Bureau of Economics: Working Papers
FTC Bureau of Economics Working Papers are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The analyses and conclusions set forth are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of other members of the Bureau of Economics, other Commission staff, or the Commission itself. References in publications to FTC Bureau of Economics Working Papers by FTC economists (other than acknowledgment by a writer that he has access to such unpublished materials) should be cleared with the author to protect the tentative character of these papers.
Working Papers are in Acrobat PDF form. If you have trouble accessing one of these papers, please email ReportRequests@ftc.gov
2009
Working Paper No. 297(abstract)
The Evolution of the Baby Food Industry 2000-2008
Viola Chen, April 2009
Working Paper No. 296 (abstract)
The Success of Divestitures in Merger Enforcement: Evidence from the J&J-Pfizer Transaction
Steven Tenn, John M. Yun, April 2009
Working Paper No. 295 (abstract)
The Effect of Hospital Mergers on Inpatient Prices: A Case Study of the New Hanover-Cape Fear Transaction
Aileen Thompson, January 2009
Working Paper No. 294 (abstract)
Two Hospital Mergers on Chicago’s North Shore: A Retrospective Study
Deborah Haas-Wilson, Christopher Garmon, January 2009
2008
Working Paper No. 293 (abstract)
The Price Effects of Hospital Mergers: A Case Study of the Sutter-Summit Transaction
Steven Tenn, November 2008
Working Paper No. 292 (abstract)
The Role of Education in the Production of Health: An Empirical Analysis of Smoking Behavior
Steven Tenn, Douglas A. Herman, Brett Wendling, June 2008
2007
Working Paper No. 291 (abstract)
Vertical Relationships and Competition in Retail Gasoline Markets: Comment
Christopher T. Taylor,
Nicholas Kreisle,
Paul R. Zimmerman, September 2007
Working Paper No. 290 (abstract)
Retail Gasoline Pricing: What Do We Know?
Daniel Hosken, Robert McMillan, Christopher Taylor,
May 2007; Revised February 2008 (Forthcoming, International Journal of Industrial Organization)
Working Paper No. 289 (abstract)
Slow Market Adjustment to Tax Changes: Evidence from the Market for Used Wide-body Commercial Aircraft
Loren K. Smith,
May 2007
Working Paper No. 288 (abstract)
Consumer Perceptions of Heart-Health Claims for Cooking Oils and Vegetable Oil Spreads
R. Dennis Murphy,
Pauline M. Ippolito,
Janis K. Pappalardo, April 2007
Working Paper No. 287 (abstract)
Biases in Demand Analysis Due to Variation in Retail Distribution
Steven Tenn and John Yun, February 2007(Published, International Journal of Industrial Organization)
2006
Working Paper No. 286 (abstract)
Sometimes it's Better to Just Let them Shirk
David J. Balan, October 2006
Working Paper No. 285 (abstract)
Hospital Competition and Charity Care
Christopher Garmon, October 2006
Working Paper No. 284 (abstract)
Technological Tying
Daniel E. Gaynor, August 2006
Working Paper No. 283 (abstract)
Revised: November 2006
Prices and Price Dispersion in Online and Offline Markets for Contact Lenses
James C. Cooper, April 2006
Working Paper No. 282 (abstract)
One Lump or Two: Unitary Versus Bifurcated Measures of Injury at the USITC
Kenneth H. Kelly and Morris E. Morkre, March 2006 (Published in the Economic Inquiry)
Working Paper 281 (abstract)
The Value of a Second Bite at the Apple: The Effect of Patent Dispute Settlements on Entry and Consumer Welfare
Joel Schrag, January 2006
2005
Working Paper 280 (abstract)
Dynamics and Equilibrium in a Structural Model of Commercial Aircraft Ownership
Loren Smith, December 2005
Working Paper 279 (abstract)
Identity Theft: Does the Risk Vary With Demographics?
