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Demographics
This page contains information about national labor force statistics with demographic characteristics available from the Current Population Survey (CPS). Data on the labor force characteristics of employed and unemployed persons, plus hours of work and earnings, also are available.
Demographic labor force information for States, counties, and cities are available separately from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program. Contact LAUS staff for state or city data.
Age
Labor force, employment, and unemployment statistics by age group. See also Older workers and Youth.
- Database: Retrieve historical data series
- Annual table: Employment status by detailed age group, sex, and race (HTML) (PDF)
- Monthly table: Employment status by detailed age group, sex, and race (HTML) (PDF)
NOTICE Limited historical data are available for these tables due to
changes in the occupational and industry classification systems that affect comparability over time.
- Occupation: Employed persons by detailed occupation and age, including median age
- Industry: Employed persons by detailed industry and age, including median age
- Articles:
- The early 2000s: a period of declining teen summer employment rates (May 2010) (PDF)
- Record unemployment among older workers does not keep them out of the job market (March 2010)
(HTML) (PDF)
- Trends in labor force participation in the United States (October 2006) (PDF)
Certifications and licenses
Labor force, employment, and unemployment statistics for persons with or without certifications and licenses—credentials that demonstrate a level of skill or knowledge needed to perform a specific type of job. These non-degree credentials are distinct from Educational attainment.
- Frequently asked questions about data on certifications and licenses
- NEW Highlights of the 2015 data
- Annual tables: NEW for 2015
- 1. Certification and licensing status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by employment status (HTML) (XLSX)
- 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by certification and licensing status and selected characteristics (HTML) (XLSX)
- 3. Certification and licensing status of employed persons 16 years and over by selected characteristics (HTML) (XLSX)
- 4. Certification and licensing status of the employed by industry and class of worker (HTML) (XLSX)
- 5. Certification and licensing status of the employed by occupation (HTML) (XLSX)
- 6. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by certification and licensing status and selected characteristics (HTML) (XLSX)
- 7. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by certification and licensing status and occupation (HTML) (XLSX)
- All seven tables in a single file (XLSX)
- Chart: Workers in healthcare occupations most likely to have certifications or licenses in 2015 (April 2015)
- Article: Adding Questions on Certifications and Licenses to the Current Population Survey (March 2016) (HTML) (PDF)
- Looking for Foreign Labor Certification (hiring foreign workers for employment in the U.S.)? See the U.S. Department of Labor.
Disability
Labor force, employment, and unemployment statistics for persons with or without a disability. These are estimates for the nation as a whole; data are not available by state.
Educational attainment
Labor force, employment, and unemployment statistics by educational attainment for persons age 25 and older. See also Earnings by education, School enrollment and Certifications and licenses.
- Database: Retrieve historical data series
- Annual table: Employment status by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic ethnicity (HTML) (PDF)
- Monthly table: Employment status by educational attainment (HTML) (PDF)
- Charts:
- Articles:
- Recent college graduates in the U.S. labor force: data from the Current Population Survey (February 2013) (PDF)
- Measuring education in the Current Population Survey (September 1993)
(PDF)
Families and marital status
See also Women, including additional tables on parents, families, and marital status in the annual report on Women in the Labor Force: A Databook.
Employment, unemployment, and labor force participation in families
- News release: Employment Characteristics of Families (Annual)
(HTML) (PDF) (Archives)
- Database: Retrieve historical data series
- Looking for estimates of wives who earn more than their husbands?
These data are available from the U.S. Census Bureau in table F-22.
