labor Force Participation Continue to Rise? Pitts, Melinda. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, June 1, 2012.

The Increased Role of Flows Between Nonparticipation and Unemployment during the Great Recession and Recovery. Kudlyak, Marianna, and David A. Price. Economic Brief 12-06. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, June 2012.

Labor Force Nonparticipants: So What Are They Doing? Hotchkiss, Julie. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, May 11, 2012.

A Take on Labor Force Participation and the Unemployment Rate. Altig, Dave. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, May 10, 2012.

Reconciling Contrasting Signals in the Labor Market: The Role of Participation. Albanesi, Stefania, Ayşegül Şahin, and Joshua Abel. Liberty Street Economics blog. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, March 30, 2012.

Explaining the Decline in the U.S. Labor Force Participation Rate. Aaronson, Daniel, Jonathan Davis, and Luojia Hu. Chicago Fed Letter 296. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, March 2012.

Lifetime Labor Supply and Human Capital Investment. Manuelli, Rodolfo E., Ananth Seshadri, and Yongseok Shin. Working Paper 2012-004A. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, February 2012.

Interpreting the Recent Decline in Labor Force Participation. Van Zandweghe, Willem. Economic Review. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, First Quarter 2012.

Spotlight on Research: Early Labor Experiences of Young Men: Underlying Factors and Later Consequences. Smith, Marvin M. Cascade 79. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Winter 2012.

Accounting for the Non-Employment of U.S. Men, 1968–2010. Kudlyak, Marianna, Thomas Lubik, and Jonathan Tompkins. Economic  Quarterly 97, no. 4. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Fourth Quarter 2011.

The Collapse of the Labor Market for 16- to 24-Year-Olds. Fogg, Neeta, and Paul E. Harrington. Cascade 78. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Fall 2011.

To Work or Not to Work: The Economics of a Mother's Dilemma. Hotchkiss, Julie L., M. Melinda Pitts, and Mary Beth Walker. Working Paper 2011-2. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 2011.

Labor Force Participation and the Future Path of Unemployment. Kwok, Joyce, Mary Daly, and Bart Hobijn. FRBSF Economic Letter 2010-27. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, September 13, 2010.

Recent Changes in Labor Force Participation: Trend or Cycle? DiCecio, Riccardo, and Charles S. Gascon. Economic Synopses 16. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, June 15, 2010.

Why Do So Few Women Work in New York (And So Many in Minneapolis)? Labor Supply of Married Women across U.S. Cities. Black, Dan A., Natalia Kolesnikova, and Lowell J. Taylor. Working Paper 2007-043F. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, October 2007, revised April 2010.

Assessing the Impact of Education and Marriage on Labor Market Exit Decisions of Women. Hotchkiss, Julie L., M. Melinda Pitts, and Mary Beth Walker. Working Paper 2010-2. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, February 2010.

It's Jobs, not Discouraged Workers. Hotchkiss, Julie, and Laurel Graefe. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, January 21, 2010.

What's Up with the Young Folks? Robertson, John. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, January 7, 2010.

OMG! Like, Where Are All the Teen Workers? Wirtz, Ronald A. Fedgazette. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, September 2009.

Decomposing Changes in the Aggregate Labor Force Participation Rate. Hotchkiss, Julie L. Working Paper 2009-6a. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, revised July 2009.

Employing the Region's Assets: Baby Boomers Meeting New England's Skilled Workforce Needs. New England Public Policy Center's 4th Annual Conference. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, December 3, 2008.

Are Income Gains Due to More Wives Working Longer Hours? Fitzgerald, Terry J. The Region. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, September 1, 2008.

Wages/earnings, benefits

The College Wage Premium. James, Jonathan. Economic Commentary. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, August 8, 2012.

Taking the Pulse of Regional Low-Wage Workers. Quispe-Agnoli, Myriam, and Karen Leone de Nie. Partners Update. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, July/August 2012.

Relative Pay and Labor Supply. Bracha, Anat, and Uri Gneezy. Working Paper 12-6. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, July 10, 2012.

Inequality and Redistribution during the Great Recession. Perri, Fabrizio, and Joe Steinberg. The Region. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, June 2012.

Job Polarization in the Region. Speech by President William C. Dudley to the Quarterly Regional Economic Press Briefing, New York, NY. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, May 30, 2012.

Just Released: Regional Economic Press Briefing on Job Polarization and Rising Inequality. Abel, Jaison R., and Richard Deitz. Liberty Street Economics blog. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, May 30, 2012.

A Boost in Your Paycheck: How Are U.S. Workers Using the Payroll Tax Cut? Zafar, Basit, Grant Graziani, and Wilbert van der Klaauw. Liberty Street Economics blog. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, May 9, 2012.

Regional Differences in Household Income. Oliver, Nelson, and Stephan Whitaker. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, May 1, 2012.

Is the Composition of Job Growth Behind Slow Income Growth? Altig, Dave. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, April 13, 2012.

Why Has Wage Growth Stayed Strong? Daly, Mary, Bart Hobijn, and Brian Lucking. FRBSF Economic Letter 2012-10. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, April 2, 2012.

The Wage Impact of Undocumented Workers. Hotchkiss, Julie L., Myriam Quispe-Agnoli, and Fernando Rios-Avila. Working Paper 2012-4. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 2012.

Inequality and Redistribution during the Great Recession. Perri, Fabrizio, and Joe Steinberg. Economic Policy Paper 12-1. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, February 21, 2012.

Behind the Decline in Labor's Share of Income. Jacobson, Margaret, and Filippo Ochhino. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, February 3, 2012.

Does Employing Undocumented Workers Give Firms a Competitive Advantage? Brown, J. David, Julie L. Hotchkiss, and Myriam Quispe-Agnoli. Working Paper 2012-2. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, February 2012.

Human Capital Portfolios. Silos, Pedro, and Eric Smith. Working Paper 2012-3. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, February 2012.

Quantifying the Role of Federal and State Taxes in Mitigating Wage Inequality. Cooper, Daniel H., Byron F. Lutz, and Michael G. Palumbo. Working Paper 2012-05. Federal Reserve Board, Washington, DC, January 2012.

Spotlight on Research: Early Labor Experiences of Young Men: Underlying Factors and Later Consequences. Smith, Marvin M. Cascade 79. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Winter 2012.

The Earnings Impact of a Job Loss. Robertson, John. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, November 22, 2011.

Gender Wage Gap May Be Much Smaller Than Most Think. Kolesnikova, Natalia A., and Yang Liu. The Regional Economist. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, October 2011.

Aggregate Real Wages: Macro Fluctuations and Micro Drivers. Daly, Mary C., Bart Hobijn, and Theodore S. Wiles. Working Paper 2011-23. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, September 2011.

The Gender Wage Gap. Kolesnikova, Natalia A., and Yang Liu. Economic Synopses 25. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, August 29, 2011.

Decomposing the Education Wage Gap: Everything but the Kitchen Sink. Hotchkiss, Julie L., and Menbere Shiferaw. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, July/August 2011.

The Wage Premium Puzzle and the Quality of Human Capital. Marquis, Milton H., Bharat Trehan, and Wuttipan Tantivong. Working Paper 2011-06. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, February 2011.

Degrees of Job Security. Chung, Wonho, Phil Davies, and Terry J. Fitzgerald. The Region. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, December 2010.

Understanding Permanent Black-White Earning Inequality. Badel, Alejandro. Working Paper 2010-047B. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, October 2010, revised December 2010.

The Contribution of the Minimum Wage to U.S. Wage Inequality over Three Decades: A Reassessment. Autor, David, Alan Manning, and Christopher L. Smith. Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2010-60. Federal Reserve Board, November 2010.

Education Wage Gap. Research Insights podcast series, Julie Hotchkiss. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, September 2010.

The Cyclical Price of Labor When Wages Are Smoothed. Kudlyak, Marianna. Working Paper 10-13. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, September 2010.

Public Pensions and Labor Supply over the Life Cycle. French, Eric, and John Bailey Jones. Working Paper 2010-09. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, August 31, 2010.

The Cyclical Price of Labor When Wages Are Smoothed. Kudlyak, Marianna. Working Paper 10-13. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, August 2010.

The Role of Location in Evaluating Racial Wage Disparity. Black, Dan A., Natalia Kolesnikova, Seth G. Sanders, and Lowell J. Taylor. Working Paper 2009-43B. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, September 2009, revised July 2010.

Cross-Country Income Convergence Revisited. Barseghyan, Levon, and Riccardo DiCecio. Working Paper 2010-021B. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, July 2010.

Human Capital Values and Returns: Bounds Implied By Earnings and Asset Returns Data. Huggett, Mark, and Greg Kaplan. Research Department Staff Report 448. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, July 2010.

Some Evidence on the Importance of Sticky Wages. Barattieri, Alessandro, Susanto Basu, and Peter Gottschalk. Working Paper 10-11. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, June 2010.

Taxes, Wages and Human Capital. Clement, Douglas. The Region. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, June 2010.

Wage Setting Patterns and Monetary Policy: International Evidence. Olivei, Giovanni, and Silvana Tenreyro. Working Paper 108. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, June 2010.

Are Wages Rigid Over the Business Cycle? Kudlyak, Marianna. Economic Quarterly. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Second Quarter 2010.

The Unemployment Gender Gap during the 2007 Recession. Sahin, Aysegul, Jospeh Song, and Bart Hobijn. Current Issues in Economics and Finance 16, No. 2. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, February 2010.

Texas' Latino Pay Gaps: Taking a Closer Look. Kerr, Emily, Pia Orrenius, and Madeline Zavodny. Southwest Economy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, First Quarter 2010.

Job Separations, Heterogeneity, and Earnings Inequality. Amaral, Pedro S. Working Paper 09-10. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, December 2009.

A Quantitative Analysis of the Evolution of the U.S. Wage Distribution: 1970–2000. Guvenen, Fatih, and Burhanettin Kuruscu. Staff Report 438. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, November 2009.

Taxation of Human Capital and Wage Inequality: A Cross-Country Analysis. Guvenen, Fatih, Burhanettin Kuruscu, and Serdar Ozkan. Staff Report 438. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, November 2009.

Getting to the Bottom of Texas' Latino Pay Gap. Orrenius, Pia, Madeline Zavodny, and Emily Kerr. Southwest Economy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Fourth Quarter 2009.