Keith Anderson, August 2005 (Published, Journal of Public Policy and Marketing)
Working Paper 278 (abstract)
Michigan Gasoline Pricing and the Marathon - Ashland and Ultramar Diamond Shamrock Transaction
John Simpson and Christopher T. Taylor, July 2005 (Published as Do Gasoline Mergers Affect Consumers' Prices? The Marathon Ashland and UDS Transaction in Journal of Law and Economics)
Working Paper 277 (abstract)
Consumer Perceptions of Qualified Health Claims in Advertising
R. Dennis Murphy, July 2005
Working Paper 276 (abstract)
Quantity Discounts from Risk Averse Sellers
Patrick J. DeGraba, April 2005 [PDF 230KB]
Working Paper 275 (abstract)
A Variance Screen For Collusion
Rosa M. Abrantes-Metz, Luke M. Froeb, John F. Geweke, Christopher T. Taylor, March 2005 (Published in International Journal of Industrial Organization) [PDF 954KB]
2004
Working Paper 274 (abstract)
Pharmaceutical Development Phases: A Duration Analysis,
Rosa M. Abrantes-Metz, Christopher P. Adams, and Albert Metz, October 2004 ] (Published in Journal of Pharmaceutical Finance, Economics, and Policy) [PDF 351KB]
Working Paper 273 (abstract)
Can Ranking Hospitals on the Basis of Patients’ Travel Distances Improve Quality of Care?,
Daniel P. Kessler. June 2004 [PDF 75KB]
Working Paper 272 (abstract)
Identifying Demand in EBay Auctions,
Christopher P. Adams. June 2004 (Published, International Journal of Industrial Organization) [PDF 259KB]
Working Paper 271 (abstract)
The Economics of Price Zones and Territorial Restrictions in Gasoline Marketing,
David W. Meyer, Jeffrey H. Fischer. March 2004 [PDF 125KB]
Working Paper 270 (abstract)
The Economic Effects of the Marathon - Ashland Joint Venture: The Importance of Industry Supply Shocks and Vertical Market Structure,
Christopher T. Taylor, Daniel S. Hosken, March 17, 2004 (Published, Journal of Industrial Economics) [PDF 397KB]
Working Paper 269 (abstract)
The Union Pacific/Southern Pacific Rail Merger: A Retrospective on Merger Benefits,
Denis A. Breen, March 11, 2004 (Published in the Review of Network Economics) [PDF 702KB]
Working Paper 268 (abstract)
Is It Always Optimal to “Sell the Firm” to a Risk-Neutral Agent?,
Christopher P. Adams, February 2004 [PDF 202KB]
Working Paper 267 (abstract)
Quantifying Antitrust Regimes,
Michael W. Nicholson, February 2004 (Published, Erasmus Law and Economics Review) [PDF 280KB]
2003
Working Paper 266 (abstract) (web supplement)
Bargaining, Bundling, and Clout: The Portfolio Effects of Horizontal Mergers,
Daniel P. O'Brien and Greg Shaffer, December 2003 (Published in RAND Journal of Economics) [PDF 278KB]
Working Paper 265 (abstract)
Reconciling the Off -Net Cost Pricing Principle with Efficient Network Utilization,
Patrick DeGraba, October, 2003 (Published in Information Economics and Policy) [PDF 150KB]
Working Paper 264 (abstract)
Estimating Promotional Effects with Retailer-Level Scanner Data,
Steven Tenn, September 2003 (Published as Avoiding Aggregation Bias in Demand Estimation: A Multivariate Promotional Disaggregation Approach in Quantitative Marketing and Economics) [PDF 198KB]
Working Paper 263 (abstract)
Experimental Gasoline Markets,
Cary A. Deck and Bart J. Wilson, August 2003 (Published in Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization) [PDF 363KB]
Working Paper 262 (abstract)
New Drug Development: Estimating Entry from Human Clinical Trials,
Christopher P. Adams & Van V. Brantner, July 2003 (Published as Estimating the Cost of New Drug Development: Is it really $802m? in Health Affairs) [PDF 190KB]
Working Paper 261(abstract)
Resource Allocation Contests: Experimental Evidence,
David Schmidt, Robert Shupp, James Walker, July 2003 [PDF 190KB]
Working Paper 260 (abstract)
Volume Discounts, Loss Leaders, and Competition for More Profitable Customers,
Patrick DeGraba, February 2003 (Published as The Loss Leader is a Turkey: Targeted Discounts from Multi-product Competitors in International Journal of Industrial Organization) [PDF 53KB]
