NIAID Glossary of Funding and Policy Terms and Acronyms: R-S

Interim award that lets principal investigators continue research while reapplying for an R01 grant, or enables new investigators to gather preliminary data to improve their grant applications. Investigators do not apply for these awards; they are selected from R01 applications at the payline margin.

R56-Bridge award recipients receive one year of funding, which ends after they succeed in obtaining an R01 or after one year.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Paylines and Funding
• NIAID R56-Bridge Award SOP
• NIAID May Approve Special Funding in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• R56 and Selective Pay
• Funding Decisions questions and answers

Peer reviewer who serves as a backup for a primary peer reviewer and secondary peer reviewer. A reader reads a grant application thoroughly before an initial peer review meeting but does not usually prepare a written critique.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: SROs Assess Completeness, Assign Reviewers in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

For electronic applications, the Grants.gov due date for a funding opportunity announcement; same as submission date.

For paper applications, date due to the NIH Center for Scientific Review; differs from submission date.

Submission date also differs from closing date.

Investigator-initiated applications have three receipt dates (except NIAID's training grants, due September 25 only). Applications and proposals responding to initiatives are due on the date stated in the Guide announcement.

For more information, go to these resources:

• Standard Due Dates for Competing Applications
• Submission Policies
• NIAID's R01 Application to Award Timeline by Review Cycle, Assignment SOPs
• NIAID's How to Submit Electronically on Time in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal

Routing of grant applications arriving at NIH. The referral section of the Center for Scientific Review is the central receipt point for competing applications.

CSR referral officers assign each application to an NIH institute and refer it to an integrated review group using NIH referral criteria. Alternatively, NIH encourages principal investigators to self-assign.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• CSR
• Division of Receipt and Referral
• Standard Due Dates for Competing Applications
• NIAID's Applications Are Assigned to an Institute and IRG in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• NIAID's Peer Review of Applications -- CSR questions and answers

Molecules that are either constructed outside living cells by joining natural or synthetic DNA segments to DNA molecules that can replicate in a living cell or DNA resulting from that replication. See institutional biosafety committee.

For more information, go to this resource: NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules.

1. Designation by a scientific review group that a grant application merits funding. As a result of the initial peer review, it receives a summary statement and overall impact/priority score, which is the primary basis for a funding decision by NIAID.

Roughly the top half of applications reviewed are recommended for funding, although a much smaller proportion is actually funded largely due to budget contraints. See not recommended for further consideration, payline, streamlined review, and unscored.

2. Action resulting from second-level review by an institute's advisory Council recommending funding for an application based on program priorities and balance and lack of barriers such as human subjects issues.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Assigning an Overall Impact/Priority Score, Noncompetitive Applications Get a Streamlined Review, and Funding Decisions in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• Second-Level Review and Funding Decisions in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal

Funding level recommended for each year of a non-modular budget in initial peer review by a scientific review group. The actual amount is subject to NIAID's annual financial management plan and scientific progress (for a renewal).

See escalation factor. For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Paylines and Funding.

Bill containing changes in law recommended in the instructions of a budget resolution. If instructions pertain to only one committee, that committee reports the reconciliation bill.

If the instructions pertain to more than one committee, the Budget Committee reports an omnibus reconciliation bill, but it may not make substantive changes to recommendations of the other committees.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: NIAID Funding Opportunity Planning and the Budget Cycle.

State in which an inventor has specified an invention in words, drawings, or other means so anyone familiar with the field would be able to make, implement, or perform the invention. It does not mean the inventor has made or performed the invention.

Grant application that must undergo initial peer review to continue the funding of a research project. See application type,

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Part 12. Renewal Application in our NIH Grant Cycle
• Renewal Applications questions and answers
• Renewal Funding SOP

Reallocation of unused balances from an extramural program division's set aside funds (for initiatives, selective pay, R56-Bridge awards) to other high-priority areas. Also see reprogramming.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Repooling and Reprogramming SOP.

Required statements by an offeror or contractor that must accompany federal contracts and proposals, such as details of its accounting procedures and compliance with small business and trade agreements.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Contracts portal.

Reallocation of funds between grant mechanisms or from a contract to a grant, which must approved by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Management and Budget, and Congress. Go to the Repooling and Reprogramming SOP. Also see reprogramming.

Initiative sponsored by one or more NIH institutes or centers that stimulates targeted research by requesting grant applications in a well-defined scientific area.

