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2011
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Crime Families: Gender and the Intergenerational Transfer of Criminal Tendencies
By Goodwin, Vanessa; Davis, Brent.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
What is interesting about this paper is that it examines how the criminality of mothers affect subsequent delinquency of their sons and daughters. “For both genders…the more serious the parent’s criminal record, the greater the probability of their offspring subsequently committing offences, with the influence of the father’s record seemingly being greater than that of the mother” (p. 4).... Read More
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6 pages
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2011
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Turning the Corner on Mass Incarceration?
By Cole, David.
While the United States still incarcerates more people than any other country, the rate is flattening out. The author looks at factors that may explain this trend. Sections comprising this paper are: signs of progress; race and reform; possible explanations such as mass incarceration financial unsustainable, drop in violent crime, alternatives to incarceration for drug offenses, early release of low risk offenders, and reaching the level of incarceration the public will tolerate; going forward;... Read More
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26 pages
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2011
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Psychological Changes Underlying Long-Term Criminal Desistance Among Former Career Criminals
By Bourget, Sarah C.K..
Psychological changes associated with desistance from criminal activity (for at least 3 years) by individuals with long-term criminal histories are investigated. Chapters following an abstract are: introduction; review of the literature; method; findings; and discussion. “The findings demonstrated that long-term criminal desistance is accompanied by an increase in prosocial impulses. The strength of the prosocial impulse is the product of other psychological phenomena including thoughts about ch... Read More
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265 pages
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2010
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Deterrence in Criminal Justice: Evaluating Certainty vs. Severity of Punishment
By Wright, Valerie.
The Sentencing Project (Washington, DC).
The issue of whether more severe punishment results in increased public safety is examined. This paper covers: the conceptualization of deterrence; certainty versus severity of punishment; the failure of more severe sentences to enhance public safety; and the economic costs of more severe sentences.... Read More
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10 pages
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2010
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Theory of Desistance
By Hearn, Natalie.
“The aim of this research was to explore factors which lead to desistance amongst offenders. There were three central areas looked at during the research. Firstly the correlation between age and offending, secondly the how and why the process of desistance commences, and finally, why people continue to desist from offending” (p. 1). Findings are organized into these areas-- family, education, onset, cause of offending, range of offences, desistance, continued desistance, and CRB (Criminal Record... Read More
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48 pages
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2009
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Science and the Death Penalty: DNA, Innocence, and the Debate over Capital Punishment in the United States
By Aronson, Jay D.; Cole, Simon A..
The implication that results from DNA testing are more "true" due to their scientific nature is examined. Sections in addition to an abstract include: introduction; the age of innocence; a new kind of exoneration; DNA profiling; the authority of "science"; epistemological closure; the double-edged sword of science; DNA as a "truth machine"; and conclusion.... Read More
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32 p.
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2008
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The Subjective Experience of Punishment
By Kolber, Adam J..
Princeton University. Center for Human Values (Princeton, NJ); University of San Diego. School of Law (San Diego, CA).
The author explains how identical punishments are not fair and equitable because of an individual's subjective experience of incarceration. Three parts follow an abstract and an executive summary: our punishment practices -- the intermediate and the deeper problem of punishment variation; our theoretical commitments -- retribution and consequentialism; and broad policy questions -- cost and administrability, privacy, notice, and wealth discrimination objections.... Read More
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42 p.
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2008
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The Impact of Incarceration on Crime: Two National Experts Weigh In
Pew Center on the States. Public Safety Performance Project (Washington, DC).
The relationship between incarceration and crime is discussed by Dr. Alfred Blumstein and Dr. James Q. Wilson. Topics covered include: what research tells us about the impact of incarceration on crime; the credit prisons deserve for the decline in crime rates; would crime be reduced by more imprisonment; an explanation for New York's decrease in violent crime of 57% with a decrease in imprisonment, while Florida has tripled its prison population and decreased violent crime by 30%; other factors... Read More
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4 p.
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2008
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Pathways to Serious Offending
By Yessine, Annie K.; Bonta, James.
Public Safety Canada (Ottawa, Ontario).