Working Paper 259 (abstract)
Moral Hazard and Renegotiation: Multi-Period Robustness,
Abraham L. Wickelgren, April 2003 [PDF 249KB]
Working Paper 258 (abstract)
How Many Bottles Makes a Case Against Prohibition? Online Wine and Virginia's Direct Shipment Ban,
Alan Wiseman and Jerry Ellig, March 2003 (Published as Market and Non-Market Barriers to Internet Wine Sales: The Case of Virginia in Business and Politics) [PDF 122KB]
Working Paper 257 (abstract)
Focusing on Demand: Using eBay Data to Analyze the Demand for Telescopes,
Christopher P. Adams and Laura L. Bivins, January 2003 [PDF 148KB]
Working Paper 256 (abstract)
Have Lazear-Style Implicit Contracts Disappeared?,
David J. Balan, January 2003 [PDF 402KB]
Working Paper 255 (abstract)
Agent Discretion, Adverse Selection and the Risk-Incentive Trade-Off,
Christopher P. Adams, December 2002 [PDF 199K]
Working Paper 254 (abstract)
A Critical Analysis of Critical Loss Analysis,
Daniel P. O’Brien and Abraham L. Wickelgren, January 2003 (Published in Antitrust Law Journal) [PDF 236K]
Working Paper 253 (abstract)
Competition Among Hospitals, Martin Gaynor and William Vogt, January 2003 (Published in RAND Journal of Economics) [PDF 314KB]
2002
Working Paper 252 (abstract)
Does Size Really Matter? Empirical Evidence on Group Incentives,
Christopher P. Adams, October 2002 (Published as Optimal Team Incentives with CES Production in Economic Letters) [PDF 183KB]
Working Paper 251 (abstract)
Efficient Inter-carrier Compensation for Competing Networks When Customers Share the Value of a Call,
Patrick DeGraba, September 2002 (Published in Journal of Economics and Management Strategy) [PDF 205KB]
Working Paper 250 (abstract)
Intellectual Property Rights, Internalization and Technology Transfer,
Michael W. Nicholson, July 2002 [PDF 226KB]
Working Paper 249 (abstract)
Price and Quality Relationships in Local Service Industries, R. Dennis Murphy, June 2002 [PDF 251KB]
Working Paper 248 (abstract)
Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, David Reiffen and Michael R. Ward, February 2002 (Published in Review of Economics and Statistics) [PDF 355KB]
Working Paper 247 (abstract)
Selection of "High Performance Work Systems" in U.S. Manufacturing,
Christopher P. Adams, March 2002 [PDF 212KB]
Working Paper 246 (abstract)
Demand System Estimation and its Application To Horizontal Merger Analysis,
Daniel Hosken, Daniel O’Brien, David Scheffman, and Michael Vita, April 2002 (Published in "Econometrics: Legal, Practical, and Technical Issues", American Bar Association Section of Antitrust Law) [PDF 521KB]
Working Paper 245 (abstract)
The Welfare Effects of Third Degree Price Discrimination In Intermediate Good Markets: The Case of Bargaining,
Daniel P. O'Brien, January 2002 [PDF 273KB]
2001
Working Paper 244 (abstract)
The Effect of Offer Verifiability on the Relationship Between Auctions and Multilateral Negotiations,
Charles J. Thomas and Bart J. Wilson, November 2001 (Published in Economic Journal) [PDF 300KB]
Working Paper 243 (abstract)
Evidence on Mergers and Acquisitions,
Paul A. Pautler, September 2001 (Published in The Antitrust Bulletin) [PDF 5.2MB]
Working Paper 242 (abstract)
Collusion and Optimal Reserve Prices in Repeated Procurement Auctions,
Charles J. Thomas, July 2001(Published as Using Reserve Prices to Deter Collusion in Procurement Auctions in Journal of Industrial Economics) [PDF 486KB]
Working Paper 241 (abstract)
The Use of Exclusive Contracts to Deter Entry, John Simpson and Abraham Wickelgren, June 2001 [PDF 52KB]
Working Paper 240 (abstract)
The Economic Effects of Withdrawn Antidumping Investigations: Is There Evidence of Collusive Settlements,
Christopher T. Taylor, August 2001 (Published in Journal of International Economics) [PDF 57KB]
Working Paper 239 (abstract)
Moral Hazard, Mergers, and Market Power,
