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Dividends From Wood Research
Recent Publications From January - June 2002
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Explanation and Instructions
"Dividends From Wood Research" is a semiannual listing of recent publications resulting from wood utilization research at the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL). These publications are produced to encourage and facilitate application of Forest Service research. This issue lists publications received between July 1 and December 31, 2005.
Each publication listed in this brochure is available through at least one of the following sources.
Available from FPL (indicated by an order number before the title of the publication): Quantities limited. Order by sending the item number and your complete mailing address.
Available through Internet: Listed publications are available as PDF documents for viewing or printing through links provided in this document.
Available through sales outlets: Major sales outlets are the Superintendent of Documents, the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), and various private publishers. Order directly from the outlet.
Available through libraries: Research publications are available through many public and university libraries in the United States and elsewhere. U.S. Government publications are also available through many Government Depository Libraries. Check with a major library near you to determine availability.
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- Pilot Study to Examine Use of Transverse Vibration Nondestructive Evaluation
for Assessing Floor Systems (PDF 276 KB) Cai, Zhiyong; Ross, Robert J.; Hunt, Michael O.; Soltis, Lawrence, A. 2002. Forest
Prod. J. 52(1): 89-93. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/cai02a.pdf
- Development and Application of Colorimetric Microassay for Determining Boron-Containing
Compounds (PDF 199 KB) Kartal, S. Nami; Green, Frederick, III. 2002. Forest Prod. J. 52(6): 75-79.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/karta02b.pdf
- Effects of Incising on Treatability and Leachability of CCA-C-Treated Eastern Hemlock (PDF 233 KB)
Kartal, S. Nami; Lebow, Stan T. 2002. Forest Prod. J. 52(2): 44-48.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/karta02a.pdf
- Effects of Shear on Deflection of Wood Cantilever Loaded at Free End
(PDF 105 KB) Liu, Jen Y.; Rammer, Douglas R. 2002. In: Hui, David, ed. Ninth annual international conference on composites
engineering; 2002 July 1-6; San Diego, CA. New Orleans, LA: International Community for Composites Engineering and College of Engineering,
University of New Orleans: 471-472.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/liu02b.pdf
- Durability of an Extruded HDPE/Wood Composite (PDF 308 KB) Pendleton,
David E.; Hoffard, Theresa A.; Adcock, Tim; Woodward, Bessie; Wolcott, Michael P. 2002. Forest Prod. J. 52(6): 21-27.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/pendl02a.pdf
- Effect of Wet Bulb Depression on Heat Sterilization Time of Slash Pine
Lumber (PDF 554 KB) Simpson, William T. 2002. USDA Forest Serv. Res. Pap. FPL-RP-604. 6 p.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrp/fplrp604.pdf
For international trade, heat sterilization of wood products is often required to prevent the spread of insects and pathogens. Application of heat sterilization requires estimates of the time necessary to heat the center of the wood configuration to the temperature required to kill the insect or other pest. The nature of the heating medium was found to have a significant effect on heating time of slash pine lumber. The heating time increased exponentially with wet bulb depression. When the wet bulb temperature in the heating chamber was below the desired center temperature, heating times were extended far beyond the times when target center temperature was greater than the wet bulb temperature. This effect was less in air-dried lumber than in green lumber.
- Method for Estimating Air-Drying Times of Lumber (PDF 295 KB) Simpson,
William T.; Hart, C. Arthur 2001. Forest Prod. J. 51(11/12): 56-63.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2001/simps01b.pdf
- Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques for Assessing Modulus of Elasticity and
Stiffness of Small-Diameter Logs (PDF 335 KB) Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Mattson, James A.; Erickson, John R.; Forsman,
John W.; Geske, Earl A.; Wehr, Michael A. 2002. Forest Prod. J.
52(2): 79-85. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/wang02a.pdf
- Wood Products: Thermal Degradation and Fire (PDF 121 KB) White,
R.H.; Dietenberger, M.A. 2001. Enc. Mat. Sci. Technol.: 9712-9716.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2001/white01a.pdf
Controlling erosion is a serious and challenging task. Annually, erosion is responsible for billions of dollars of damage worldwide. Erosion control mats (ECMs) were developed to control erosion and provide soil stability until vegetation can be established. There are hundreds of products in the erosion control market. Erosion control mats are made from organic materials, synthetic materials, and sometimes a combination of the two. This report is a market analysis of ECMs based on a telephone survey of nine manufacturers and a literature search. The objective of the market analysis was to provide background information and to summarize the ECM industry. The objective of the telephone survey was to determine information about ECMs such as the price, mode of promotion and distribution, most popular product, and current demand and growth potential. The product background section provides a brief description of the most popular types of ECMs. The analysis focuses on the market history, major competitors, major consumers, market size, demand and growth, and the results of a telephone survey. Thirty-eight major competitors were found as well as several major consumers. The telephone survey provided information on current trends in pricing, promotion, and distribution; popular ECM types; and major consumers. The market analysis determined that the market for ECMs will grow, based on the fact that the world population is projected to increase, therefore increasing construction of buildings and roads. Also, the fact that some ECMs are made with natural products instead of synthetic products helps them win acceptance in public opinion.