- Charts:
- Husband and wife employed in 48 percent of married-couple families in 2015 (May 2016)
- Labor force participation of fathers in 2014 (June 2015)
- 80.1 percent of families had at least one employed family member in 2014 (April 2015)
- Working wives in married-couple families, 1967–2011 (June 2014)
- Proportion of families with an unemployed member decreased to 9.6 percent in 2013 (April 2014)
- Median weekly earnings by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children under 18 in 2012 (December 2013)
- Working mothers in 2012 (May 2013)
- Employment characteristics of families, 2012 (April 2013)
- Unemployment among families, 2011 (May 2012)
- Employment status of parents, 2011 (April 2012)
- Families with an employed mother, 1994–2010 (May 2011)
- Employment characteristics of families, 2010 (March 2011)
- Employment and unemployment of fathers without spouses (June 2010)
- Families with unemployed members in 2009 (June 2010)
- Labor force participation rates among mothers, March 1975–2008 (May 2010)
- Labor force participation of women and mothers, 2008 (October 2009)
- Labor force participation of mothers with infants in 2008 (May 2009)
- Wives earning more than their husbands, 1967–2006 (January 2009)
- Labor force participation of mothers, 1975–2007 (January 2009)
- Labor force status of families: a visual essay (July/August 2007) (PDF)
- Article: Trends in labor force participation of married mothers of infants (February 2007) (PDF)
Employment and unemployment statistics for married men and women
- Monthly tables:
- Employment levels (HTML) (PDF)
- Unemployment levels and rates (HTML) (PDF)
Unemployment statistics by marital status
- Monthly table: Unemployment levels and rates by marital status, sex, race, and Hispanic ethnicity (HTML) (PDF)
- Annual table: Unemployment levels and rates by marital status, sex, race, and Hispanic ethnicity (HTML) (PDF)
Foreign-born workers
Labor force, employment, and unemployment statistics by foreign- and native-born status (nativity).
- Current monthly data: Employment Situation news release (Monthly), Table A-7
(HTML) (PDF) (Archives, beginning with January 2010)
- News release: Labor Force Characteristics of Foreign-Born Workers (Annual)
(HTML) (PDF) (Archives)
- Database: Retrieve historical data series
- Charts:
- Foreign born more likely than native born to work in service occupations (June 2016)
- Foreign born make up 28 percent of labor force in Pacific states (May 2016)
- Foreign born represented 16.5 percent of the U.S. labor force in 2014, up from 14.8 percent in 2005 (May 2015)
- Earnings of foreign born were 79.9 percent of native born in 2013 (May 2014)
- Foreign-born workers in the U.S. labor force, Spotlight on Statistics (July 2013), includes CPS and other BLS survey data
- Labor force participation rates of the foreign born and native born, 2008–2012 (May 2013)
- National Hispanic Heritage Month, Spotlight on Statistics (September 2012), includes CPS and other BLS survey data
- Education and occupations of the foreign born in 2011 (June 2012)
- Employed foreign-born and native-born persons by occupation, 2010 (June 2011)
- Unemployment rates for foreign-born workers, 2009 (March 2010)
- Foreign-born workers by region, 2008 (March 2009)
- Unemployment and foreign-born workers, 2008 (March 2009)
- Occupations and foreign-born workers in 2007 (April 2008)
- Educational attainment of foreign born labor force, 2007 (April 2008)
- Second-generation Americans, age, and the labor force, 2005 (October 2006)
- Foreign-born workforce, 2004: a visual essay (PDF)
- Articles:
- Labor force characteristics of second-generation Americans (September 2006) (PDF)
- The role of foreign-born workers in the US economy (May 2002) (PDF)
Older workers
See also Age.
Labor force, employment, and unemployment statistics by single year of age for persons age 55 and older are available on request. Contact the Current Population Survey staff to obtain these data.
- Database: Retrieve historical data series
- Annual table: Employment status by detailed age group, sex, and race (HTML) (PDF)
- Monthly table: Employment status by detailed age group, sex, and race (HTML) (PDF)
- Charts:
- Article: Record unemployment among older workers does not keep them out of the job market (March 2010)
(HTML) (PDF)
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Labor force, employment, and unemployment statistics for whites, blacks or African Americans, Asians, and persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. See also Earnings by Demographics.