Abraham L. Wickelgren, June 2001 (Published as Managerial Incentives and the Price Effects of Mergers in Journal of Industrial Economics) [PDF 750KB]
Working Paper 238 (abstract)
Targeted Consumer Information and Prices: The Private and Social Gains to Matching Consumers with Products,
David Reiffen, April 2001(Published in Journal of Industrial Economics as “The Effect Of Group Size And Asymmetries On The Incentive To Reveal Group-Specific Information") [PDF 228KB]
Working Paper 237 (abstract)
Geographic Markets in Hospital Mergers: A Case Study,
John Simpson, January 2001 (Published in International Journal of the Economics of Business) [PDF 77KB]
Working Paper 236 (abstract)
Publicity and the Optimal Punitive Damage Multiplier,
John M. Yun, January 2001 (Published in International Review of Law and Economics) [PDF 104KS]
2000
Working Paper 235 (abstract)
The Effect of Exit on Entry Deterrence,
Abraham L. Wickelgren, December 2000 (Published, Games and Economic Behavior)[PDF 102KB]
Working Paper 234 (abstract)
Optimal Agency Relationships in Search Markets,
Christopher Curran and Joel Schrag, October 2000 [PDF 148KB]
Working Paper 233 (abstract)
Innovation, Market Structure and the Holdup Problem: Investment Incentives and Coordination,
Abraham L. Wickelgren, August 2000 (Published in the International Journal of Industrial Organization) [PDF 190KB]
Working Paper 232 (abstract)
Import Competition and Market Power: Canadian Evidence,
Aileen J. Thompson, July 2000 [PDF 107KB]
Working Paper 231 (abstract)
A Comparison of Auctions and Multilateral Negotiations,
Charles J. Thomas and Bart J. Wilson, July 2000 (Published in RAND Journal of Economics) [PDF 330KB]
Working Paper 230 (abstract)
How Do Retailers Adjust Prices?: Evidence from Store-Level Data,
Daniel Hosken, David Matsa, and David Reiffen, January 2000 (Published in the Journal of Consumer Policy) [PDF 112KB]
1999
Working Paper 229 (abstract)
Compliments Integration and Leverage: The Case of the Middleman,
Christopher Garmon, December 1999 (Published in Southern Economic Journal, 2004 under the title Complements Integration and Foreclosure: The Case of Joint Consumption) [PDF 49KB]
Working Paper 228 (abstract)
The Effect of Asymmetric Entry Costs on Bertrand Competition,
Charles J. Thomas, October 1999 (Published in International Journal of Industrial Organization) [PDF 1.6MB]
Working Paper 227 (abstract)
Regulatory Restrictions on Vertical Integration and Control: The Competitive Impact of Gasoline Divorcement Policies,
Michael G. Vita, July 1999 (Published in Journal of Regulatory Economics) [PDF 60KB]
Working Paper 226 (abstract)
The Competitive Effects of Not-for-Profit Hospital Mergers: A Case Study,
Michael G. Vita and Seth Sacher, May 1999 (Published in Journal of Industrial Economics) [PDF 88KB]
Working Paper 225 (abstract)
Pricing Behavior of Multi-Product Retailers,
Daniel Hosken and David Reiffen, March 1999 (Revised, June 2007)(Published, The BE Journal of Theoretical Economics) [PDF 4.27MB]
Working Paper 224 (abstract)
Multimarket Contact and Imperfect Information,
Charles J. Thomas, January 1999 [PDF 2.5MB]
Working Paper 223 (abstract)
Price Competition and Advertising Signals,
Mark N. Hertzendorf and Per Baltzer Overgaard, January 1999 (Published in Journal of Economics and Management Strategy) [PDF 258KB]
Working Paper 222 (abstract)
R&D Activity and Acquisitions in High Technology Industries: Evidence from the U.S. Electronic and Electrical Equipment Industries,
Bruce A. Blonigen and Christopher T. Taylor, January 1999 (Published as "R&D Intensity and Acquisitions in High Technology Industries: Evidence from the U.S. electronic and electrical equipment industries" in Journal of Industrial Economics) [PDF 70KB]
1998
Working Paper 221 (abstract)
Market Power and the Cross-Industry Behavior of Prices Around a Business Cycle Trough,
Jonathan B. Baker and Peter A. Woodward, December 1998 [PDF 3.1MB]