Wage Dispersion and Wage Dynamics within and across Firms. Carillo-Tudela, Carlos, and Eric Smith. Working Paper 2009-22. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, September 2009.

Sector-Specific Human Capital and the Distribution of Earnings. Smith, Eric. Working Paper 2009-21. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, September 2009.

Education and Earnings.Smith, Douglas C. Liber8 Economic Information Newsletter. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, August 2009.

Employer Health Benefits and Insurance Expansions: Hawaii's Experience. Buchmueller, Tom, John Dinardo, and Rob Valletta. FRBSF Economic Letter 2009-21. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, June 29, 2009.

Explaining Trends in Wages, Work and Occupations. Autor, David H. Chicago Fed Letter 261. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, April 2009.

The Elasticity of the Unemployment Rate with Respect to Benefits. Christoffel, Kai, and Keith Kuester. Working Paper 08-15. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, August 11, 2008.

Higher Minimum Wage Looms Large in Texas. Orrenius, Pia M., Madeline Zavodny, and Weihua Li. Southwest Economy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, July/August 2008.

Earnings Inequality within the Urban United States: 2000 to 2006. Wheeler, Christopher H. Research Report. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, July 2008.

Positive and Normative Effects of a Minimum Wage. Rocheteau, Guillame, and Murat Tasci. Working Paper 08-01. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, February 2008.

Outsourcing

Is Offshoring behind U.S. Employment's Current Problems? Altig, Dave. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, May 4, 2011.

Offshoring and Volatility: More Evidence from Mexico's Maquiladora Industry. Coronado, Roberto A. Working Paper 1106. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, May 2011.

The Impact of the Maquiladora Industry on U.S. Border Cities. Canas, Jesus, Robert A. Coronado, Robert W. Gilmer, and Eduardo Saucedo. Working Paper 1107. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, May 2011.

An Evaluation of the Employment Effects of Barriers to Outsourcing. Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu, Sugata Marjit, and Lei Yang. Working Paper 2010-030A. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, October 2010.

Maquiladora Employment: New Data Confirm Pickup in Juarez Factory Jobs. Coronado, Roberto, and Jesus Canas. Southwest Economy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Second Quarter 2010.

Labor Market Globalization in the Recession and Beyond. Cox, W. Michael, Richard Alm, and Justyna Dymerska. Economic Letter 4, no. 10. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, December 2009.

A Theory of Outsourcing and Wage Decline. Holmes, Thomas J., and Julia Thornton Snider. Working Paper 669. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, March 2009.

Productivity

Weekly Hours Worked: Another Recession Casualty. James, Jonathan. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, June 4, 2012.

Unmeasured Investment. Davies, Phil. The Region. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, June 2012.

The Labor Productivity Puzzle. McGrattan, Ellen R., and Edward C. Prescott. Working Paper 694. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, February 15, 2012.

Behind the Decline in Labor's Share of Income. Jacobson, Margaret, and Filippo Ochhino. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, February 3, 2012.

Lifetime Labor Supply and Human Capital Investment. Manuelli, Rodolfo E., Ananth Seshadri, and Yongseok Shin. Working Paper 2012-004A. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, February 2012.

Workforce Skills across the Urban-Rural Hierarchy. Abel, Jaison R., Todd M. Gabe, and Kevin Stolarick. Staff Report 552. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, February 2012.

Is the Recent Productivity Boom Over? Wilson, Daniel. FRBSF Economic Letter 2010-28. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, September 20, 2010.

Not Your Father's Recovery: The Changing Dynamics of Labor Productivity. Todd, Tim. TEN. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Fall 2010.

The Effect of Immigrants on U.S. Employment and Productivity. Peri, Giovanni. FRBSF Economic Letter 2010-26. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, August 30, 2010.

Why Have the Dynamics of Labor Productivity Changed? Van Zandweghe, Willem. Economic Review. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Third Quarter 2010.

Increasing Hours Worked versus Increasing Hiring. Ellingson, Amy. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, June 25, 2010.

The Recovery: Job Rich or Job Poor? Robertson, John, and Pedro Silos. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, June 3, 2010.

Sources of Employment Uncertainty. Speech by President Dennis P. Lockhart to Atlanta Technical College Business and Industry Breakfast, Atlanta, Ga. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, June 3, 2010.

Hours and Labor Market Slack. Tasci, Murat, and Beth Mowry. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, April 7, 2010.

Why Income Per Worker Differs Worldwide. DiCecio, Riccardo. Economic Synopses 7. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, March 16, 2010.

Okun's Law and the Unemployment Surprise of 2009. Daly, Mary, and Bart Hobijn. FRBSF Economic Letter 2010-07. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, March 8, 2010.

Is Good News Hidden in Bad Employment Numbers? Altig, David. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, February 5, 2010.

The Outlook for Productivity Growth: Symposium Summary. Doms, Mark. FRBSF Economic Letter 2009-11. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, March 20, 2009.

Aggregate Labor Force Participation. Lee, Yoonsoo, and Beth Mowry. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, August 14, 2008.

Immigration

Georgia Data Quantify Impact of Undocumented Workers: A Conversation with Julie HotchkissSouthwest Economy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Second Quarter 2012.

The Wage Impact of Undocumented Workers. Hotchkiss, Julie L., Myriam Quispe-Agnoli, and Fernando Rios-Avila. Working Paper 2012-4. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 2012.

The Role of Immigrants in the New England Economy. Orrenius, Pia M., and Madeline Zavodny. Communities & Banking. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Spring 2012.

Does Employing Undocumented Workers Give Firms a Competitive Advantage? Brown, J. David, Julie L. Hotchkiss, and Myriam Quispe-Agnoli. Working Paper 2012-2. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, February 2012.

Immigration at the Extremes of the Skills Distribution. Hernández-Murillo, Rubén, and Christopher J. Martinek. Economic Synopses 31. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, October 18, 2011.

Immigrants: Skills, Occupations and Locations. Hernández-Murillo, Rubén, and Christopher J. Martinek. The Regional Economist. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, October 2011.

Polarization, Immigration, Education: What's behind the Dramatic Decline in Youth Employment? Smith, Christopher L. Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2011-41. Federal Reserve Board, October 2011.

Immigrants' Employment Outcomes over the Business Cycle. Orrenius, Pia, and Madeline Zavodny. StaffPAPERS 15. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, September 2011.

The Effect of Immigrants on U.S. Employment and Productivity. Peri, Giovanni. FRBSF Economic Letter 2010-26. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, August 30, 2010.

The Impact of Low-Skilled Immigration on the Youth Labor Market. Smith, Christopher L. Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2010-03. Federal Reserve Board, December 2009.

Do Immigrants Work in Riskier Jobs? Orrenius, Pia M., and Madeline Zavodny. Working Paper 0901. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, January 2009.

A Portrait of New England's Immigrants. Owens, Antoniya. New England Public Policy Center Research Report 08-2. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, November 2008.

The Labor Market Experience and Impact of Undocumented Workers. Hotchkiss, Julie L., and Myriam Quispe-Agnoli. Working Paper 2008-7c. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, June 2008.

The Effect of Minimum Wages on Immigrants' Employment and Earnings. Orrenius, Pia M., and Madeline Zavodny. Working Paper 0805. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, April 2008.

The Impact of Undocumented Workers. Research Insights podcast series, Julie Hotchkiss. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 2008.

Labor force flows

The Decline in Unemployment: Any Silver Lining? Pitts, Melinda. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, September 11, 2012.

A Closer Look at Nonparticipants During and After the Great Recession. Hotchkiss, Julie L., M. Melinda Pitts, and Fernando Rios-Avila. Working Paper 2012-10. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, August 2012.

Pulling Up Stakes. Nash, Betty Joyce. Region Focus. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Second/Third Quarter 2012.

Firm Size and Employment Dynamics in Recessions and Recoveries. Kong, Yu-Chien, and Juan M. Sanchez. Economic Synopse 16. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, June 22, 2012.

The Increased Role of Flows Between Nonparticipation and Unemployment during the Great Recession and Recovery. Kudlyak, Marianna, and David A. Price. Economic Brief 12-06. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, June 2012.

Labor Force Nonparticipants: So What Are They Doing? Hotchkiss, Julie. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, May 11, 2012.

Many Moving Parts: The Latest Look Inside the U.S. Labor Market. Andolfatto, David, and Marcela M. Williams. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review 94. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, March/April 2012.

The Bathtub Model of Unemployment: The Importance of Labor Market Flow Dynamics. Şahin, Ayşegül, and Christina Patterson. Liberty Street Economics blog. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, March 28, 2012.

Prospects for the U.S. Labor Market. McCarthy, Jonathan, and Simon Potter. Liberty Street Economics blog. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, March 26, 2012.

Recession's Impact on the Workforce. EconSouth Now podcast series, Nicole Smith with Tom Heintjes. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 2012.

Finding a Place. Wright, Kevin. TEN. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Spring 2012.  

Employment Dynamics During Economic Recoveries. Liborio, Constanza S., and Juan M. Sánchez. Economic Synopses 2. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, January 20, 2012.

Accounting for the Non-Employment of U.S. Men, 1968–2010. Kudlyak, Marianna, Thomas Lubik, and Jonathan Tompkins. Economic  Quarterly 97, no. 4. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Fourth Quarter 2011.

Worker Flows and Matching Efficiency. Veracierto, Marcelo. Economic Perspectives. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Fourth Quarter 2011.

Declining Labor Turnover and Turbulence. Fujita, Shigerua. Working Paper 11-44. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, September 2011.

Job Churning in Regional Labor Markets. Gerbec, Jason, Miriam Singer, and Adam Smith. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, September 27, 2010.

The Labor Market for Men and Women. Dunne, Timothy, and Kyle Fee. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, July 19, 2010.

On-the-Job Search and the Cyclical Dynamics of the Labor Market. Krause, Michael U., and Thomas A. Lubik. Working Paper 10-12. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, June 2010.

It's Jobs, not Discouraged Workers. Hotchkiss, Julie, and Laurel Graefe. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, January 21, 2010.

Worker Flows and Job Flows: A Quantitative Investigation. Fujita, Shigeru, and Makoto Nakajima. Working Paper 09-33. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, November 2009.

Boomerang Kids: Labor Market Dynamics and Moving Back Home. Kaplan, Greg. Working Paper 675. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, October 2009.