- Annual report: Labor Force Characteristics by Race and Ethnicity
- Database: Retrieve historical data series
- Annual tables:
- Employment status by race (HTML) (PDF)
- Employment status by Hispanic ethnicity and detailed ethnic group (HTML) (PDF)
- Employment by major occupation, race, Hispanic ethnicity, and sex (HTML) (PDF)
- Hispanic workers by detailed ethnic group, sex, and major occupation (HTML) (PDF)
- Employment by detailed occupation, race, and Hispanic ethnicity (HTML) (PDF)
- Employment by detailed industry, race, and Hispanic ethnicity (HTML) (PDF)
- Monthly table: Employment status by race and Hispanic ethnicity (HTML) (PDF)
- Charts:
- Educational attainment and occupation groups by race and ethnicity in 2014 (November 2015)
- Hispanics and Latinos in industries and occupations (October 2015)
- Educational attainment, employment, and unemployment among African Americans (February 2015)
- Civilian labor levels for persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity by detailed ethnic group, 1990–2013 (October 2014)
- Forty-nine percent of employed Asians in management, professional, and related occupations, 2012 (December 2013)
- Racial and ethnic characteristics of the U.S. labor force in 2012 (November 2013)
- Occupational employment by race and ethnicity, 2011 (October 2012)
- National Hispanic Heritage Month, Spotlight on Statistics (September 2012), includes CPS and other BLS survey data
- Racial and ethnic characteristics of the U.S. labor force, 2011 (September 2012)
- Employed Asians by occupation, 2008–2010 (May 2012)
- Educational attainment and unemployment among Asians in the United States (December 2011)
- Asians in the U.S. labor force, 2008–2010 (December 2011)
- Unemployment rates by race and ethnicity, 1975–2010 (October 2011)
- Earnings and employment by occupation, race, ethnicity, and sex, 2010 (September 2011)
- African American History Month, Spotlight on Statistics (February 2010), includes CPS and other BLS survey data
- Labor force demographics, 2008 (January 2010)
- Blacks, Asians, and Hispanics in the civilian labor force: a visual essay (June 2004) (PDF)
- Articles:
- Asians in the U.S. labor force: profile of a diverse population (November 2011) (PDF)
- Counting minorities: A brief history and a look at the future, Report on the American Workforce, Chapter 1 (2001)
(Contents) (PDF)
- The diversity of Hispanics in the U.S. work force (August 1993) (PDF)
- The growing presence of Hispanics in the U.S. work force (August, 1988) (PDF)
- CPS questions on race and Hispanic ethnicity were revised in 2003
School enrollment
Labor force, employment, and unemployment statistics for youth ages 16 to 24 by school enrollment status. See also Youth and Educational attainment.
- News release: College Enrollment and Work Activity of High School Graduates (Annual)
(HTML) (PDF) (Archives)
- Monthly table: Employment status by school enrollment, sex, race, and Hispanic ethnicity (HTML) (PDF)
- Charts:
- Articles:
- Recent college graduates in the U.S. labor force: data from the Current Population Survey (February 2013) (PDF)
- Youth enrollment and employment during the school year (February 2008) (PDF)
Veterans
Labor force, employment, and unemployment statistics for veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces by period of service and service-connected disability.
- Current monthly data: Employment Situation news release (Monthly), Table A-5
(HTML) (PDF) (Archives, beginning with January 2010)
- News release: Employment Situation of Veterans (annual average and supplemental survey data, including service-connected disability)
(HTML) (PDF) (Archives)
- Database: Retrieve historical data series
- Annual table: Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and sex (HTML) (PDF)
- Quarterly table: Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and sex (HTML) (PDF)
- Monthly table: Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and sex (HTML) (PDF)
- Charts:
- 43.3 percent of veterans with a service-connected disability were employed in August 2015 (November 2016)
- Unemployment rate for Gulf War-era II veterans 5.8 percent in 2015 (March 2016)
- Employment of veterans by occupation, 2014 (May 2015)
- Veteran unemployment rate decreases to 5.3 percent in 2014 (March 2015)
- Employment and unemployment among all veterans, Gulf-War era II veterans, and nonveterans (November 2014)
- Women veterans ages 25 to 34 had unemployment rate of 9.8 percent in 2013 (September 2014)
- Women veterans in the labor force, Spotlight on Statistics (August 2014)
- U.S. military veterans and nonveterans in the labor force, 2013 (June 2014)
- Unemployment rate for veterans edges down in 2013 (March 2014)
- Unemployment among veterans declines in 2012 (March 2013)
- Veterans in the civilian labor force, 2011 (November 2012)
- Employment Situation of Veterans - 2011 (March 2012)
- Employment of veterans, 2010 (November 2011)
- Unemployment rates of veterans, 2010 (March 2011)
- Demographics of Gulf War-era II veterans (August 2010)
- Employment Situation of Veterans, Spotlight on Statistics (May 2010), includes CPS and other BLS survey data
- Charts submitted with Statement on Veterans� Employment (April 2010)
- Disabled veterans and the labor force, August 2009 (March 2010)
- Labor force participation in 2008 of veterans of World War II, Korean War, or Vietnam era (March 2009)
- Unemployment in 2008 and veterans who served since September 2001 (March 2009)
- Employment characteristics of Gulf War-era II veterans in 2006: a visual essay (PDF)
- Articles:
- Employment and earnings of recent veterans: data from the CPS (July 2010) (PDF)
- BLS Deputy Commissioner's Statement on Veterans� Employment (April 2010) (PDF) (Slides, including charts)
- Special notices and technical documentation:
Beginning with data for January 2014, estimates for veterans incorporate updated weighting procedures that more accurately
reflect the current demographic composition of the veteran population. The new weighting methodology had little effect on unemployment rates for veterans, regardless of gender or period of service.