Working Paper 220 (abstract)
The Competitive Effects of Mergers Between Asymmetric Firms,
Charles J. Thomas, August 1998 (Published in the International Journal of Industrial Organization) [PDF 2.5MB]
Working Paper 219 (abstract)
Price Movements over the Business Cycle in U.S. Manufacturing Industries,
Bart J. Wilson and Stanley S. Reynolds, June 1998 (Published in The Journal of Industrial Economics)
[PDF 3.8MB]
Working Paper 218 (abstract)
Physicians Networks, Integration and Efficiency,
Seth Sacher and Louis Silvia, April 1998 [PDF 52KB]
Working Paper 217 (abstract)
Identifying the Firm-Specific Cost Pass-Through Rate,
Orley, Ashenfelter, David Ashmore, Jonathan B. Baker and Signe-Mary McKernan, January 1998 [PDF 44KB]
Working Paper 216 (abstract)
Are Retailing Mergers Anticompetitive? An Event Study Analysis,
John David Simpson and Daniel Hosken, January 1998 (Published partly as "Have Supermarket Mergers Raised Prices? An Event Study Analysis" in International Journal of the Economics of Business, 2001 and partly as "Did May Company's Acquisition of Associated Dry Goods Corporation Reduce Competition" in The Review of Industrial Organization) [PDF 63KB]
1997
Working Paper 215 (abstract)
Discriminatory Dealing with Downstream Competitors: Evidence from the Cellular Industry,
David Reiffen, Laurence Schumann, and Michael R. Ward, August 1997 (Published in Journal of Industrial Economics) [PDF 143KB]
1996
Working Paper 214 (abstract)
Do Nonprofit Hospitals Exercise Market Power?,
John Simpson and Richard Shin, November 1996 (Published in International Journal of the Economics of Business) [PDF 46KB]
Working Paper 213 (abstract)
Market Structure and the Flow of Information in Repeated Auctions,
Charles J. Thomas, December 1996 [PDF 2.5MB]
Working Paper 212 (abstract)
Entry Policy and Entry Subsidies,
James D. Reitzes and Oliver R. Grawe, April 1996 [PDF 2.3MB]
Working Paper 211 (abstract)
A Game Theory Model of Celebrity Endorsements,
Mark N. Hertzendorf, February 1996 [PDF 3.6MB]
1995
Working Paper 210 (abstract)
The Political Economy of Federal Trade Commission Administrative Decision Making in Merger Enforcement,
Malcolm B. Coate and Andrew N. Kleit, November 1995 [PDF 54KB]
Older Working Papers
The papers below are not available online. To obtain a copy of one of these papers, please email ReportRequests@ftc.gov
1994
#209. When Does New Entry Deter Collusion?, John Simpson, December 1994. (Published in Research in Law and Economics, Vol. 18, 1997).
#208. Did Depreciation of the Dollar Render the Steel VRA's Nonbinding?, Oliver Grawe, Dolly Howarth, and Morris Morkre, December 1994.
#207. Merger Analysis in the Courts, Malcolm B. Coate, August 1994. (Published in Managerial and Decision Economics, Vol. 16, 1995).
#206. Reversing Roles: Stackelberg Incentive Contract Equilibrium, Richard E. Ludwick, Jr., July 1994.
#205. Disentangling Regulatory Policy: The Effects of State Regulations on Trucking Rates, Timothy P. Daniel and Andrew N. Kleit, July 1994. (Published in Journal of Regulatory Economics, Vol. 8, 1995).
1993
#204. Vertical Contracts as Strategic Commitments, Cindy R. Alexander and David Reiffen, December 1993. (Published in Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, Vol. 4, 1995).
#203. The Antitrust Implications of Entry by Small-Scale Hospitals, John Simpson, October 1993. (Published as "A Note on Entry by Small Hospitals" in Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 14, 1995).
#202. Antitrust: Results from the Laboratory, Charissa P. Wellford, October 1993.
#201. Product Variety and Consumer Search, Jeffrey H. Fischer, February 1993.
#200. Fight, Fold or Settle?: Modeling the Reaction to FTC Merger Challenges, Malcolm Coate, Andrew Kleit, and Rene Bustamante, February 1993.
#199. Telecommunications Bypass and the "Brandon Effect", Steven G. Parsons and Michael R. Ward, February 1993.