Supply Shocks, Demand Shocks, and Labor Market Fluctuations. Braun, Helge, Reinout De Bock, and Riccardo DiCecio. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review 91, No. 3. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, May/June 2009.

The Long and Large Decline in State Employment Growth Volatility. Carlino, Gerald, Robert DeFina, and Keith Sill. Working Paper 09-9. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, April 2009.

The Rigidity of Labor: Processing Savings and Work Decisions Through Shannon's Channels. Tutino, Antonella. Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2010-02. Federal Reserve Board, February 2009.

Job Flows, Jobless Recoveries, and the Great Moderation. Faberman, R. Jason. Working Paper 08-11. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, June 2008.

On the Cyclical Behavior of Employment, Unemployment and Labor Force Participation. Veracierto, Marcelo. Working Paper 2002-12. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, revised February 2008.



Unemployment

Unemployment insurance benefits

Unemployment Insurance Fraud and Optimal Monitoring. Fuller, David L., B. Ravikumar, and Yuzhe Zhang. Working Paper 2012-024A. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, July 2012.

Foreclosure Delay and U.S. Unemployment. Herkenhoff, Kyle F., and Lee E. Ohanian. Working Paper 2012-017A. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, June 2012.

When the Tide Goes Out: Unemployment Insurance Trust Funds and the Great Recession, Lessons for and from New England. Weiner, Jennifer. New England Public Policy Center Research Report 12-1. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, April 2012.

How Well Do Initial Claims Forecast Employment Growth Over the Business Cycle and Over Time? Kliessen, Kevin L., and David C. Wheelock. Economic Synopses 7. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, March 9, 2012.

Initial Claims and Employment Growth: Are We at the Threshold? Kliesen, Kevin L., Michael W. McCracken, and Linpeng Zheng. Economic Synopses 41. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, December 14, 2011.

Emergency Unemployment Compensation and Long-term Unemployment. Tasci, Murat, and Mary Zenker. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, November 8, 2011.

How Much of the Decline in Unemployment Is Due to the Exhaustion of Unemployment Benefits? Hu, Luojia, and Shani Schechter. Chicago Fed Letter 288. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, July 2011.

How Did Unemployment Insurance Extensions Affect the Unemployment Rate in 2008–10? Mazumder, Bhash. Chicago Fed Letter 285. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, April 2011.

Do Initial Claims Overstate Layoffs? Hobijn, Bart, and Ayʂegül Şahin. FRBSF Economic Letter 2011-04. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, February 7, 2011.

Effects of Extended Unemployment Insurance Benefits: Evidence from the Monthly CPS. Fujita, Shigeru. Working Paper 10-35/R. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, January 2011.

The Ins and Outs of Unemployment Insurance. El-Ghazaly, Hoda. Liber8 Economic Information Newsletter. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, November 2010.

Extended Unemployment and UI Benefits. Valletta, Rob, and Katherine Kuang. FRBSF Economic Letter 2010-12. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, April 19, 2010.

Patch Job: Repairing the Unemployment Safety Net. Meyers, Mike. Fedgazette. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, November 2009.

Unemployment Insurance with a Hidden Labor Market. Alvarez-Parra, Fernando, and Juan M. Sanchez. Working Paper 09-09. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, June 2009.

Does Unemployment Insurance Discourage Work? Abdalla, Khalid. Region Focus. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Spring/Summer 2008.

Inflation, Phillips Curve

Slow Employment Recoveries, Monetary Policy, and Expected Inflation. Carlson, John B., and John Lindner. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, April 27, 2012.

Unemployment, Labor Costs, and Recessions: Implications for the Inflation Outlook. Fee, Kyle, and Mark E. Schweitzer. Economic Commentary 2011-17. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, September 7, 2011.

How Does Slack Influence Inflation? Peach, Richard, Robert Rich, and Anna Cororaton. Current Issues in Economics and Finance. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, June 2011.

Do Labor Market Activities Help Predict Inflation? Hu, Luojia, and Maude Toussaint-Comeau. Economic Perspectives. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Second Quarter 2010.

Job Search

Sorting by Skill over the Course of Job Search. Kudlyak, Marianna, Damba Lkhagvasuren, and Roman Sysuyev. Working Paper 12-03. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, April 18, 2012.

Credentials that Work: Innovations in Labor Market Information. Dorrer, John, Myriam Milfort, and Jeremy Kelley. Communities & Banking. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Spring 2012.

Reality of On-the-Job Search. Fujita, Shigeru. Working Paper 10-34/R. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, February 2011.

On-the Job Search and the Cyclical Dynamics of the Labor Market. Krause, Michael U., and Thomas Lubik. Working Paper 10-12. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, June 2010.

Job Search with Bidder Memories. Carillo-Tudela, Carlos, Guido Menzio, and Eric Smith. Working Paper 2009-28. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, October 2009.

On-the-Job Search, Sticky Prices, and Persistence. Van Zandweghe, Willem. Working Paper 09-03. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, revised October 2009.

Joint-Search Theory: New Opportunities and New Frictions. Guler, Bulent, Fatih Guvenen, and Giovanni L. Violante. Staff Report 426. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, May 2009.

Diagnosing Labor Market Search Models: A Multiple-Shock Approach. Beauchemin, Kenneth, and Murat Tasci. Working Paper 08-13. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, December 2008.

Mismatch, Beveridge Curve, structural

Moving Skills from Low to High. Acero, Jorge A. Communities & Banking. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Fall 2012.

Mismatch Unemployment. Sahin, Aysegul, Joseph Song, Giorgio Topa, and Giovanni L. Violante. Staff Report 566. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, August 2012.

The Industry-Occupation Mix of U.S. Job Openings and Hires. Hobijn, Bart. Working Paper  2012-09. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, July 2012.

Is There a Skills Mismatch in the Labor Market? Faberman, R. Jason, and Bhashkar Mazumder. Chicago Fed Letter 300. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, July 2012.

Structural and Cyclical Economic Factors. Swanson, Eric. FRBSF Economic Letter 2012-18. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, June 11, 2012.

The Skills Gap: Still Trying to Separate Myth from Fact. Altig, Dave, and John Robertson. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, June 7, 2012.

Monetary Policy, Economics and the Recovery. Speech by President Sandra Pianalto to the NABE Industry Conference on Manufacturing, Cleveland, OH. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, May 31, 2012.

Technology, Unemployment and Workforce Development in a Rapidly Changing World. Speech by President Jeffrey M. Lacker to business and community leaders, Greensboro, NC. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, May 7, 2012.

Worker Skills and Job Quality. Neumark, David, and Rob Valletta. FRBSF Economic Letter 2012-13. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, April 30, 2012.

Labor Markets & Jobs. Presentation by Kelly Edmiston and Barbara Robles. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, April 26, 2012.

Is the Composition of Job Growth Behind Slow Income Growth? Altig, Dave. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, April 13, 2012.

The Structure of the Structural Unemployment Question. Altig, Dave. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, April 9, 2012.

Many Moving Parts: The Latest Look Inside the U.S. Labor Market. Andolfatto, David, and Marcela M. Williams. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review 94. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, March/April 2012.

Are Unemployed Construction Workers Really Doing Better? Silos, Pedro, and Lei Fang. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 30, 2012.

Skills Mismatch, Construction Workers, and the Labor Market. Crump, Richard, and Ayşegül Şahin. Liberty Street Economics blog. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, March 29, 2012.

A Broader View of Labor Markets. Chriszt, Mike. SouthPoint blog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 27, 2012.

Recent Developments in the Labor Market. Speech by Chairman Ben Bernanke at the National Association for Business Economics Annual Conference, Washington, DC. Federal Reserve Board of Governors, March 26, 2012.

Why We Debate. Altig, Dave. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 23, 2012.

Many Moving Parts: A Look Inside the U.S. Labor Market. Andolfatto, David, and Marcela M. Williams. Inside the Vault. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Spring 2012.

Which Industries Are Shifting the Beveridge Curve? Barnichon, Regis, Michael Elsby, Bart Hobijn, and Ayşegül Şahin. Working Paper 2010-32. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, October 2011.

Declining Labor Turnover and Turbulence. Fujita, Shigerua. Working Paper 11-44. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, September 2011.

The Polarization of Job Opportunities in the U.S. Labor Market: Implications for Employment and Earnings. Autor, David. Community Investments 23, No. 2. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Fall 2011.

Use It or Lose It: College Grads and Underemployment. Zenker, Mary. Forefront. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Fall 2011.

Is Joblessness Now a Skills Problem? Lacker, Jeffrey. Region Focus 15, no. 3. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Third Quarter 2011.

Evaluating the Role of Labor Market Mismatch in Rising Unemployment. Barlevy, Gadi. Economic Perspectives. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Third Quarter 2011.

Underemployment Poses Long-Term Financial Risk to More Workers. Kumar, Anil, and Michael Weiss. Southwest Economy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Third Quarter 2011.

One More Sign of Struggles on the Job Creation Front. Altig, Dave. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, July 13, 2011.

The Mismatch between Job Openings and Job Seekers. Canon, Maria E, and Mingyu Chen. The Regional Economist. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, July 2011.

Are Underemployed Graduates Displacing Nongraduates? Whitaker, Stephan, and Mary Zenker. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, July 2011.

New Evidence on Cyclical and Structural Sources of Unemployment. Chen, Jinzhu, Prakash Kannan, Prakash Loungani, and Bharat Trehan. Working Paper 2011-17. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, May 2011.

Search Frictions and the Labor Wedge. Pescatori, Andrea, and Murat Tasci. Working Paper 11-11. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, April 2011.

Labor Matching: Putting the Pieces Together. Cheremukhin, Anton A. Working Paper 1102. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, March 14, 2011.

High Unemployment after the Recession: Mostly Cyclical, but Adjusting Slowly. Tasci, Murat. Economic Commentary 2011-02. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, January 31, 2011.

Which Industries Are Shifting the Beveridge Curve? Barnichon, Regis, Michael Elsby, Bart Hobijn, and Ayșegül Șahin. Working Paper 2010-32. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, December 2010.

Mismatch in the Labor Market? Ensuring an Adequate Supply of Skilled Labor in New England. Conference. Sasser-Modestino, Alicia. Keynote speaker. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, November 30, 2010.

Is Structural Unemployment on the Rise? Valletta, Rob, and Katherine Kuang. FRBSF Economic Letter 2010-34. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, November 8, 2010.