- Lightweight, High-Opacity Paper by Fiber Loading: Filler Comparison (PDF 653 KB) Klungness, John H.; Ahmed, Aziz; Ross-Sutherland, Nancy;
AbuBakr, Said 2000. Nordic Pulp Pap. Res. J. 15:5: 345-350.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2000/klung00b.pdf
- Thermomechanical Pulping of Loblolly Pine Juvenile Wood (PDF 185 KB) Myers,
Gary C. 2002. Wood Fiber Sci. 34(1): 108-115.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/myers02a.pdf
- Extending Fiber Resources: Fiber Loading Recycled Fiber and Mechanical Pulps
for Lightweight, High Opacity Paper (PDF 120 KB) Sykes, Marguerite; Klungness, John; Tan, Freya; Stroika, Matthew; Abubakr, Said 1999.
In: Proceedings of the China paper conference; 1999 November 9-10; Beijing, China. Atlanta, GA: TAPPI Press. 8(12): 56.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf1999/sykes99b.pdf
- Effect of Corrugated Flute Shape on Fibreboard Edgewise Crush Strength and Bending Stiffness (PDF 222 KB)
Urbanik, T.J. 2001. J. Pulp and Pap. Sci. 27(10): 330-335.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2001/urban01a.pdf
- Volume
Recovery, Grade Yield, and Properties of Lumber From Young-Growth
Sitka Spruce and Western Hemlock in Southeast Alaska (PDF
305 KB) Christensen, Glen A.; Julin, Kent R.; Ross, Robert J.;
Willits, Susan 2002. Forest Prod. J. 52(5): 81-87. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/chris02a.pdf
- Wood-Plastic
Composites in the United States: The Interfacing of Two Industries
(PDF 2.6 MB) Clemons, Craig 2002. Forest Prod. J. 52(6): 10-18.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/clemo02b.pdf
- Laboratory
Tests on Fungal Resistance of Wood Filled Polyethylene Composites
(PDF 644 KB) Clemons, Craig M.; Ibach, Rebecca E. 2002. In:
ANTEC 2002. Vol. 2-Materials. Annual technical conference; 2002
May 5-9; San Francisco, CA. Brookfield, CT: Society of Plastics
Engineers: 2219-2222. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/clemo02a.pdf
- Wood-Framed Building Deconstruction--A Source of Lumber for Construction?
(PDF 161 KB) Falk, Robert H. 2002. Forest Prod. J. 52(3): 8-15.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/falk02a.pdf
- Development of Two Test Level 2 Bridge Railings and Transitions for Use on
Transverse Glue-Laminated Deck Bridges (PDF 1.5 MB) Faller, Ronald K.; Rosson, Barry T.; Ritter, Michael A.; Keller, Eric
A.; Duwadi, Sheila R. 2001. Transportation Res. Rec. 1743, Pap.
01-0378: 126-139. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2001/falle01a.pdf
- Flexural Properties of Salvaged Dead Yellow-Cedar From Southeast Alaska (PDF 152 KB)
Green, David W.; McDonald, Kent A.; Hennon, Paul E.; Evans, James W.; Stevens, John H. 2002. Forest Prod. J. 52(1): 81-88.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/green02a.pdf
- A Comparative Study of Wood Highway Sound Barriers (PDF 391 KB) Grgurevich, Stefan; Boothby, Thomas; Manbeck, Harvey; Burroughs, Courtney; Cegelka, Stephen; Bernecker, Craig; Ritter, Michael A. 2002. Forest Prod. J. 52(3): 35-43.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/grgur02a.pdf
- Assessment of the Treatability of Small-Diameter Grand Fir Posts (PDF 300 KB) Lebow, Stan; LeVan, Susan L.; Morrell, Jeffrey J.; Christoffersen, Nils D. 2002. USDA Forest Serv. Res. Note FPL-RN-0285. 4 p.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrn/fplrn285.pdf
The value of small-diameter grand fir round stock could be increased if this material could be successfully treated with preservatives and marketed as posts and poles. This paper reports the treatability of suppressed-growth grand fir posts with several common preservatives. Ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate and oilborne copper naphthenate were found to provide adequate treatment. Acceptable treatment was not achieved with chromated copper arsenate (CCA). The pattern of preservative penetration was erratic, especially with CCA.
- Analysis of Off-Axis Tension Test of Wood Specimens (PDF 216 KB) Liu, Jen Y. 2002. Wood Fiber Sci. 34(2): 205-211.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/liu02a.pdf
- Withdrawal Strength of Threaded Nails (PDF 332 KB) Rammer, Douglas R.; Winistorfer, Steve G.; Bender, Donald A. 2001. J. Struct. Eng. 127(4): 442-449.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2001/ramme01b.pdf
- Photostabilization of Wood Flour Filled HDPE Composites (PDF 641 KB) Stark, Nicole M.; Matuana, Laurent, M. 2002. In: ANTEC 2002. Vol. 2--Materials. Annual technical conference; 2002 May 5-9; San Francisco, CA. Brookfield, CT: Society of Plastics Engineers: 2209-2213.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/stark02a.pdf
- Field Investigations of Stress-Laminated T-Beam and Box-Beam Timber Bridges (PDF 427 KB) Taylor, S.E.; Triche, M.H.; Hislop, L.E.; Morgan, P.A. 2002. Wood Design Focus: 13-19 (Spring).