1992
#198. Auctions Under Increasing Costs: Coordination Problems and the Existence of an Asymmetric Equilibrium, David Reiffen, August 1992.
#197. The Minimum Optimal Steel Plant and the Survivor Technique of Cost Estimation, Robert P. Rogers, August 1992.
#196. Advertising Restrictions as Rent Increasing Costs, John R. Morris and James A. Langenfeld, May 1992.
#195. Beyond the Rhetoric: An Inquiry into the Goal of the Sherman Act, Andrew N. Kleit, August 1992.
#194. Market-Share Quotas, James D. Reitzes and Oliver R. Grawe, April 1992. (Published in Journal of International Economics, Vol. 36, 1993).
#193. Efficiencies Without Economists: The Early Years of Resale Price Maintenance, Andrew N. Kleit, April 1992. (Published in Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 59, 1993).
1991
#192. Antidumping Policy, James D. Reitzes, July 1991. (Published in International Economic Review, Vol. 34, 1993).
#191. Bondholder Reaction to Increases in Leverage, John Simpson, June 1991. (Published in Research in Finance, Vol. 12, 1995).
#190. Are Judges Smarter than Economists? Sunk Costs, The Threat of Entry and The Competitive Process, Andrew N. Kleit and Malcolm Coate, June 1991. (Published in Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 60, 1993).
#189. Merger and Regulatory Incentives, Mark D. Williams, May 1991.
#188. Does North American Labor Demand Adjustment Differ from that in Britain?, Richard Fry, May 1991.
#187. Movements in the Earnings-Schooling Relationship, 1940-1988, Mary T. Coleman, March 1991.
#186. Some Antitrust Concerns of Partial Equity Acquisitions, A. E. Rodriguez, March 1991.
#185. Do Employees Regard Wage Cuts and Layoffs as Opportunistic?, John David Simpson, January 1991.
#184. Housing Demand and Property Tax Incidence in a Life-Cycle Framework, Seth B. Sacher, January 1991. (Published in Public Finance Quarterly, Vol. 21, 1993).
#183. Quality Choice, Trade Policy, and Firm Incentives, James D. Reitzes, January 1991. (Published in International Economic Review, Vol. 33, 1992).
1990
#182. Rent Increasing Costs: The Antitrust Implications from a Paradox in Value Theory, James A. Langenfeld and John R. Morris, November 1990. (Published in The Antitrust Bulletin, Vol. 36, 1991).
#181. Estimating Producer Welfare When Input and Output Prices Change Simultaneously, Michael R. Metzger, November 1990.
#180. The Effect of Subsidized Imports on Domestic Industries: A Comparison of Market Structures, Morris E. Morkre, October 1990. (Published in Journal of Policy Modelling, Vol. 15, 1993).
#179. Exclusion, Collusion, and Confusion: The Limits of Raising Rivals' Cost, Malcolm Coate and Andrew N. Kleit, October 1990. (Published in Research in Law and Economics, Vol. 16, 1994).
#178. Merger and Free Riders in Spatial Markets, James D. Reitzes and David T. Levy, May 1990. (Published in Journal of Regional Science, Vol. 33, 1993).
1989
#177. Merger in the Round: Anticompetitive Effects of Mergers in Markets with Localized Competition, David T. Levy and James D. Reitzes, November 1989. (Published in Journal of Law, Economics & Organization, Vol. 8, 1992).
#176. An Analysis of Vertical Relationships Among Railroads: Why Competitive Access Should Not Be an Antitrust Concern, Andrew N. Kleit, October 1989. (Published in Logistics and Transportation Review, Vol. 26, 1990).
#175. Antitrust Policy for Declining Industries, Malcolm Coate and Andrew N. Kleit, October 1989. (Published in Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, Vol. 147, 1991).
#174. A Recalculation of Cline's Estimates of the Gains to Trade Liberalization in the Textile and Apparel Industries, Michael R. Metzger, May 1989.
#173. Regulation, Market Structure, and Hospital Costs: A Comment on the Work of Mayo and McFarland, Keith B. Anderson, May 1989. (Published in Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 58, 1991).
#172. Terminal Railroad Revisited: Foreclosure of an Essential Facility or Simple Horizontal Monopoly, David Reiffen and Andrew Kleit, April 1989. (Published in The Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 33, 1990).