Mismatch in the Labor Market? Measuring the Supply of and Demand for Skilled Labor in New England. Sasser-Modestino, Alicia. New England Public Policy Center Research Report 10-2. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, November 2010.

What Drives Movements in the Unemployment Rate? A Decomposition of the Beveridge Curve. Barnichon, Regis, and Andrew Figura. Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2010-48. Federal Reserve Board, August 20, 2010.

Just How Curious Is that Beveridge Curve? Altig, Dave. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, August 18, 2010.

Has the Beveridge Curve Shifted? Tasci, Murat, and John Lindner. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. August 10, 2010.

The Labor Wedge as a Matching Friction. Cheremukhin, Anton A., and Paulina Restrepo-Echavarria. Working Paper 1004. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, July 22, 2010.

A Curious Unemployment Picture Gets More Curious. Altig, Dave. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, July 16, 2010.

Another View of the Structural versus Cyclical Unemployment Question. Shifera, Membere, and John Roberston. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, June 11, 2010.

Displacement, Asymmetric Information and Heterogeneous Human Capital. Hu, Luojia, and Christopher Taber. Working Paper 2008-02. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, revised June 2010.

What Is Behind the Rise in Long-Term Unemployment? Aaronson, Daniel, Bhash Mazumder, and Shani Schechter. Economic Perspectives 34, no. 2. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Second Quarter 2010.

Examining JOLTS. EconSouth Now podcast series, Julie Hotchkiss and Menbere Shiferaw. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 2010.

Employment Survey Delivers JOLTS. Hotchkiss, Julie, and Menbere Shiferaw. EconSouth. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, First Quarter 2010.

Employment Growth: Cyclical Movements or Structural Change? Rissman, Ellen R. Economic Perspectives. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Fourth Quarter 2009.

Natural rate

The Slow Recovery: Causes and Monetary Policy Implications. Presentation by President John C. Williams to the 2012 Santa Barbara County Economic Summit, Santa Barbara, CA. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, May 3, 2012.

The Long Road Back to Full Employment. Speech by President Sandra Pianalto to the Wooster Area, Orrville Area, and Holmes County Chambers of Commerce, Wooster, OH. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, January 10, 2012.

A Rising Natural Rate of Unemployment: Transitory or Permanent? Daly, Mary, Bart Hobijn, Aysegul Sahin, and Rob Valletta. Working Paper 2011-05. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, September 2011.

The Ins and Outs of Unemployment in the Long Run: A New Estimate for the Natural Rate? Tasci, Murat. Working Paper 10-17R. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, September 2011.

Unemployment after the Recession: A New Natural Rate? Tasci, Murat, and Saeed Zaman. Economic Commentary 2011-11. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, September 8, 2010.

The New Normal? Economists Ponder whether the "Natural" Rate of Unemployment Has Risen. Courtois, Renee. Region Focus. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, First Quarter 2010.

Unemployment rate

Maximum Employment and Monetary Policy. Speech by President Jeffrey M. Lacker to the Money Marketeers of New York University, New York, N.Y. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, September 18, 2012.

How Positive Are Recent Employment and Labor Market Trends? Anderson, Richard G. Economic Synopses 25. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, September 14, 2012.

The Decline in Unemployment: Any Silver Lining? Pitts, Melinda. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, September 11, 2012.

Beyond the Unemployment Rate: Long-term Unemployment. Tasci, Murat, and Emily Burgen. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, August 6, 2012.

Careers in Firms: Estimating a Model of Learning, Job Assignment, and Human Capital Acquisition. Pastorino, Elena. Staff Report 469. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, July 24, 2012.

Job Gains and Losses at Large and Small Firms during the Great Recession. Sánchez, Juan M., and Lowell R. Ricketts. The Regional Economist. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, July 2012.

Employment Growth and the FOMC Summary of Economic Projections. Altig, Dave. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, June 22, 2012.

Technology Shocks and Unemployment in the Last Recession. Amaral, Pedro S. Economic Commentary. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, June 7, 2012.

An Unstable Okun’s Law, Not the Best Rule of Thumb. Meyer, Brent, and Murat Tasci. Economic Commentary. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, June 7, 2012.

Foreclosure Delay and U.S. Unemployment. Herkenhoff, Kyle F., and Lee E. Ohanian. Working Paper 2012-017A. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, June 2012.

Labor Markets: Glass Half Empty…Glass Half  Empty. Dunne, Timothy, and Kyle Fee. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, May 8, 2012.

Labor Markets & Jobs. Presentation by Kelly Edmiston and Barbara Robles. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, April 26, 2012.

What's the Story Behind Tennessee's Strong Construction Employment Data? Chriszt, Mike. SouthPoint blog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, April 17, 2012.

The Slow Recovery: It’s Not Just Housing. Williams, John C. FRBSF Economic Letter 2012-11. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, April 9, 2012.

Employment Data Point to Continued Regional Recovery. Chriszt, Mike. SouthPoint blog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, April 6, 2012.

Historical Perspective on Monthly Job Growth, and Jobs Calculator Enhancements. Hotchkiss, Julie. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, April 6, 2012.

An Elusive Relation between Unemployment and GDP Growth: Okun’s Law. Burgen, Emily, Brent Meyer, and Murat Tasci. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, April 5, 2012.

Conclusion: How Low Will the Unemployment Rate Go? McCarthy, Jonathan, Simon Potter, and Ayşegül Şahin. Liberty Street Economics blog. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, April 2, 2012.

Why Does Unemployment Differ Persistently Across Metro Areas? Rappaport, Jordan. Economic Review. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Second Quarter 2012.

Labor on the Mend. Based on Willem Van Zandweghe’s research, “Interpreting the Recent Decline in Labor Force Participation.” TEN. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Second Quarter 2012.

Many Moving Parts: The Latest Look Inside the U.S. Labor Market. Andolfatto, David, and Marcela M. Williams. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review 94. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, March/April 2012.

Are Unemployed Construction Workers Really Doing Better? Silos, Pedro, and Lei Fang. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 30, 2012.

A Broader View of Labor Markets. Chriszt, Mike. SouthPoint blog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 27, 2012.

Okun’s Law and Long Expansions. McCarthy, Jonathan, Simon Potter, and Ging Cee Ng. Liberty Street Economics blog. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, March 27, 2012.

Finding a Place. Wright, Kevin. TEN. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Spring 2012.  

Going Down. Wright, Kevin. TEN. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Spring 2012.

Many Moving Parts: A Look Inside the U.S. Labor Market. Andolfatto, David, and Marcela M. Williams. Inside the Vault. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Spring 2012.

Recent Developments in the Labor Market. Speech by Chairman Ben Bernanke at the National Association for Business Economics Annual Conference, Washington, DC. Federal Reserve Board of Governors, March 26, 2012.

Why We Debate. Altig, Dave. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 23, 2012.

How Many Jobs Does It Take? Introducing the Atlanta Fed's Jobs Calculator. Hotchkiss, Julie. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 2, 2012.

Starting Off on the Wrong Foot: Early Careers and High Unemployment. James, Jonathan. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, March 2, 2012.

Employment: Some Good News, Some Bad News. Hotchkiss, Julie. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, February 6, 2012.

Why Is Unemployment Duration So Long? Valleta, Rob, and Katherine Kuang. FRBSF Economic Letter 2012-03. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, January 30, 2012.

The Long Road Back to Full Employment. Speech by President Sandra Pianalto to the Wooster Area, Orrville Area, and Holmes County Chambers of Commerce, Wooster, OH. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, January 10, 2012.

Who Is the Most Unemployed? Factors Affecting Joblessness. Somoza, Lela. EconSouth. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, First Quarter 2012.

Spotlight on Research: Early Labor Experiences of Young Men: Underlying Factors and Later Consequences. Smith, Marvin M. Cascade 79. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Winter 2012.

What's Not Working This Time Around? Third Dialogue Examines Why Unemployment Remains High. Waller, Christopher. Central Banker. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Winter 2011.

Optimal Labor-Market Policy in Recessions. Jung, Philip, and Keith Kuester. Working Paper 11-48. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, November 30, 2011.

Emergency Unemployment Compensation and Long-term Unemployment. Tasci, Murat, and Mary Zenker. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, November 8, 2011.

Two More Job Market Charts. Altig, Dave. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, October 7, 2011.

This Time May Not Be That Different: Labor Markets, the Great Recession and the (Not So Great) Recovery. Tasci, Murat. Economic Commentary. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, September 27, 2011.

Recent Layoffs in a Fragile Labor Market. Valletta, Rob, and Katherine Kuang. FRBSF Economic Letter 2011-30. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, September 26, 2011.

Potential Causes and Implications of the Rise in Long-Term Unemployment. Hornstein, Andreas, Thomas A. Lubik, and Jessie Romero. Economic Brief 11-09. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, September 2011.

Unemployment and the Great Recession. Tasci, Murat. Forefront. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Fall 2011.

Labor Market not So Anomalous After All. Tasci, Murat, and Mary Zenker. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, August 9, 2011.

Macroeconomic Policy and Labor Markets: Lessons from Dale Mortensen's Research. Benson, David. Chicago Fed Letter 289b. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, August 2011.

"Frictions in Financial and Labor Markets": A Summary of the 35th Annual Economic Policy Conference. Manuelli, Rodolfo E., and Adrian Peralta-Alva. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, July/August 2011.

The Vanishing U.S.-E.U. Employment Gap. Grisse, Christian, Thomas Klitgaard, and Ayşegül Şahin. Liberty Street Economics blog. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, July 25, 2011.

How Much of the Decline in Unemployment Is Due to the Exhaustion of Unemployment Benefits? Hu, Luojia, and Shani Schechter. Chicago Fed Letter 288. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, July 2011.

Evaluating the Role of Labor Market Mismatch in Rising Unemployment. Barlevy, Gadi. Economic Perspectives. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Third Quarter 2011.

GDP Growth, the Unemployment Rate, and Okun's Law. Higgins, Patrick. EconSouth. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Third Quarter 2011.

Underemployment Poses Long-Term Financial Risk to More Workers. Kumar, Anil, and Michael Weiss. Southwest Economy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Third Quarter 2011.

Would Active Labor Market Policies Help Combat High U.S. Unemployment? Nie, Jun, and Ethan Struby. Economic Review. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Third Quarter 2011.

Why Aren't We Creating More Jobs? Romero, Jessie. Region Focus. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Third Quarter 2011.