RFAs have a single receipt date and identify funds set aside and the number of grants likely to be made. Institutes publish RFAs in the NIH Guide and in Grants.gov as funding opportunity announcements.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• NIH Funding Opportunities Relevant to NIAID
• Requests for Applications SOP
• Processes for Applications Reviewed at NIAID questions and answers
• Application Approach: What Are Your Choices? in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal

Initiative sponsored by an NIH institute that requests proposals for a contract to meet a specific need, such as the development of an animal model.

RFPs have a single proposal receipt date and are published in FedBizOpps: Federal Business Opportunities and sometimes in the NIH Guide.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• FedBizOpps: Federal Business Opportunities
• NIAID's RFPs on Contracts portal
• NIAID's Request for Proposals SOP

Notice used to obtain price, delivery, market information, or capabilities for planning purposes. May be used by the government to collect information before plans to award a contract.

For more information, go to these resources:

• Solicitation and Receipt of Proposals and Information section 15.201e of the Federal Acquisition Regulation
• NIAID's Contracts portal

Contract that provides for purchasing supplies or services during a period of performance, with deliverables scheduled by placing orders with a contractor.

For more information, go to these resources: FAR 16.503 and NIAID's Contracts portal.

1. Search to achieve new or fuller knowledge or practically apply knowledge.

2. Human subjects term for a systematic investigation, including development, testing, and evaluation, to develop generalizable knowledge.

For more information, go to these resources: 45 CFR 46.102 and full 45 CFR 46.

Research -- search to achieve new or fuller knowledge or practically apply knowledge.

Development -- use of knowledge gained from research to create useful materials or methods.

Form for nonmodular budgets in the Grant Application Package for electronic applications.

Depending on the funding opportunity announcement, level of support (see modular budget), and use of a subaward, investigators use one or more of the following components of the Grant Application Package:

• Research and Related Budget component.
• PHS 398 Modular Budget, Periods 1 and 2.
• R&R Subaward Budget Attachments.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Strategy for Planning a Budget in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

Form in the Grant Application Package for electronic applications that includes information on human subjects and research animals and attachments for Project Narrative, Project Summary/Abstract, Bibliography and References Cited, and others.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: NIH Grant Application: Section by Section in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

Form for modular budgets in the Grant Application Package for electronic applications that includes identifying information on the project sites.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: NIH Grant Application: Section by Section in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

Research and Related Senior/Key Person Profile form

and

Research and Related Senior/Key Person Profile Expanded form

Forms for modular budgets in the Grant Application Package for electronic applications that include information on the project director/principal investigator and key personnel, the eRA Commons ID field (called agency login), and biographical sketch fields and attachments.

The expanded version accommodates more key personnel. Only some Grant Application Packages have it.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Senior/Key Person Profile Form: Prepare the Biographical Sketches in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

Multiproject grant in the P series supporting shared resources for a multidisciplinary research group of investigators focused on a common research topic.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Other Grant Types portal and Instructions for Preparing a Multiproject Research Application.

Research Design and Methods

Section of an NIH grant application's Research Plan describing the design, procedures, and analyses to accomplish a project's specific aims.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Research Design and Methods -- Writing and Research Design and Methods -- Evaluating in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

Fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, reviewing, or reporting research.

• Fabrication -- making up data or results.
• Falsification -- manipulating research resources or processes, or changing or omitting data or results to make the research record inaccurate.
• Plagiarism -- appropriating another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving credit.

Research misconduct does not include honest error or differences of opinion. See Office of Research Integrity and PHS Alert System.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Bars to Grant Awards -- Research Misconduct SOP and Research Misconduct Cases SOP.

Research Plan

Main part of an NIH grant application describing the importance of a principal investigator's proposed research and how the project will be conducted.

A typical Research Plan has four main sections: Specific Aims, Background and Significance, Preliminary Studies/Progress Report, and Research Design and Methods.

See PHS 398 Research Plan form (for electronic applications), and go to NIAID's Part 5. Research Plan in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

Budget term referring to the following grant types: R01, R03, R21, R23, R37, R41, R42, R43, R44, R55, P01, P42, U01, U19, U43, and U44. RPGs are research grants awarded to an institution.

• R series are single research project grants.
• P series are multiproject grants.
• U series cooperative agreements can be either single project -- U01, U43, U44 -- or multiproject awards -- U19.

Unlike a multiproject award, a single project award addresses one research topic even if it involves several sites.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Grants portal.

