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2012
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Time Served: The High Cost, Low Return of Longer Prison Terms
By Gelb, Adam; King, Ryan; Rose, Felicity.
Pew Charitable Trusts. Pew Center on the States. Public Safety Performance Project (Washington, DC).
The intent of these resources is to “present a state-level portrait of how time served has changed during the past 20 years, how it has impacted prison populations and costs, and how policy makers can adjust it to generate a better public safety return on taxpayer dollars” (full report p. 2).
The full report explains how increased lengths of stay have had negative effects on state prisons. Sections following an executive summary include: introduction; length of stay in states; unpacking the num... Read More
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2011
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2010 Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics
U.S. Sentencing Commission (Washington, DC).
"[D]escriptive statistics on the application of the federal sentencing guidelines and . . . selected district, circuit, and national sentencing data" for fiscal year 2010 are provided (p. iii). Statistics are organized into the following areas: circuit and district statistics; primary offense and offender characteristics; sentencing information; guideline application; departures and sentences within the guideline range; drug cases; immigration cases; organizational sentencing practices; sentenc... Read More
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284 p.
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2010
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Predicting Post-Sentencing Re-Arrest
By Siddiqi, Qudsia.
New York City Criminal Justice Agency, Inc. (New York, NY).
This study “identified case and defendant characteristics associated with a lower-than-average risk of re-arrest” (p.1). Three incarcerative sentence types are analyzed-- definite, indeterminate, and determinate. Offenders are either sentenced by New York City Criminal Court or Supreme Court. Significant predictors of post-sentencing re-arrest are prior misdemeanor convictions, prior arrests, and prior warrants.... Read More
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8 pages
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2010
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Criminal Justice Trends: Key Legislative Changes in Sentencing Policy, 2001-2010
By Austin, Adrienne.
Pew Charitable Trusts. Pew Center on the States. Public Safety Performance Project (Washington, DC).
Vera Institute of Justice. Center on Sentencing and Corrections (New York, NY).
Changes in state sentencing policies during the period of 2001 to 2010 are discussed. Sections of this publication are: introduction; redefining and reclassifying criminal offenses—criminal codes, drug crimes, and property crimes; strengthening alternatives to incarceration—enhancing substance abuse treatment, establishing performance incentive funding, mandating evidence-based supervision, and expanding court-monitored treatment; and reducing prison terms—relaxing mandatory minimum laws, expand... Read More
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18 pages
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2009
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The Myths and Realities of Correctional Severity: Evidence from the National Corrections Reporting Program on Sentencing Practices
By Pfaff, John F..
"This paper examines one potential source of growth [in the U.S. prison population] that has received surprisingly little rigorous attention: changes in time actually served in prison" (p. 1). Following an abstract, this paper includes the following sections: an overview of release trends; determinants of sentence length; and conclusion. The author finds that prison growth is not due to time served but to changes in admissions.... Read More
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75 p.
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2009
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Alternative Sentencing in the Federal Criminal Justice System
By Semisch, Courtney.
U.S. Sentencing Commission (Washington, DC).
The use of sentencing options for federal offenders is investigated. Topics covered include: background; federal sentencing policy; determining guideline sentence; the U.S. citizen effect; trends in sentence types; offense types; criminal history; sentences imposed; sentences relative to the guideline range; offender characteristics; who are the eligible offenders sentenced to alternatives; category V offenders; offense severity; and conclusion.... Read More
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25 p.
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2009
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Final Report: The Impact of Illinois' Truth-in-Sentencing Law on Sentence Lengths, Time to Service and Disciplinary Incidents of Convicted Murderers and Sex Offenders
By Olson, David E.; Seng, Magnus; Boulger, Jordan; McClure, Mellissa.
Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority (Chicago, IL).
Loyola University of Chicago. Dept. of Criminal Justice (Chicago, IL).
The implementation in Illinois of TIS (truth-in-sentencing) is evaluated. Sections following an executive summary include: introduction; literature review; methodology; impact of TIS on sentence lengths and lengths of time to serve; and impact of TIS on disciplinary incidents. Murderers and Class X sex offenders "are now serving substantially longer periods of incarceration [post-TIS] than they did pre-TIS" (p. 5)... Read More
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65 p.