Labor Market Rigidity, Unemployment, and the Great Recession. Tasci, Murat, and Mary Zenker. Economic Commentary. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, June 29, 2011.

Labor Markets and Federal Reserve Policy. Speech by President Sandra Pianalto to the Columbus Metropolitan Club, Columbus, Ohio. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, June 1, 2011.

Explaining the Recent Decline in the Unemployment Rate. Barrow, Lisa. Chicago Fed Letter 287. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, June 2011.

Spotlight on Research: The Distributional Impact of Unemployment. Smith, Marvin M. Cascade 77. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Spring/Summer 2011.

What's Up with the Unemployment Rate? Tasci, Murat, and Mary Zenker. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, May 9, 2011.

Have Cyclical Movements in the Unemployment Rate Become More Persistent? Figura, Andrew. Finance & Economics Development Discussion Series 2011-33. Federal Reserve Board of Governors, May 2011.

New Evidence on Cyclical and Structural Sources of Unemployment. Jinzhu, Chen, Prakash Kannan, Prakash Loungani, and Bharat Trehan. Working Paper 2011-17. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, May 2011.

What's behind the Surprising Large Drop in the Unemployment Rate? Hotchkiss, Julie. Human Capital Currents. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, April 15, 2011.

Temporary Layoffs during the Great Recession. Groshen, Erica L. Liberty Street Economics blog. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, April 6, 2011.

How Did Unemployment Insurance Extensions Affect the Unemployment Rate in 2008–10? Mazumder, Bhash. Chicago Fed Letter 285. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, April 2011.

Recent College Graduates and the Labor Market. Hobijn, Bart, Colin Gardiner, and Theodore Wiles. FRBSF Economic Letter 2011-09. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, March 21, 2011.

Labor Markets and Monetary Policy. Speech by President Naravana Kocherlakota to the 49th Annual Winter Institute, St. Cloud, MN. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, March 3, 2011.

High Unemployment after the Recession: Mostly Cyclical, but Adjusting Slowly. Tasci, Murat. Economic Commentary. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, January 31, 2011.

Flexible Workforce: The Role of Temporary Employment in Recession and Recovery. Nash, Betty Joyce, and Jessie Romero. Region Focus. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, First Quarter 2011.

Laboring to Recover: As the Nation's Economy Rebounds, Unemployment Continues to Rise. Steeves, Brye. TEN. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Winter 2010.

Unemployment and the Role of Monetary Policy. Fawley, Brett, and Luciana Juvenal. Economic Synopses 37. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, December 27, 2010.

Where Are We in the Labor Market Recovery? Tasci, Murat, and Mary Zenker. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. December 8, 2010.

Labor Markets after the Great Recession. Conference. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, December 3–4, 2010.

Unemployment and Monetary Policy: Lessons from Half a Century Ago. Speech by President Jeffrey M. Lacker to the 2010 International Conference for Advanced Placement Economics Teachers. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, November 14, 2010.

Is Structural Unemployment on the Rise? Valletta, Rob, and Katherine Kuang. FRBSF Economic Letter 2010-34. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, November 8, 2010.

Texas Twist: Why Did State's Unemployment Fall Below Nation's? Kumar, Anil. Southwest Economy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Third Quarter 2010.

Labor Force Participation and the Future Path of Unemployment. Kwok, Joyce, Mary Daly, and Bart Hobijn. FRBSF Economic Letter 2010-27. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, September 13, 2010.

Unemployment after the Recession: A New Natural Rate? Tasci, Murat, and Saeed Zaman Economic Commentary. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, September 8, 2010.

What Drives Movements in the Unemployment Rate? A Decomposition of the Beveridge Curve. Barnichon, Regis, and Andrew Figura. Finance & Economics Discussion Series 2010-48. Federal Reserve Board of Governors, August 20, 2010.

The Labor Market for Men and Women. Dunne, Tim, and Kyle Fee. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, July 19, 2010.

Increasing Hours Worked versus Increasing Hiring. Ellingson, Amy. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, June 25, 2010.

Sources of Employment Uncertainty. Speech by President Dennis Lockhart to Atlanta Technical College, Atlanta, GA. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, June 3, 2010.

Out of the Workplace…and Struggling to Find a Way Back In. English, Ed. EconSouth. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Second Quarter 2010.

When Are U.S. Jobs Coming Back? Pitts, Melinda. EconSouth. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Second Quarter 2010.

Signs Point toward Another Jobless Recovery. Kliesen, Kevin L. The Regional Economist. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, April 2010.

Are Jobless Recoveries the New Norm? Tasci, Murat. Economic Commentary 2010-1. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, March 22, 2010.

26th Annual NABE Economic Policy Conference: Labor Markets and Monetary Policy. Speech by President Charles Evans to NABE Economic Policy Conference, Washington, D.C. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, March 9, 2010.

The Unemployment Gender Gap during the 2007 Recession. Sahin, Aysegul, Jospeh Song, and Bart Hobijn. Current Issues in Economics and Finance 16, No. 2. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, February 2010.

A Historical Look at the Labor Market During Recessions. Martínez-García, Enrique, and Janet Koech. Economic Letter 5, no. 1. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, January 2010.

This Recession's Effect on Employment: How It Stacks Up for Blacks, Whites, Men and Women. Wall, Howard J. Bridges. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Winter 2009–2010.

Job Separations, Heterogeneity, and Earnings Inequality. Amaral, Pedro S. Working Paper 09-10. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, December 2009.

Vacancies and Unemployment. DiCecio, Riccardo, and Charles S. Gascon. Economic Synopses 44. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, November 12, 2009.

A Look at Another Job Market Number. Robertson, John. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, October 14, 2009.

Alternative Measures of the Unemployment Rate. Tasci, Murat, and Beth Mowry. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, October 7, 2009.

Economic Troughs, Changes in the Unemployment Rate, and Fed Policy. Robertson, John. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, October 2, 2009.

The Incidence and Duration of Unemployment over the Business Cycle. Tasci, Murat, and Kyle Fee. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, September 1, 2009.

The U.S. Economy and the Employment Challenge. Speech by President Dennis P. Lockhart to the Chattanooga Area Chamber of Commerce, Chattanooga, Tenn. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, August 26, 2009.

Unemployment Rate: Count Me Surprised. Altig, David. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, July 23, 2009.

How Will Unemployment Fare Following the Recession? Knotek II, Edward S., and Stephen Terry. Economic Review. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Third Quarter 2009.

Are There Green Shoots in the Labor Market? Pitts, Melinda, and Menbere Shiferaw. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, June 8, 2009.

The Labor Market in this Downturn: A Historical Comparison. Mowry, Beth, and Murat Tasci. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, June 5, 2009.

Supply Shocks, Demand Shocks, and Labor Market Fluctuations. Braun, Helge, Reinout De Bock, and Riccardo DiCecio. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review 91, No. 3. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, May/June 2009.

Financial Stress: What Is It, How Can It Be Measured, and Why Does It Matter? Hakkio, Craig S., and William R. Keeton. Economic Review. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Second Quarter 2009.

A Look at Postrecession Employment Trends. Pitts, Melinda. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 17, 2009.

How Bad Is the Employment Picture, Really? Altig, David. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, February 13, 2009.

Higher Unemployment: Labor Force Effects versus Job Loss Effects. Hotchkiss, Julie. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, December 19, 2008.

The Recession in Pictorial Context. Altig, David. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, December 5, 2008.

Trend Unemployment and What It Says about Unemployment Patterns. Tasci, Murat, and Beth Mowry. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, September 19, 2008.

The Elasticity of the Unemployment Rate with Respect to Benefits. Christoffel, Kai, and Keith Kuester. Working Paper 08-15. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, August 11, 2008.

Will We Have Another "Jobless" Recovery? Bauer, Paul W. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, July 30, 2008.

Just When Did the Labor Market Begin to Soften? Yoonsoo, Lee, and Beth Mowry. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, July 8, 2008.

Gender Differences in Employment Statistics. Yoonsoo, Lee, and Beth Mowry. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. May 13, 2008.

The "Man-Cession" of 2008–2009: It's Big, but It's Not Great. Wall, Howard J. The Regional Economist. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, April 2008.

Does the Recent Trend in Labor Demand Presage Recession? Tasci, Murat, and Beth Mowry. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. March 24, 2008.

Positive and Normative Effects of a Minimum Wage. Rocheteau, Guillame, and Murat Tasci. Working Paper 08-01. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, February 2008.

An Expanded Look at Employment. Kleiesen, Kevin L. Economic Synopses 7. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2008.



Job Creation, Retention, and Workforce Development

Job creation and retention

Generating Jobs in Challenging Times: A Texas-Sized Story. Economic Development podcast series, Craig Richard with Elizabeth Sobel Blum. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, August 2012.

Job Creation Policies and the Great Recession. Neumark, David. FRBSF Economic Letter 2012-08. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, March 19, 2012.

How Many Jobs Does It Take? Introducing the Atlanta Fed's Jobs Calculator. Hotchkiss, Julie. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 2, 2012.

Can the Jobs Gap Be Filled through Temporary Public-sector Positions? Economic Development podcast series, Phillip Harvey with Keith Rolland. Podcast. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 2012.

Job Creation by Small and Large Firms over the Business Cycle. Tasci, Murat, and Emily Burgen. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, February 6, 2012.

Tax Relief? An Innovative Proposal to Nurture New Entrepreneurs. Economic Development podcast series, Bob Friedman with John Olson. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, February 2012.

Trash to Treasure: Turning Waste into Jobs. Economic Development podcast series, Nancey Green Leigh with Emily Mitchell. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, January 2012.

Retrofitting Institutions: Feeding Job Growth with Energy Hogs. Economic Development podcast series, Satya Rhodes-Conway and James Irwin with Jere Boyle. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, January 2012.

Training for Jobs in the Emerging Energy-Efficiency Industry. Rolland, Keith L. Cascade 79. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Winter 2012.

In Search of an Agenda for Job Creation. Robertson, John. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, December 21, 2011.

Regional Innovation: When the Sum Is Greater than the Parts. Economic Development podcast series, John Fernandez with Kausar Hamdani. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, December 2011.

Texas: What Makes Us Exceptional? Where Are We Vulnerable? Remarks by President Fisher to the Texas Economic Development Council Annual Conference, Dallas, Tex. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, October 6, 2011.