Monies added to an existing grant to support and promote diversity, people with disabilities, and people returning to work from family responsibilities. Compare with administrative supplement.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources: Research Supplements in the Advice on Research Training and Career Awards tutorial and Training and Career portal.

Monies added to an existing grant to support scientists who have taken time off to care for children or parents, or attend to other family responsibilities.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Reentry Supplements and Training and Career portal.

Monies added to an existing grant to support graduate students who are disabled or from underrepresented groups, postdocs, and faculty.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources: Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research and Training and Career portal.

Human subjects research involving individually identifiable human specimens or data and subject to federal and state regulatory requirements. For example, this would include research on living persons using:

• Bodily materials such as cells, blood, urine, tissues, organs, hair or nail clippings, even if collected by others.
• Residual diagnostic specimens, including those from routine patient care, that are kept for research rather than discarded.
• Private information, such as medical or genetic information, even if collected for another study.

Process NIAID uses some fiscal years to shorten a grant's budget period by giving it a new grant anniversary date, generally to avoid having too many awards start at the end of a fiscal year.

Resetting a grant's start date may affect when a grantee would submit a renewal application.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Resetting Grant Start Dates questions and answers.

For electronic grant applications, the Facilities and Other Resources attachment is on the Research and Related Budget Other Project Information form.

For paper applications, Form page in PHS 398 grant application describing all essential resources in an application.

For more information, go to these resources:

• Form page in PHS 398 grant application
• NIAID's Other Project Information Form: Facilities, Resources, and Equipment in Part 6. Other Application Sections

Special term and condition in a Notice of Award or article in a contract that does one of the following:

• Prohibits a grantee or contractor from using funds or conducting research using human subjects, research animal, select agents, or other area.
• Limits the use of funds to a specified purpose.

It may be lifted or adjusted after requirements are met.

See bar to award.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources: Bars to Grant Awards, Restricted Awards for Contracts Involving Human Subjects, and Contracts Involving Animals SOPs.

Grant application resubmitted to NIH after an investigator who did not succeed in getting funded revises it based on feedback from the initial peer review. Resubmissions are indicated in the application identification number, e.g., A1.

Applicants may resubmit applications submitted on January 25, 2009, and later only once. Applicants may resubmit applications submitted before that date twice and must do so by January 7, 2011.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Part 11b. Not Funded, Reapply in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• Unfunded Applicants and Resubmission Advice questions and answers

Member of an NIH initial peer review committee who facilitates discussions of grant applications and contract proposals during the review.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources: At the Peer Review Meeting: Basic Layout of Initial Peer Review in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal and Peer Review portal.

Time span for one NIH Center for Scientific Review initial peer review round from the receipt of grant applications to the date of an initial peer review meeting. There are three cycles a year for investigator-initiated grants.

For more information, go to these resources:

• Standard Due Dates for Competing Applications
• NIAID's R01 Application to Award Timeline by Review Cycle
• NIAID's Peer Review portal

NIH committee of senior peer review staff that advises NIH on extramural review issues. It has one voting member from each institute and several from the NIH Center for Scientific Review.

Application to add funds to a grant to expand its scope or meet needs of a research protocol. Applicants must apply and undergo peer review. Formerly called competing supplement; the former term revision is now resubmission.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Revision of a Grant SOP.

Written report from a sponsor notifying FDA and investigators of serious and unexpected adverse events or adverse device effects with an investigational new drug or investigational medical device.

For more information, go to these resources:

• 21 CFR 312.32 (c)
• 21 CFR 812.150 (b)
• NIAID's Data and Safety Monitoring Boards SOP

Internal NIAID database that integrates the creation and approval of concepts for subsequent development as a request for application, request for proposal, or program announcement, and their scheduling and tracking by fiscal year.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources: Scientific Initiative Management System SOP and Phasing of Initiatives SOP.

Formerly used term. See scientific review officer.

Chartered committee performing initial peer review in either the NIH Center for Scientific Review or an institute. SRGs are managed by a scientific review officer.

Institutes review grant applications with their own review requirements. Also see dual peer review, study section, and integrated review group.

See Scientific Review Program for a list of application types reviewed by NIAID.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• Peer Review Meetings -- CSR questions and answers
• Peer Review portal

Federal scientist who presides over a scientific review group and coordinates and reports the initial peer review of each grant application assigned to it.