#171. Predation, Entry and the Diversified Firm, David Levy, January 1989. (Published in Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 38, 1989).
#170. The Impact of Tariffs and Quotas on Strategic R & D Behavior, James Reitzes, January 1989. (Published in International Economic Review, Vol. 32, 1991).
1988
#169. Do Government-Imposed Ownership Restrictions Inhibit Efficiency? FCC's Duopoly Rule, Keith Anderson and John Woodbury, December 1988.
#168. The Relationship Between Industrial Sales Prices and Concentration of Interstate Natural Gas Pipelines, John R. Morris, November 1988.
#167. A Theory of Minimum Quality Standards: Quacks, Lemons & Licensing Revisited, Michael R. Metzger, November 1988.
#166. Deregulation by Vertical Integration, John R. Morris, October 1988. (Published in Journal of Regulatory Economics, Vol. 4, 1992).
#165. Vertical Integration as Strategic Behavior in a Spatial Setting: Reducing Rival's Revenues, David Levy and David Reiffen, June 1988.
#164. The Costs of Railroad Regulation: A Further Analysis, Christopher C. Barnekov and Andrew N. Kleit, May 1988. (Published in International Journal of Transport Economics, Vol. 17, 1990).
#163. State Regulation of Takeovers and Shareholder Wealth: The Case of New York's 1985 Takeover Statutes, Laurence Schumann, April 1988. (Published in RAND Journal of Economics, Vol. 19, 1988).
#162. Strategic Business Behavior and Antitrust, Charles A. Holt and David T. Scheffman, April 1988. (Published in Economics and Antitrust Policy, Quorum Books, R. Larner, J. Meehan (eds.) 39 (1989)).
#161. Enforcing Time Inconsistent Government Regulations, Andrew N. Kleit, March 1988. (Published in Economic Inquiry, Vol. 30, 1992).
#160. The Impact of Automobile Fuel Economy Standards, Andrew N. Kleit, February 1988. (Published in Journal of Regulatory Economics, Vol. 2, 1990).
1987
#159. The Impact of Alternative Forms of State Regulation of AT&T on Direct Dial Long Distance Telephone Rates, Alan D. Mathios and Robert P. Rogers, December 1987. (Published in RAND Journal of Economics, Vol. 20, 1989).
#158. Costs of the Voluntary Restraint Agreements on Steel: Reply, David G. Tarr, November 1987.
#157. The Analysis of Causality in Escape Clause Cases, Kenneth Kelly, November 1987. (Published in The Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 37, 1988).
#156. Capital-Goods Market Definition, Richard S. Higgins, September 1987.
#155. Price Leadership with Incomplete Information, Richard S. Higgins, William F. Shugart II, and Robert D. Tollison, September 1987. (Published in Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 11, 1989).
#154. Buyers and Entry Barriers, David T. Scheffman and Pablo T. Spiller, August 1987.
#153. A Note on Obtaining Estimates of Cross-Elasticities of Demand, David G. Tarr, May 1987. (Published in Eastern Economic Journal, Vol. 16, 1990).
#152. A Note on Joint Ventures in Which Firms Contribute Complementary Inputs, Louis Silvia, May 1987.
#151. An Empirical Conjectural Variation Model of Oligopoly, J. Nellie Liang, February 1987.
#150. Free Trading or Free Riding: An Examination of the Theories and Available Empirical Evidence on Gray Market Imports, John C. Hilke, February 1987. (Published in World Competition, Vol. 32, 1988).
#149. Why Price Correlations Do Not Define Antitrust Markets: On Econometric Algorithms for Market Definition, Jonathan B. Baker, January 1987.
1986
#148. Advertising and Product Quality: The Role of the Bonding Characteristics of Advertising, Pauline M. Ippolito, December 1986. (Published in Journal of Business, Vol. 63, 1990).
#147. A Theory of Input Exchange Agreements, Charles Holt and David T. Scheffman, July 1986.
#146. Cost-Raising Strategies, Steven C. Salop and David T. Scheffman, July 1986. (Published in The Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 36, 1987).
#145. Mergers, Event Studies, and Systematic Risk, Paul Kupiec and Alan Mathios, October 1986.
#144. Retail Featuring as an Entry or Mobility Barrier in Manufacturing, Philip B. Nelson and John C. Hilke, September 1986. (Published in International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 9, 1991).