Harvest Initiative and Hunkpati Investments: Stirring up Economic Development on the Crow Creek Reservation. Gerber, Sandy. Community Dividend. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, October 2011.

Start-ups, Job Creation, and Financing. Lockhart, Dennis. EconSouth. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Fourth Quarter 2011.

Should CDFIs Join Your Job-Creation Team? Economic Development podcast series (second of a two-part series), Donna Gambrell with Joseph Firschein.  Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, August 2011.

Giving Credit Where It Is Due: CDFIs in LMI Communities. Economic Development podcast series (first of a two-part series), Donna Gambrell with Joseph Firschein. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, August 2011.

Why Aren't We Creating More Jobs? Romero, Jessie. Region Focus. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Third Quarter 2011.

View from the Top: New Perspectives on Familiar Concepts in Economic Development. Economic Development podcast series, Jeff Finkle with Heidi Kaplan. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, June 2011.

New Economy, New Roles: Economic Development Organizations and Jobs. Economic Development podcast series, Denny Coleman with Daniel Davis. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, May 2011.

Small Things Really Matter: The Important Role of Microenterprise in Job Creation. Economic Development podcast series, Connie Evans with Alicia Williams. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, April 2011.

On the Rebound: How Resurgent Cities Generate Jobs and Investment. Economic Development podcast series, Yolanda Kodrzycki with Todd Greene. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, November 2, 2010.

Are Economic Development Incentives Doing Their JOBZ? Mahon, Joe. Fedgazette. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, October 2010.

Sizing Up Job Creation. Davies, Phil. The Region. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, September 2010.

Three in One: Growing Jobs, Developing a Workforce, and Stabilizing Neighborhoods. Economic Development podcast series, Tony Cipollone with Odetta MacLeish-White. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, September 2010.

Counting on Quality Jobs: Transforming the Economic Development Landscape. Economic Development podcast series, Shari Garmise with Todd Greene. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, August 2010.

Jobs That Matter Most: Driving Economic Growth in New Orleans's Post Katrina Economy. Economic Development podcast series, Allison Plyer with Nancy Montoya. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, August 2010.

Revitalizing Urban Industrial Sectors: A Roadmap for Diversifying the Economic Base. Economic Development podcast series, Nancey Green Leigh with Todd Greene. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, July 2010.

The Recovery: Job Rich or Job Poor? Robertson, John, and Pedro Silos. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, June 3, 2010.

Tennessee: Focus Is on "Green" Jobs, Fast Track Service. Cowan, Kathy Moore. Bridges. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Spring 2010.

Partnership Creates Pipeline to Jobs for Louisville Residents. Weekly, Faith. Bridges. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Spring 2010.

Unaffordable Housing and Local Employment Growth. Chakrabarti, Ritashree, and Junfu Zhang. New England Public Policy Center Working Paper 10-3. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, March 2010.

Jobs in Springfield, Massachusetts: Understanding and Remedying the Causes of Low Resident Employment Rates. Kodrzycki, Yolanda K., Ana Patricia Muñoz, with Lynn Browne, DeAnna Green, Marques Benton, Prabal Chakrabarti, Richard Walker, and Bo Zhao. Public Policy Discussion Paper 09-11. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, February 8, 2010.

Closing the Deal: Effective Incentives during Fiscal Challenge. Economic Development podcast series, Reagan Farr with Todd Greene. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, January 2010.

The Establishment-Level Behavior of Vacancies and Hiring. Davis, Steven J., R. Jason Faberman, and John C. Haltiwanger. Working Paper 09-14. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, July 20, 2009.

Tax Credits for Job Creation and Retention: What Can We Learn from the States? Wilson, Daniel J., and Charles Notzon. FRBSF Economic Letter 2009-08. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, February 20, 2009.

Workforce development

Moving Skills from Low to High. Acero, Jorge A. Communities & Banking. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Fall 2012.

The Future of Workforce Development. Speech by President Dennis P. Lockhart to the Workforce Development Conference, Kansas City, Mo. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, September 20, 2012.

Taking the Pulse of Regional Low-Wage Workers. Quispe-Agnoli, Myriam, and Karen Leone de Nie. Partners Update. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, July/August 2012.

Spanning the Spectrum of Native Workforce Development. Wascalus, Jacob. Community Dividend. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, July 2012.

From Textiles to Turnaround: A Tale of Two Cities. Economic Development podcast series, Kim Zeuli with Ela Rausch. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, July 2012.

Community Development by the Numbers. Speech by President Sandra Pinalto to the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland 2012 Policy Summit, Cleveland, OH. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, June 28, 2012.

Power in Partnerships: Addressing Workforce Development Challenges. Economic Development podcast series, Damian Thorman with Tammy Edwards. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, June 2012.

Community Development and Education: A Shared Future. Choi, Laura. Community Investments. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Summer 2012.

The Widening Academic Achievement Gap between the Rich and the Poor. Reardon, Sean. Community Investments. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Summer 2012.

10 Things to Know about the Shape of Ohio’s Skilled Workforce. Dunne, Timothy, and Guhan Venkatu. Economic  Commentary. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, May 15, 2012.

Resilient Communities in a Resilient Economy. Speech by President Charles I. Plosser to the Reinventing Older Communities conference, Philadelphia, PA. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, May 9, 2012.

Technology, Unemployment and Workforce Development in a Rapidly Changing World. Speech by President Jeffrey M. Lacker to business and community leaders, Greensboro, NC. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, May 7, 2012.

Observations on Employment and Training at Impact Services. MacDonald, John. Cascade. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Spring/Summer 2012.

Nonprofit Focuses on Employment Training and Business and Community Development. Rolland, Keith L. Cascade. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Spring/Summer 2012.

Creating Value in Distressed Neighborhoods. Speech by President Sandra Pianalto to Neighborhood Housing Services of Greater Cleveland. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, February 10, 2012.

Energizing Native Economies: Tribes Build Corporate Governance to Spur Investment and Development. Woessner, Paula. Community Dividend. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, January 1, 2012.

Everything Must Change: Rethinking Workforce Development. Greene, Todd.  EconSouth. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, First Quarter 2012.

The National Fund for Workforce Solutions: The Impact and Challenges of Its Workforce Partnership Model. Dedrick, Fred. Cascade 79. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Winter 2012.

Training for Jobs in the Emerging Energy-Efficiency Industry. Rolland, Keith L. Cascade 79. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Winter 2012.

Getting School and Workforce Systems to Work Together. Sainz, Robert. Cascade 79. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Winter 2012.

Recent Trends in Neighborhood Poverty. Aliprantis, Dionissi, and Nelson Oliver. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, November 29, 2011.

Black-White Differences in Intergenerational Economic Mobility in the US. Mazumder, Bhash. Working Paper 2011-10. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, November 2011.

Workforce 2020: Uniting Business and Education in Rochester, Minnesota. Tefera, Wudase. Community Dividend. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, October 2011.

Workforce Development Partnership Serves Both Employers and Employees. Feldman, Cheryl. Cascade. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Fall 2011.

A Federal Perspective on Workforce Development Issues. Oates, Jane. Cascade 78. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Fall 2011.

Community-Based Rural Redevelopment through Simple, Local Actions: Been Down so Long It Looks Like Up to Me. Steele, Joanne. Bridges. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Fall 2011.

Measuring the Impact of Community Development: A Conversation with Paul Mattessich of Wilder Research. Rausch, Ela. Community Dividend. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, July 2011.

View from the Top: New Perspectives on Familiar Concepts in Economic Development. Economic Development podcast series, Jeff Finkle with Heidi Kaplan. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, June 29, 2011.

New Economy, New Roles: Economic Development Organizations and Jobs. Economic Development podcast series, Denny Coleman with Daniel Davis. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, May 18, 2011.

Understanding Permanent Black-White Earning Inequality. Badel, Alejandro. Working Paper 2010-047B. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, October 2010, revised December 2010.

Three in One: Growing Jobs, Developing a Workforce, and Stabilizing Neighborhoods. Economic Development podcast series, Tony Cippolone with Odetta MacLeish-White. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, September 22, 2010.

Economic Development in Underserved Communities. Conference papers by multiple presenters. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, September 9˗10, 2010.

Getting to Work: Community and Vocational Colleges Explore New Paradigms for Workforce Development. Economic Development podcast series, Dr. Rolando Montoya with Todd Greene. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, September 8, 2010.

Explaining Growth. Luttmer, Erzo. The Region. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, September 2010.

Jobs That Matter Most: Driving Economic Growth in New Orleans's Post Katrina Economy. Economic Development podcast series, Dr. Allison Plyer with Nancy Montoya. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, August 25, 2010.

Counting on Quality Jobs: Transforming the Economic Development Landscape. Economic Development podcast series, Dr. Shari Garmise with Todd Greene. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, August 4, 2010.

The Economics of Income Inequality: Economic Growth and Incentives. Research Insights podcast series, Steven E. Landsburg. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, June 2010.

Arkansas: An Integrated Workforce Development Strategy. Haralson, Lyn E. Bridges. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Spring 2010.

Career Readiness Certificate Measures Essential Skills. Haralson, Lyn E. Bridges. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Spring 2010.

Illinois: A Holistic Approach to Workforce Development. Morrisseau-Kuni, Jean B. Bridges. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Spring 2010.

Learning to Grow: Training Opportunities and Building Capacity. Morrisseau-Kuni, Jean B. Bridges. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Spring 2010.

When It Comes to Workforce, States Matter. Pack, Andrew A. Bridges. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Spring 2010.

Partnership Creates Pipeline to Jobs for Louisville Residents. Weekly, Faith. Bridges. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Spring 2010.

Accelerated Job Training Seen as Key to Missouri's Recovery. Wolfington, Eileen. Bridges. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Spring 2010.

Unaffordable Housing and Local Employment Growth. Chakrabarti, Ritashree, and Junfu Zhang. New England Public Policy Center Working Paper 10-3. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, March 2010.

Getting to the Bottom of Texas' Latino Pay Gap. Orrenius, Pia, Madeline Zavodny, and Emily Kerr. Southwest Economy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Fourth Quarter 2009.

Retraining Displaced U.S. Workers. Engemann, Kristie M. Liber8 Economic Information Newsletter. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, September 2009.

Credit and Self-Employment. Akyol, Ahmet, and Athreya, Kartik. Working Paper 09-05. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, April 8, 2009.

Gearing Up for Green Jobs: What Can We Expect? Youtie, Jan. Partners in Community and Economic Development 19, No. 1. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 2009.