Scientific review officers act as intermediaries between applicants and reviewers and prepare summary statements for all applications reviewed. Also see scientific review group.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Who Peer Reviews Your Application? in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• Peer Review of Applications -- CSR questions and answers
• Peer Review portal

NIAID organization in the Division of Extramural Activities that oversees initial peer review of grant applications and contract proposals with Institute-specific requirements:

• Program projects (P)
• cooperative agreements (U)
• Training (T) and career development (K) grants
• Contracts (N)
• Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trial Planning and Implementation Grants (R34, U01)
• Responses to requests for applications and requests for proposals

For more information, go to these NIAID resources Grants and and Peer Review portals. For contact information, go to SRP Contacts.

Human subjects term indicating an initial peer review group's determination whether gender and minority representation conform to NIH guidelines and pertain to the science.

A determination of unacceptable bars funding an application or proposal until NIH staff and the principal investigator resolve the issue. Criteria are different for clinical trials and other clinical research.

Scientific parameters of a funded research project. Grantees cannot change the scope of a project without NIAID approval because that would significantly alter the project the peer reviewers and Council recommended for funding.

See prior approval for grants

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: NIAID's What Constitutes a Change in Scope? in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

Grant application a study section judges to be competitive, generally in the upper half of those being initial peer reviewed. It receives an overall impact/priority score and may be funded by an Institute or center. Also see unscored.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Assigning an Overall Impact/Priority Score in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• Peer Review of Applications -- CSR questions and answers
• Peer Review portal

Review generally conducted by an institute's advisory Council that results in funding recommendations to the NIAID or other NIH institute director.

Second-level review looks at program priorities and balance and a lack of barriers to funding such as unresolved human subjects issues. It does not reassess the science. See also expedited second-level review and initial peer review.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Council portal
• R01 Application to Award Timeline by Review Cycle
• Part 9. Second-Level Review in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal

Assignment of a grant application by the Center for Scientific Review to an institute or center as a backup for funding should the primary IC decide not to fund it. Either a program officer or applicant can request secondary assignment.

Also see primary assignment, dual assignment, and receipt, referral, and assignment of applications.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal:

• Requesting an Institute
• Applications Are Assigned to an Institute and Integrated Review Group
• Call If You Are Not Satisfied With a CSR Assignment

Peer reviewer who serves as a backup for a primary peer reviewer. Both read a grant application thoroughly before an initial peer review meeting to lend their expertise to the group discussion. The secondary peer reviewer may also write a critique. Also see reader.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources: SROs Assess Completeness, Assign Reviewers in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal and Peer Review Meetings -- CSR questions and answers.

Secure system peer reviewers use to receive electronic reimbursement for expenses and honoraria that result from participating in initial peer review meetings. SPRS is in the Commons.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Reimbursement for Peer Reviewers SOP.

Biological agent or toxin listed in 42 CFR Part 73, 7 CFR Part 331 and 9 CFR Part 121, or the HHS and USDA Select Agents and Toxins List.

Investigators who possess or use a select agent must register with and get approval from either the CDC National Select Agent Registry Program or USDA APHIS Agricultural Select Agent Program, depending on the agent.

For a list of Overlap select agents regulated by CDC and USDA, go to Select Agent and Toxin List.

Also see overlap select agent, NIAID category A, B, and C priority pathogen, and highly pathogenic infectious agents.

For more information, go to these resources:

• 42 CFR Part 73
• 7 CFR Part 331
• 9 CFR Part 121
• HHS and USDA Select Agents and Toxins List
• Biodefense Research and Development
• NIAID's Select Agent Awards SOP

For R01 applications at the margin of the payline, the funding of a small number of grant applications that are programmatically important or from investigators who are new, as recommended by NIAID's advisory Council.

Investigators cannot apply for selective pay funding; rather, they are nominated by NIAID program officers. Also called select pay.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Paylines and Funding, Selective Pay SOP
• NIAID May Approve Special Funding in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• R56 and Selective Pay and Funding Decisions questions and answers

Information that could have a serious adverse effect on a person or an organization's operations or assets if lost, stolen, or tampered with.

Examples include the following:

• Social security numbers.
• Patient and medical information.
• Personally identifiable information.
• Contents of Employee Invention Reports before submission of a patent application.
• Correspondence that includes proprietary information.
• Grant applications and contract proposals.
• Manuscripts not yet been submitted whose contents have not been publicly presented.
• Passwords and access codes.
• Anything protected by the Privacy Act.

Adverse event that results in death, life-threatening experience, hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization, significant disability, or a birth defect.