#143. Dual Distribution as a Vertical Control Device, Malcolm B. Coate and Mark R. Fratrik, September 1986. (Published in The Journal of Behavioral Economics, Vol. 18, 1989).
#142. Market Definition Under 1984 Merger Guidelines: Critical Demand Elasticities, Frederick I. Johnson, August 1986. (Published in Research in Law and Economics, Vol. 12, 1989).
#141. The "Steiner Effect": A Prediction from a Monopolistically Competitive Model Inconsistent with any Combination of Pure Monopoly or Competition, Michael Lynch, August 1986.
#140. The Efficacy of Minimum Quality Certification in the Used Vehicle Market, Michael D. Pratt and George E. Hoffer, July 1986. (Published in Economic Inquiry, Vol. 24, 1986).
#139. Life After Takeover, David J. Ravenscraft and F.M. Scherer, March 1986. (Published in Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 36, 1987).
#138. Optimal Civil Penalties, John Nash, February 1986. (Published in International Review of Law and Economics, Vol. 11, 1991).
#137. Mergers and Managerial Performance, David J. Ravenscraft and F.M. Scherer, January 1986.
#136. The Profitability of Mergers, David J. Ravenscraft and F.M. Scherer, January 1986. (Published in International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 7, 1989).
#135. On the Extent of the Market: Wholesale Gasoline in the Northeastern United States, Pablo T. Spiller and Cliff J. Huang, January 1986. (Published in The Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 35, 1986).
1985
#134. Cigarette Advertising, Health Information, and Regulation Before 1970, John E. Calfee. December 1985.
#133. Optimal Enforcement Strategy to Prevent Oil Spills: An Application of a Principal-Agent Model with Moral Hazard, Mark A. Cohen, November 1985. (Published in Journal of Law & Economics, Vol. 30, 1987).
#132. A Note on the Economies of Network Television Advertising, John C. Hilke and Philip B. Nelson, November 1985. (Published as "An Empirical Note from Case Documents on the Economies of Network Television Advertising," in Review of Industrial Organization, Vol. 4, 1989)
#131. Enforcing Government Policy: The Evolution of Efficient Regulations, Mark A. Cohen and Paul H. Rubin, November 1985. (Published in Yale Journal on Regulation, Vol. 3, 1985).
#130. Mergers, Market Power, and Property Rights: When Will Efficiencies Prevent Price Increases?, Alan A. Fisher, Frederick I. Johnson, and Robert H. Lande, September 1985. (Published in Corporate Practice Commentator, Vol. 32, 1990), (Published in 1988 in the California Law Review as Price Effects of Horizontal Mergers.).
#129. Geographic Market Definition Under the DOJ Guidelines, David T. Scheffman and Pablo T. Spiller, August 1985. (Published in Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 30, 1987).
#128. Factors Affecting Steel Employment Besides Steel Imports, Douglas W. Webbink, July 1985.
#127. Cooperation Versus Rivalry: Price-Cost Margins by Line of Business, John E. Kwoka and David Ravenscraft, June 1985. (Published in Economica, 53, 1986).
#126. Uncertainty and the Value of Information: An Application of the Le Chatelier Principle, Mark Plummer, May 1985.
#125. Tips and Commissions: A Study in Economic Contracting, David E. Sisk and Edward C. Gallick, May 1985.
#124. Marketable Landing Rights and Economic Efficiency, Donald W. Koran and Jonathan D. Ogur, April 1985.
#123. Incentives to Comply with Uncertain Legal Standards, John C. Calfee and Richard Craswell, April 1985.
#122. Determinants of the Merger Accounting Choice, David Ravenscraft and F.M. Scherer, February 1985. (Published in Mergers, Sell-offs and Economic Efficiency, Brookings Institution, 1987).
#121. Equilibria in the Laboratory: Experiments with Oligopoly Markets Where Goods are Made-To-Order, Daniel Alger, December 1984.
#120. The Application of the Sherman Act: To the Smog and Aircraft Patent Agreements, George Bittlingmayer, February 1985. (Published in The Antitrust Bulletin, Vol. 32, 1987).
1983
#98. The Price and Profit Effects of Horizontal Mergers: A Case Study, David M. Barton and Roger Sherman, August 1983.