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2009
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Overview of Statutory Mandatory Minimum Sentencing
U.S. Sentencing Commission (Washington, DC).
Findings regarding mandatory minimum sentencing are presented. Sections of this report are: data on mandatory minimum sentencing -- demographics and trial rates; mechanisms for relief from mandatory minimum sentencing -- the Substantial Assistance Provision and Safety Valve Provision; and distribution of these sentences by offense type -- drug offenses, firearm offenses, and immigration, fraud, and criminal sexual abuse/pornography/prostitution offenses. Also included is a table listing the 171... Read More
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31 p.
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2009
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Felony Sentences in State Courts, 2006 - Statistical Tables
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
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2009
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2009 Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics
U.S. Sentencing Commission (Washington, DC).
"[D]escriptive statistics on the application of the federal sentencing guidelines and . . . selected district, circuit, and national sentencing data" for fiscal year 2009 are provided (p. iii). Statistics are organized into the following areas: circuit and district statistics; primary offense and offender characteristics; sentencing information; guideline application; departures and sentences within the guideline range; drug cases; immigration cases; organizational sentencing practices; sentenc... Read More
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270 p.
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2008
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Benefit-Cost Analyses of Sentencing
By McDougall, C.; Cohen, M.; Swaray R.; Perry, A..
Campbell Collaboration. Crime and Justice Group (N.P.).
The costs and benefits of various sentencing options are examined. This review has these sections: abstract; introduction; objectives of systematic review; method; description of studies; methodological quality of the studies; results for benefit-cost studies and cost-effectiveness studies; discussion; and reviewers' conclusions. "Evidence from the small number of studies in this review of the costs and benefits of sentencing would suggest that combining rehabilitation with structure may be cos... Read More
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87 p.
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2008
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Assessing Consistency and Fairness in Sentencing: A Comparative Study in Three States
By Ostrom, Brian J.; Ostrom, Charles W.; Hanson, Roger A.; Kleiman, Matthew.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
National Center for State Courts (Williamsburg, VA).
The substantially differing sentencing guidelines systems in Minnesota, Michigan, and Virginia are examined. The systems range from strict observance (MN), to some judicial discretion (MI), to voluntary compliance (VA). Sections of this report in addition to an executive summary are: what the focus of this investigation entails; how the state guideline systems compare; why these states were chosen; what are the critical elements of these three states' sentencing guideline systems; why predictab... Read More
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18 p.
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2008
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PFO Law Reform, A Crucial First Step Toward Sentencing Sanity in Kentucky
By Lawson, Robert G..
The need to reform Kentucky's persistent felony law (PFO) in order to reduce overcrowding in the state's prisons and jails is explained. Sections of this article are: introduction; philosophy, purpose, and reality; Kentucky's 1974 PFO (persistent felony offender) law; RFO's (repeat offender laws) of other states; PFO practices in Fayette County (KY); PFO practices in Scott County (KY); a note on disappearing criminal trails; and conclusion.... Read More
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36 p.
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2008
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Changing Face of Federal Criminal Sentencing
By Reedt, Louis; Widico-Stroop, Jessica.
U.S. Sentencing Commission (Washington, DC).
Changes over 17 years within the federal sentencing offender population and caseload are described. Some of the trends analyzed are: number of annual federal criminal sentencing; offender demographics; rate of offending during fiscal years 1991, 1999, and 2007; specific offense types that account for the increased federal caseload; and offender race/ethnicity by specific offense types.... Read More
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17 p.
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1995
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State Legislative Actions on Truth in Sentencing: A Review of Law and Legislation in the Context of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
LIS, Inc. (Longmont, CO); National Institute of Corrections Information Center (Longmont, CO).
This document provides state-by-state profiles of enacted truth-in-sentencing laws and pending truth-in-sentencing laws and pending truth-in-sentencing legislation. Also included is a list of each state's contact person and a table illustrating current laws and pending legislation.... Read More
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72 p.
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