Strategies for Improving Economic Mobility of Workers: A Conference Report. Toussaint-Comeau, Maude. Profitwise News and Views. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, September 2008.

Insurance and Wealth Building among Lower-income Households. Coussens, Michelle, and Robin Newberger. Chicago Fed Letter 251. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, June 2008.

Economic Development Trends. EconSouth Now podcast series, Todd Greene. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, May 2008.

Neighborhoods That Don't Work. Rodean, Allison K., and Christopher H. Wheeler. The Regional Economist. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, April 2008.

Southern States Ply the Art of the Deal. Davidson, Charles. EconSouth. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, First Quarter 2008.


Industries

Health care

The Doctor Is In: Economic Development Strategies in Health Care. Economic Development podcast series, Dr. Ricardo Azziz with Paige Dennard. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, December 2011.

Examining Health Care Employment: The Prognosis Is Good. Condon, Nancy. EconSouth. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Third Quarter 2011.

Texas Service Sector Outlook Survey: Completing the Regional Economic Picture. Cañas, Jesus, and Emily Kerr. Southwest Economy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Second Quarter 2011.

Healthy Workforce=Competitive Advantage. Economic Development podcast series, Dr. Rhonda Medows with Kyan Bishop. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 2011.

Ready to Work? The Long Term Impact of Child Health on Economic Development. Economic Development podcast series, Dr. Jay Berkelhamer with Ana Cruz-Taura. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, February 2011.

The Intersection of Medical Training and Economic Development . Economic Development podcast series, Dr. Wayne J. Riley with Jessica Farr. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, February 2011.

Who Will Treat the Sick? Emerging Trends in the Hospital Based Workforce. Economic Development podcast series, Dr. Stephen Newman with Paige Dennard. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, January 2011.

Child Health and Future Success. Grunewald, Rob. The Region. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, December 2010.

An Overview of the Healthcare System. Shenk, Michael. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, April 7, 2009.

Manufacturing

Manufacturing Employment: A Longer View. Chriszt, Mike. SouthPoint. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, May 18, 2012.

Technology, Unemployment and Workforce Development in a Rapidly Changing World. Speech by President Jeffrey M. Lacker to business and community leaders, Greensboro, NC. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, May 7, 2012.

Desperately Seeking Workers in the Oil Patch. Davies, Phil. Fedgazette. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, April 2012.

The Transformation of Manufacturing across Federal Reserve Districts: Success for the Great Plains? Wilkerson, Chad R., and Megan D. Williams. Economic Review. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Second Quarter 2012.

Tracking Jobs in Clean Industries in New England. Gittell, Ross, and Josh Stillwagon. New England Economic Indicators. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Third Quarter 2011.

Why Are Manufacturers Struggling to Hire High-Skilled Workers? Lombardi, Britton, and William A. Testa. Chicago Fed Letter 289. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, August 2011.

The Case of the Disappearing Large-Employer Manufacturing Plants: Not Much of a Mystery After All. Holmes, Thomas J. Economic Policy Paper 11-4. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, July 2011.

Not Your Father's Factory Job: Manufacturing and Economic Development. Economic Development podcast series, Jay Moon with Teresa Cheeks Wilson. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, May 2011.

Recent Manufacturing Employment Growth. Fee, Kyle. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, June 3, 2010.

Tennessee: Focus Is on "Green" Jobs, Fast Track Service. Cowan, Kathy Moore. Bridges. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Spring 2010.

Automotive Industry Outlook: Understanding Work Force Programs (Special Issue). Lavelle, Martin, and Britton Lombardi. Chicago Fed Letter 273a. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, April 2010.

Maquiladora Employment New Data Confirm Pickup in Juárez Factory Jobs. Coronado, Roberto, and Jesus Cañas. Southwest Economy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Second Quarter 2010.

Employment Loss in Ohio's Manufacturing Industry. Fee, Kyle. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, March 30, 2009.

Manufacturing Employment. Lee, Yoonsoo, and Beth Mowry. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, January 29, 2008.

Small business

Job Gains and Losses at Large and Small Firms during the Great Recession. Sánchez, Juan M., and Lowell R. Ricketts. The Regional Economist. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, July 2012.

Firm Size and Employment Dynamics in Recessions and Recoveries. Kong, Yu-Chien, and Juan M. Sanchez. Economic Synopses 16. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, June 22, 2012.

Measuring Small Business Employment over the Business Cycle. Burgen, Emily, and Dionissi Aliprantis. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, May 22, 2012.

Job Creation by Small Firms: Age Matters. Robertson, John. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, November 18, 2011.

Start-ups, Job Creation, and Bank Financing. Speech by President Dennis P. Lockhart to the Conference on Small Business and Entrepreneurship during an Economic Recovery, Washington, DC. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, November 10, 2011.

The New Firm Employment Puzzle. Robertson, John. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, August 18, 2011.

Should CDFIs Join Your Job-Creation Team? Economic Development podcast series (second of a two-part series), Donna Gambrell with Joseph Firschein. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, August 2011.

Financing Constraints and Unemployment: Evidence from the Great Recession. Duygan-Bump, Burcu, Alexey Levkov, and Judit Montoriol-Garriga. Working Paper QAU10-6. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, October 8, 2010, revised June 15, 2011.

Small Things Really Matter: The Important Role of Microenterprise in Job Creation. Economic Development podcast series, Connie Evans with Alicia Williams. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, April 2011.

The Role of Small Business in the Economic Recovery of Low-Mod-Income Neighborhoods. Conference. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, March 23, 2011.

Small Businesses in Springfield, Massachusetts: A Look at Latino Entrepreneurship. Muñoz, Ana Patricia, Lynn Browne, Sol Carbonell, Prabal Chakrabarti, DeAnna Green, Yolanda K. Kodrzycki, Anna Steiger, Richard Walker, and Bo Zhao. Community Development Discussion Paper 2011-02. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, March 2011.

A New Way to Talk About Small Business: The Time Has Come for a Common Language. Douglas, Penelope and Lauren Friedman Dixon. Community Development Working Paper 2011-02. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, February 2011.

Small Business, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Recovery: A Focus on Job Creation and Economic Stabilization. Conference. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, October 26–27, 2010.

The Big Impact of Small Business. Davidson, Charles. EconSouth. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Fourth Quarter 2010.

Small Businesses Are the Engine of Job Growth…or Is the Story More Complicated? Robertson, John. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, September 30, 2010.

Sizing Up Job Creation. Davies, Phil. The Region. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, September 2010.

More on Small Businesses and Jobs. Altig, Dave. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 24, 2010.

Prospects for a Small Business-fueled Employment Recovery. Pitts, Melinda. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, October 6, 2009.

Self-employment and entrepreneurship

Job Gains and Losses at Large and Small Firms during the Great Recession. Sánchez, Juan M., and Lowell R. Ricketts. The Regional Economist. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, July 2012.

Self-Employment an Option for Workers Who Lose Jobs in Economic Slowdowns. Kumar, Anil, and Michael Weiss. Southwest Economy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Second Quarter 2012.

The State(s) of Entrepreneurship. Wirtz, Ron. Fedgazette Roundup. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, April 18, 2012.

Job Creation by Small and Large Firms over the Business Cycle. Tasci, Murat, and Emily Burgen. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, February 6, 2012.

Tax Relief? An Innovative Proposal to Nurture New Entrepreneurs. Economic Development podcast series, Bob Friedman with John Olson. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, February 2012.

Anatomy of the Measurement Problem. Wirtz, Ronald A. Fedgazette. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, January 25, 2012.

Self-employed: To Be, or Not to Be. Wirtz, Ronald A. Fedgazette. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, January 25, 2012.

Start-ups, Job Creation, and Financing. Lockhart, Dennis. EconSouth. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Fourth Quarter 2011.

Cage Match: Entrepreneurs vs. the Recession. Wirtz, Ronald A. Fedgazette. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, July 2011.

Self-employment as Economic Development Strategy: What Does It Mean for Metro and Nonmetro Counties in the Southeastern United States? Partners Update. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, May/June 2011.

Self-Employment in the Global Economy. Díez, Federico J., and Ali K. Ozdagli. Working Paper 11-5. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, revised April 2011.

The Great Recession's Effect on Entrepreneurship. Shane, Scott. Economic Commentary 2011-04. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, March 24, 2011.

Fact or Fallacy: Can Self Employment Improve Economic Opportunities for Low Skilled Workers? Economic Development podcast series, Dr. Magnus Lofstrom with Alicia Robb. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, December 2010.

Entrepreneurs of Necessity. Robertson, John. Macroblog. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, November 9, 2010.

Starting up When the Economy's Down: A Snapshot of Minnesota's New Entrepreneurs. Kokodoko, Michou. Community Dividend. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, July 2010.

Kentucky: Strategy Promotes Entrepreneurship. Weekly, Faith. Bridges. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Spring 2010.

Credit and Self-Employment. Akyol, Ahmet, and Athreya, Kartik. Working Paper 09-05. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, April 8, 2009.



Education

Early childhood

Early Childhood Education. Speech by Chairman Ben Bernanke via prerecorded video at the Children’s Defense Fund National Conference, Cincinnati, OH. Federal Reserve Board of Governors, July 24, 2012.

Infrastructure Investment Begins with Children. Pardee, Mav. Communities & Banking. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Spring 2012.

Impact of the Great Recession on Public Schools in the Region. Remarks by President William C. Dudley at the Quarterly Regional Economic Press Briefing, New York, NY. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, January 27, 2012.

Early Childhood Education: Springfield Tackles a Benchmark. Sege, Irene. Communities & Banking 23, no. 1. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Winter 2012.

When Should Children Start School? Aliprantis, Dionissi. Working Paper 11-26. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, October 2011.

Babies, Brains, and Abilities. Nash, Betty Joyce. Region Focus. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Fourth Quarter 2011.

Stop Investing in Stadiums...Start Investing in Kids. Interview with Art Rollnick by Mark Sniderman. Forefront. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, October 6, 2010.

An Early Childhood Investment with a High Public Return. Grunewald, Rob, and Arthur J. Rolnick. The Regional Economist. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, July 2010.

Early Childhood Education, Economic Development, and the Business Community. Speech by President Dennis P. Lockhart to the University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, October 22, 2009.