"This study use[s] a sample of male and female Canadian juvenile probationers followed into middle adulthood to explore the existence of distinctive criminal pathways and identify the early characteristics that predict the offending trajectories" (p. 6). These sections follow an executive summary: introduction; method; results according to temporal patterns of growth and offending trajectories, risk factors associated with offending trajectories, description of the optimal conditioned two-group... Read More
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46 p.
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2008
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Factors and Conditions Influencing the Use of Research by the Criminal Justice System
By Innes, Christopher A.; Everett, Ronald S..
The authors explain how the "residual practice of strictly following the language of operationalization when we present [criminological] research results to audiences beyond the discipline . . . has led to a number of confusions about the relationship of research (and researchers) to practice (and practitioners)" (p. 50). Sections of this article include: whither we are tending; talking about what works and how to do it; positivism and social science; explanations and applications in criminal j... Read More
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10 p.
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2008
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On Justifying Punishment: The Discrepancy Between Words and Actions
By Carlsmith, Kevin M..
The "discrepancy [that exists] between what people want (both deterrence and retribution), and the actions that people perceive as just (retributive justice)" is examined (p. 17). Sections following an abstract are: introduction; Study 1 -- method and results according to manipulation checks, assigned punishment, stated motives, behavioral measure, nonconsistency between stated and actual motives, and discussion; Study 2 -- method and results according to support for abstract polices, for appli... Read More
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19 p.
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2008
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Influencing Public Policy: An Embedded Criminologist Reflects on California Prison Reform
By Petersilia, Joan.
The experiences of the author as an embedded criminologist participating in the reform of California's prisons are recounted. Sections following an abstract are: making the trek to Sacramento and the world of California crime policy; understanding California's crisis-fueled context for change; what the author set out to accomplish -- a twofold agenda; getting research to matter again; incorporating prisoner reentry into the state's mission; impact assessed -- where good intentions meet hard rea... Read More
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22 p.
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2008
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Understanding Crime Trends: Workshop Report
National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Understanding Crime Trends (Washington, DC).
Issues related to the analysis of crime trends are discussed. Papers contained in this report are: “Introduction” by Richard Rosenfeld and Arthur Goldberger; “Factors Contributing to U.S. Crime Trends” by Alfred Blumstein and Rosenfeld; “Gender and Violence in the United States: Trends in Offending and Victimization” by Karen Heimer and Janet L. Lauritsen; “Crime and Neighborhood Change” by Jeffrey Fagan; “An Empirical Assessment of the Contemporary Crime Trends Puzzle: A Modest Step Toward a Mo... Read More
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241 p.
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2008
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Brain Mechanisms and Antisocial Behavior: Neurological Research and Issues Concerning the Explanation, Reduction and Prevention of Criminality: Summary
By Kogel, C. de.
Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentatiecentrum (WODC) (The Hague, Netherlands); Netherlands. Ministry of Justice (The Hague, Netherlands).
The place of neurobiological knowledge in the prevention of crime, in particular antisocial behavior leading to the commission of criminal acts is explained. Sections following an introduction are: findings regarding child abuse and neglect; problem children and dangerous adolescents and violent adults; sex offenders; judicial intervention and the reduction of recidivism; and neuro-science and social cohesion and conflicts; and conclusions. "The main conclusion of this literature study is that ... Read More
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17 p.
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2008
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Reorienting Progressive Perspectives for Twenty-First Century Punishment Realities
By Berman, Douglas A..
Twenty-first century practices of punishment are looked at so "progressives can develop a more effective blueprint for initiating desperately needed changes to modern American criminal justice systems" (p. 2) This article is comprised of these sections: taking stock of modern incarceration explosion in the U.S.; the distracting (and counter-productive) focus on innocence, death and disparities; ideas for reorienting progressive punishment advocacy; and conclusion.... Read More
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20 p.
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1988
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Effects of Diet on Behavior: Implications for Criminology and Corrections
By Fishbein, Diana; Pease, Susan; Pung, Orville B..
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); Robert J. Kutak Foundation (Omaha, NE).
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47 p.
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