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/taylo02a.pdf
- Predicting Current Serviceability and Residual Service Life of Plywood Roof Sheathing Using Kinetics-Based Models (PDF 311 KB) Winandy, J.E.; Lebow, P.K.; Murphy, J.F. 2002. In: Proceedings of the 9th durability of building materials and components conference; 2002, March 17-20; Brisbane, Australia. Paper 147. 7 p.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/winan02a.pdf
- Protecting Wood Decks From Biodegradation and Weathering: Evaluation of Deck Finish Systems (PDF 247 KB) Morrell, J.J.; Schneider, P.F.; Williams, R. Sam 2001. Forest Prod. J. 51(11/12): 27-32.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2001/morre01a.pdf
- Comparisons of Interlaboratory Swellometer Testing of Two Water-Repellent Preservative Formulations for Millwork (PDF 99 KB) Schmidt, Elmer L.; Murphy, Timothy P.; Cheeks, Charles N.; Ross, Alan S.; Chiu, T.S. (Eugene); Williams, R. Sam 2002. Forest Prod. J. 52(3): 82-84.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/schmi02a.pdf
- Volatile Organic Compound Emissions During Hot-Pressing of Southern Pine Particleboard: Panel Size Effects and Trade-Off Between Press Time and Temperature (PDF 184 KB) Wang, Wenlong; Gardner, Douglas J.; Baumann, Melissa G.D. 2002. Forest Prod. J. 52(4): 24-30.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/wang02b.pdf
- Correlation of Adhesive Strength With Service Life of Paint Applied to Weathered
Wood (PDF 525 KB) Williams, R.S.; Winandy, J.E.; Feist, W.C. 2002. In: Proceedings of the 9th durability of building
materials and components conference; 2002, March 17-20; Brisbane, Australia. Paper 161. 11 p.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/willi02a.pdf
- U.S. Fiber Supply: Steady and Secure (PDF 398 KB) Ince, Peter J. 2002. Solutions! 85(6): 40-48.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2002/ince02a.pdf
- Ch. 5 Outlook for U.S.
Paper and Paperboard Sector and Wood Fiber Supply in North America
(PDF 580 KB) Ince, Peter J. 2000. In: Dengg, J.; Hillring, B.;
Ilavsky, J.; Ince, P.; Stolp, J.; Perez-Latore, M. Recycling,
energy and market interactions. Proceedings, 56th session UN-ECE
timber committee, Geneva timber and forest discussion papers;
1998 September 28; Geneva, Switzerland. Geneva, Switzerland: United
Nations. Ch. 5: 24-37. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2000/ince00b.pdf
- Conversion of Board Foot Scaled Logs to Cubic Meters in Washington State, 1970-1998 (PDF
73 KB) Spelter, Henry 2002. USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-131.
6 p. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fplgtr131.pdf
The conversion factor generally used to convert logs measured in board feet to cubic meters has traditionally been set at 4.53. Because of diminishing old growth, large-diameter trees, the average conversion factor has risen, as illustrated in this analysis of Washington state sawmill data over the period 1970-1998. Conversion factors for coastal and interior Washington were estimated at 6.76 and 5.93, respectively, up from 4.0 to 4.5 in the 1970s. Average sawlog diameters over the same period were estimated to have declined from 56 to 29 cm for coastal Washington and from 41 to 25 cm for interior Washington.
- Forex,
L-P Deal Casts Light on OSB Market/Capacity Situation (PDF 183
KB)
Spelter, Henry 1999. PanelWorld. 44-45 (Nov)
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf1999/spelt99h.pdf
- Will South's Timber Industry Have Dependable Wood Supply? (PDF 1.4 MB)
Spelter, Henry 2000. Wood Technol. 51-54 (Jan/Feb.)
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2000/spelt00b.pdf
- Sawmill Closures, Openings, and Net Capacity Changes in the Softwood Lumber
Sector, 1996-2003 (PDF 1.0 MB) Spelter, Henry 2002. USDA Forest Serv. Res. Pap. FPL-RP-603. 12 p.
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrp/fplrp603.pdf
From a starting universe of approximately 1,300 Canadian and American sawmills, 149 were permanently closed between 1996 and 2003. This figure does not include small portable or part-time operations. These mills represented 17.6 million m3 of capacity, nearly 12% of the 1995 industry total. On the other hand, 25 new mills brought on-line have offset 4.9 million m3 of lost production potential. Further, upgrades to existing sawmills have added 31 million m3 of capacity. The region most severely impacted by closures was the U.S. West, which accounted for over half of all the capacity lost. Other regions fared better, with the U.S. South and eastern Canada losing the least, the U.S. North and British Columbia taking somewhat higher losses. Overall, however, each major producing region gained capacity when all changes are accounted for.
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