How and Why Does Age at Kindergarten Entry Matter? Cascio, Elizabeth. FRBSF Economic Letter 2008-24. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, August 8, 2008.

K–12

The Widening Academic Achievement Gap between the Rich and the Poor. Reardon, Sean. Community Investments. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Summer 2012.

Impact of the Great Recession on Public Schools in the Region. Remarks by President William C. Dudley at the Quarterly Regional Economic Press Briefing, New York City. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, January 27, 2012.

Unintended Consequences in School Accountability Policies. Chakrabarti, Rajashri, and Noah Schwartz. Liberty Street Economics blog. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, November 28, 2011.

Incentives and Responses under No Child Left Behind: Credible Threats and the Role of Competition. Chakrabarti, Rajashri. Staff Reports 525. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, November 2011.

Out-of-School Suspensions and Parental Involvement in Children's Education. Canon, Maria E. Working Paper 2011-022A. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, September 2011.

Are Charter Schools Draining Private School Enrollment? Chakrabarti, Rajashri, Joydeep Roy, and Elizabeth Setren. Liberty Street Economics blog. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, August 24, 2011.

¡Ándale Pues! Get On with Advancing Hispanic Prosperity Through Education. Fisher, Richard W. Remarks by President Fisher to the Hispanic Economic Experience Conference, Dallas, Tex. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, June 16, 2011.

Ready to Work? The Long Term Impact of Child Health on Economic Development. Economic Development podcast series, Dr. Jay Berkelhamer with Ana Cruz-Taura. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, February 2011.

Do Charter Schools Crowd Out Private School Enrollment? Evidence from Michigan. Chakrabarti, Rajashri, and Joydeep Roy. Staff Reports 472. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, September 2010, revised February 2011.

Educational Opportunity: Does Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Hurt Nearby Schools? Di, Wenhua, and James C. Murdoch. Southwest Economy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, First Quarter 2011.

On the Record: PISA Results Shed New Light on U.S. Education Debate. Taylor, Lori. Southwest Economy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, First Quarter 2011.

Charter School Tax Credit: Investing in Human Capital. Galloway, Ian. Working Paper 2010-08. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, December 2010.

Redshirting, Compulsory Schooling Laws, and Educational Attainment. Aliprantis, Dionissi. Working Paper 10-12. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, September 2010.

On the Record: Why Hispanic Education Deficits Persist. Fry, Richard. Southwest Economy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, First Quarter 2010.

Early Childhood Education.Martinek, Christopher J. Liber8 Economic Information Newsletter. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, October 2009.

School Vouchers: The Right Choice or Wrong Policy for Improving Our Schools? Armesto, Michelle T. Liber8 Economic Information Newsletter. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, August 2008.

Impact of Voucher Design on Public School Performance: Evidence from Florida and Milwaukee Voucher Programs. Chakrabarti, Rajashri. Staff Report 315. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, January 2008.

The Impact of LIHTC Program on Local Schools. Di, Wenhua, and James C. Murdoch. Working Paper 1006. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, 2010.

School Vouchers and Student Achievement: Recent Evidence, Remaining Questions. Barrow, Lisa, and Cecilia Elena Rouse. Working Paper 2008-08. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, August 6, 2008.

Postsecondary

Delaying Enrollment and College Completion. James, Jonathan. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, September 4, 2012.

The College Wage Premium. James, Jonathan. Economic Commentary. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, August 8, 2012.

Careers in Firms: Estimating a Model of Learning, Job Assignment, and Human Capital Acquisition. Pastorino, Elena. Staff Report 469. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, July 24, 2012.

Are New Graduates Left Behind in a Recession? Sablik, Tim. Region Focus. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Second/Third Quarter 2012.

Neighborhood Dynamics and the Distribution of Opportunity. Aliprantis, Dionissi, and Daniel Carroll. Working Paper 12-12. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, May 2012.

College Degrees: Why Aren't More People Making the Investment? Canon, Maria E., and Charles S. Gascon. The Regional Economist. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, April 2012.

Is Intergenerational Economic Mobility Lower Now Than in the Past? Mazumder, Bhashkar. Chicago Fed Letter 297. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, April 2012.

Educational Attainment and Earnings. Aliprantis, Dionissi, and Margaret Jacobson. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, March 7, 2012.

Starting Off on the Wrong Foot: Early Careers and High Unemployment. James, Jonathan. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, March 2, 2012.

Keys to Growth for the Nation and the Region. Pianalto, Sandra. Speech by President Sandra Pianalto to the City Club of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, March 1, 2012.

Recession's Impact on the Workforce. EconSouth Now podcast series, Nicole Smith with Tom Heintjes. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, March 2012.

Credentials That Work: Innovations in Labor Market Information. Dorrer, John, Myriam Milfort, and Jeremy Kelley. Communities & Banking. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Spring 2012.

Workforce Skills across the Urban-Rural Hierarchy. Abel, Jaison R., Todd M. Gabe, and Kevin Stolarick. Staff Report 552. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, February 2012.

Lifetime Labor Supply and Human Capital Investment. Manuelli, Rodolfo E., Ananth Seshardi, and Yongseok Shin. Working Paper 2012-004A. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, February 2012.

Getting School and Workforce Systems to Work Together. Sainz, Robert. Cascade 79. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Winter 2012.

Asset-Building Strategies in Community Colleges. Gunter, Julie. Banking and Community Perspectives 1. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, 2012.

Higher Education and the Economy. Speech by President Eric S. Rosengren to the New England Board of Higher Education's "New England Works" Summit on Bridging Higher Education and the Workforce, Boston, Mass. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, November 7, 2011.

The Growing Difference in College Attainment between Women and Men. Aliprantis, Dionissi, Timothy Dunne, and Kyle Fee. Economic Commentary. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, October 18, 2011.

Ability Matching and Occupational Choice. James, Jonathan. Working Paper 11-25. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, October 2011.

Polarization, Immigration, Education: What's behind the Dramatic Decline in Youth Employment? Smith, Christopher L. Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2011-41. Federal Reserve Board, October 2011.

Workforce 2020: Uniting Business and Education in Rochester, Minnesota. Tefera, Wudase. Community Dividend. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, October 2011.

The Role of Schools in the Production of Achievement. Canon, Maria E. Working Paper 2010-042B. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, revised September 2011.

Belief Updating among College Students: Evidence from Experimental Variation in Information. Wiswall, Matthew, and Basit Zafar. Staff Reports 516. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, September 2011.

Spotlight on Research: The Economic Benefit of a Community College Education. Smith, Marvin M. Cascade. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Fall 2011.

Interview: Derek Neal. Region Focus 15, no. 3. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Third Quarter 2011.

Raising the College Degree Share: How Nongraduates Figure Into It. Whitaker, Stephan. Economic Commentary 2011-09. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, June 7, 2011.

Determinants of College Major Choice: Identification Using an Information Experiment. Wiswall, Matthew, and Basit Zafar. Staff Reports 500. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, June 2011.

Educational Attainment and Employment. Aliprantis, Dionissi, and Mary Zenker. Economic Trends. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, March 2, 2011.

Do Colleges and Universities Increase Their Region's Human Capital? Abel, Jaison R., and Richard Deitz. Staff Report 401. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, revised March 2011.

The Intersection of Medical Training and Economic Development . Economic Development podcast series, Dr. Wayne J. Riley with Jessica Farr. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, February 2011.

The Role of Colleges and Universities in Building Local Human Capital. Abel, Jaison R., and Richard Deitz. Current Issues in Economics and Finance 17, no. 6. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2011.

Degrees of Job Security. Chung, Wonho, Phil Davies, and Terry J. Fitzgerald. The Region. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, December 2010.

The Role of Technical and Vocational Schools in Easing Job Skills Mismatch. Economic Development podcast series, James King with Todd Greene. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, November 17, 2010.

Taxes, Wages and Human Capital. Clement, Douglas. The Region. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, September 2010.

Taxation of Human Capital and Wage Inequality: A Cross-Country Analysis. Guvenen, Fatih, Burhanettin Kuruscu, and Serdar Ozkan. Staff Report. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, September 2010.

Education Wage Gap. Research Insights podcast series, Julie Hotchkiss. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, September 2010.

The Importance of Community Colleges to the Tenth District Economy. Felix, Alison, and Adam Pope. Economic Review. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Third Quarter 2010.

Paying for Performance: The Education Impacts of a Community College Scholarship Program for Low-income Adults. Barrow, Lisa, Thomas Brock, Lashawn Richburg-Hayes, and Cecilia Elena Rouse. Working Paper 2009-13. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, revised March 2010.

Human Capital and Economic Activity in Urban America. Abel, Jaison R., and Todd M. Gabe. Staff Report 332. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, revised February 2010.

Community Colleges and Economic Mobility. Kolesnikova, Natalia A. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, January/February 2010.

The Return to Education Isn't Calculated Easily. Kolesnikova, Natalia A. The Regional Economist. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, January 2010.

Retraining Displaced U.S. Workers.Engemann, Kristie M. Liber8 Economic Information Newsletter. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, September 2009.

The Changing Role of Community Colleges. Kolesnikova, Natalia A. Bridges. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Fall 2009.

Education and Earnings. Smith, Douglas C. Liber8 Economic Information Newsletter. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, August 2009.

College Pays Dividends—More So in Texas than U.S. Kumar, Anil. Southwest Economy. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Second Quarter 2009.

Community Colleges: A Route of Upward Economic Mobility. Kolesnikova, Natalia. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, March 2009.

Lasting Connections: Using Internships to Retain Recent College Graduates in New England. Sasser, Alicia. New England Public Policy Center Policy Brief 09-3. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, March 2009.

College Major Choice and the Gender Gap. Zafar, Basit. Staff Report 364. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, February 2009.

Factors Affecting the Supply of Recent College Graduates in New England. Sasser, Alicia. New England Public Policy Center Policy Brief 09-1. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, January 2009.

Community Colleges: Not So Junior Anymore. Kolesnikova, Natalia A., and Luke Shimek. The Regional Economist. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, October 2008.

The Future of the Skilled Labor Force in New England: The Supply of Recent College Graduates. Sasser, Alicia. New England Public Policy Center Research Report 08-1. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, September 2008.

The College as Community-Based Organization. Andrews, Todd. Communities & Banking. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Fall 2008.

From Community College to a Bachelor's Degree and Beyond: How Smooth Is the Road? Kolesnikova, Natalia. The Regional Economist. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, April 2008.