In this issue... 

1997 Santa Fe Highlights 
Patrinos Address 
Joint Genome Institute (JGI) Comes of Age 
JGI Sequencing 
JGI Informatics 
JGI and Bermuda Quality Sequence 
Grants Awarded for JGI Collaboration 
JGI Sequencing Clones 
Sequencing Strategies,Tools 
Gene-Discovery Resources 
Sequencing at NIH NHGRI 
Functional Genomics 
Data Surge Challenges Informaticists 
Genome Annotation: Informatics Advances Needed for Age of Functional Genomics 
ELSI: Rapid Progress Accelerates Societal Impact of Genome Research 
1999 DOE HGP Meeting Set for California 

Human Genome Project Administration 
New 5-Year Goals, Project Midpoint 
DOE, NIH Discuss Informatics 
JASON Group Review 
BER Genome Instrumentation Research 

In the News 
Private-Sector Sequencing Plan 
Bang for the Buck: Government-Backed Research Underpins Potentially High Payoff Ventures 
Palmisano Joins DOE OBER 
DNA Files series to be on NPR 
HUGO Addresses Sample Collection 
Sickle Cell Mice May Lead to New Treatments 
TIGR Sequencing 6 More Microbes 
Tuberculosis Microbe Sequenced 
C. Elegans Sequencing Nears Finish 
HGMIS Website Restructured 
cDNA Cloning Workshop Identifies Critical Issues 
Survey Identifies Growing Need for Synchrotron Analyses 
NCGR Announcements 

Publications 
Report on Functional Consequences of Gene Expression 
Book on Tuskegee Conference 
Book Focuses on Biomarker Implications, Conference Proceedings 
Genome Analysis Protocol Handbook 

Software and the Internet 
Mouse Genome Informatics Release 2.0 
New System Identifies Polymorphisms 
DOE Supports Web Site for 1997 AAAS Genome Symposium 
Expressed Human Genome Database 

Funding 
DOE ELSI 
NIH NHGRI 
NHGRI Initiates Mailing List 
U.S. Genome Research Funding 

Meeting Calendars & Acronyms 
Genome and Biotechnology Meetings 
Training Courses and Workshops 
Acronyms 

HGN archives and subscriptions   
HGP Information home 

Private-Sector Sequencing Planned

New Venture Aims for Rapid Coverage of Genome

In May, J. Craig Venter [The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR)] announced plans to form a new company with Perkin-Elmer's Applied Biosystems Division (PE-ABD) to sequence a large portion of the human genome in 3 years for $300 million. The company plans to use several resources generated in the government-sponsored Human Genome Project (HGP). (See Bang for the Buck.) A report by Venter in Science [280(5369), 1540-42] called the plan a "mutually rewarding partnership between public and private institutions."

Delivering high-quality DNA sequence to the entire scientific community at the lowest possible cost has been the ultimate goal of HGP since its inception. Although DOE and NIH program managers welcomed the promise of substantial private-sector investment, they noted that the planned venture will be more like a rough draft rather than the publicly available, detailed "A-to-Z" recipe book promised by the genome project.

Positioning of sequencing subclones into the chromosomal puzzle is expected to be less certain sometimes than in more conservative strategies. Data release will be quarterly rather than immediate, as required of government-funded sequencing centers.

Sequencing Strategy

Plans for the new venture hinge on using BAC clone libraries being produced in the genome project. The capillary sequencing machine, now in beta testing, depends on sheath-flow detector technology. Venter expects to begin large-scale sequencing next spring, with 230 capillary sequencing machines running 10 times a day and generating 100 Mb of raw bases at a cost of about $.10 per base.

Processing raw data to produce finished sequence continues to be a major bottleneck in the sequencing process. The most productive sequencing centers each generated about 20 to 25 Mb of finished sequence last year, for a total of about 120 Mb. Around 200 Mb is expected for 1998.

The Venter-PE plan is to use whole-genome shotgun sequencing, a technique developed by TIGR to sequence much smaller and less complex bacterial genomes that typically have not presented the difficulties already encountered in some regions of human DNA. These include centromeric and telomeric areas and duplicated regions found throughout the genome.

Going for the Gold
Because commercial interests will guide the path of the new venture, the focus probably will be on such potentially lucrative genomic regions as susceptibility- and disease-associated sequences that can guide the development of new diagnostic and pharmaceutical products. The company expects to seek intellectual-property protection for 100 to 300 of these sequenced regions. Generating data on biologically important genomic locations can be of great value to researchers and consumers alike. However, genome maps at the highest level of resolution --those promised by the genome project--still will be needed as the ultimate tools for scientists to embark on a thorough investigation into human biological function in all its complexity.

Genome Project to Continue on Course
When members of the DOE and NIH advisory committees and program staff met with researchers in May to review a draft of a new 5-year plan for the U.S. genome project (FY 1999-FY 2003), they reaffirmed their commitment to delivering a full and highly accurate sequence of the human genome (see New 5-Year Plan). The approved plan will appear in Science in the fall.

The electronic form of the newsletter may be cited in the following style:
Human Genome Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Human Genome News (v9n3).