Learn more about the effect of the January 2014 weighting change on labor force estimates for veterans.
Beginning with data for January 2013, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from an updated Department of Veterans Affairs population model.
In accordance with usual practice, BLS did not revise estimates for December 2012 and earlier months.
- Revised Data from the August 1995 Vietnam Veterans Survey
Volunteering
Statistics on persons who volunteer through or for an organization.
NOTICE The volunteer supplement was not conducted in 2016 and is not scheduled for 2017.
The latest data available are for September 2015.
- News release: Volunteering in the United States (Annual)
(HTML) (PDF) (Archives)
- Charts:
- Article: Volunteerism in the United States (August 2003) (PDF)
Women
Labor force, employment, and unemployment statistics for women. See also Families and marital status and Earnings by demographics.
- Database: Retrieve historical data series
- Annual tables: Complete list
- Employment by detailed occupation and sex (HTML) (PDF)
- Employment by detailed industry and sex (HTML) (PDF)
- Monthly and quarterly tables: Complete list
- Annual report: Women in the Labor Force: A Databook
- Annual report: Highlights of Women's Earnings
- Latest year (2015): (HTML) (PDF)
- Earlier years (PDF only):
- Charts:
- 39 percent of managers in 2015 were women (August 2016)
- Educational attainment and earnings of women (June 2014)
- Women's earnings, 1979–2012 (November 2013)
- Women as a percent of total employed in selected occupations, 2011 (May 2012)
- Employment status of parents, 2011 (April 2012)
- Educational attainment of women in the labor force, 1970–2010 (December 2011)
- Women in the labor force, 2010 (December 2011)
- Women at Work, Spotlight on Statistics (March 2011), includes CPS and other BLS survey data
- Women's earnings and employment by industry, 2009 (February 2011)
- Women in the labor force, 1970–2009 (January 2011)
- Women's-to-men's earnings ratio by age, 2009 (July 2010)
- Labor force participation rates among mothers, March 1975–2008 (May 2010)
- Labor force participation of women and mothers, 2008 (October 2009)
- Labor force participation of mothers with infants in 2008 (May 2009)
- Wives earning more than their husbands, 1967–2006 (January 2009)
- Labor force participation of mothers, 1975–2007 (January 2009)
- Women and employment by industry, 2007 (January 2009)
- Women at work: a visual essay (October 2003) (PDF)
- Articles:
- Women still underrepresented among highest earners (March 2006)
(PDF)
- The labor force experience of women from 'Generation X' (March 2002) (PDF)
Youth
Labor force, employment, and unemployment statistics for youth ages 16 to 24. See also Age and School Enrollment.
- Database: Retrieve historical data series
- News release: Summer Employment and Unemployment Among Youth (Annual)
(HTML) (PDF) (Archives)
- News release: College Enrollment and Work Activity of High School Graduates (Annual)
(HTML) (PDF) (Archives)
- Charts:
- Articles:
- The early 2000s: a period of declining teen summer employment rates (May 2010) (PDF)
- Youth enrollment and employment during the school year (February 2008) (PDF)
- Declining teen labor force participation (September 2002)
(PDF)
- Report on the Youth Labor Force (November 2000)
Last Modified Date: January 17, 2017
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