Investigators must file serious adverse event reports with a sponsor and institutional review board, which reports them to FDA. IND sponsors must notify FDA and NIAID within 24 hours. If applicable, investigators must also file an FDA Adverse Event Report.

For more information, go to these resources: Adverse Event Reporting System and NIAID Human Subjects Resources portal.

Monies budgeted for a defined purpose in a fiscal year. Institute set-asides include selective pay and R56-Bridge awards. For congressional set asides, see earmark.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources: Paylines and Funding, Financial Management Plan SOP, and NIAID Funding Policy and Process SOP.

Cover page for an electronic Grant Application Package together with the PHS 398 Cover Page Supplement. Term may also be used to signify the entire electronic Grant Application Package.

Also see funding opportunity announcement.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources: Grant Application portal and SF 424 (Cover Page) in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

See model organism sharing.

Predoctoral trainee supported for a two to three-month training experience, usually in the summer.

See other significant contributor.

Term used in the Commons to denote person with authority to legally bind an institution for grant matters.

In the Commons, signing officials can register an institution, create and modify institutional profile and user accounts, and view all the institution's grants, including status and award data.

Business independently owned and operated and not dominant in its field that meets a certain size standard.

For more information, go to these resources:

• 13 CFR part 121
• NIH Small Business Funding Opportunities
• NIAID's Small Business Awards portal
• NIAID's Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer Grants SOP
• NIAID's Small Business Awards questions and answers

Organization that assists and protects the interests of small businesses and helps families and businesses recover from national disasters.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Small Business Administration.

For-profit business located in the U.S., independently owned and operated, not dominant in its field of operation, and qualified as a small business using criteria in 13 CFR part 121.

For more information, go to these resources: 13 CFR part 121 and FAR 19.102.

Government-wide program that promotes R&D with the potential for commercialization at small business concerns.

See NIAID Advanced Technology SBIR, SBIR Fast Track, Small Business Technology Transfer, and Bayh-Dole Act.

For more information, go to these resources:

• Small Business Act
• NIH Small Business Funding Opportunities
• NIAID's Small Business Awards portal

SBIR award that allows concurrent submission and peer review of phase I and phase II grant applications to reduce a potential funding gap between the phases.

For more information, go to these resources:

• Small Business Act
• NIH Small Business Funding Opportunities
• NIAID's Small Business Awards portal

Government-wide program that promotes R&D with the potential for commercialization at small business concerns. It differs from Small Business Innovation Research in requiring a formal collaborative relationship with a university or other non-profit research institution.

See Small Business Innovation Research and Bayh-Dole Act.

For more information, go to these resources:

• Small Business Act
• NIH Small Business Funding Opportunities
• NIAID's Small Business Awards portal

Business that is at least 51 percent owned (including publicly owned) by socially and economically disadvantaged U.S. citizens who control its daily business. Companies are certified by the Small Business Administration under Section 8(a) of the Small Business Act.

For more information, go to this resource: Small Business Act.

Contracting process to acquire supplies or services after soliciting and negotiating with only one source.

For more information, go to these resources: FAR 6.303 and NIAID's Contracts portal.

Process for selecting a contractor after initial peer review.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources: Contracts portal and Negotiation, Source Selection, and Award SOPs.

Notices in FedBizOpps that survey the market to determine if there are potential contractors that can satisfy government requirements.

For more information, go to these resources:

• FedBizOpps
• NIAID's Federal Business Opportunities SOP
• NIAID's Contracts portal

Ad hoc initial peer review group with expertise to review a set of research grant applications or contract proposals. See also scientific review group, integrated review group, and study section.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Processes for Applications Reviewed at NIAID questions and answers.

Section of an NIH grant application's Research Plan stating the objectives and milestones of a research project.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Start With Specific Aims in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

Person or organization that initiates but does not conduct a clinical study, usually a drug or device manufacturer or the research institution that developed a drug.

Sponsors distribute investigational new drugs or investigational medical devices to principal investigators and ensure compliance with regulations, for example, obtaining FDA approval to conduct a clinical trial and reporting results to FDA.

For more information, go to these resources: FDA and 21 CFR 812.3.

Negotiated contract usually between an academic institution and a private corporation giving the institution financial support in return for an option for the company to license patentable items stemming from the research.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources: Contracts portal and Office of Technology Development.

Cell that can divide indefinitely in cell culture and produce specialized cells. Usually derived from an early embryonic stem cell or embryonic germ cell, but certain types can be derived from adult cells. For policy term, see human embryonic stem cell.

See multipotent, oligopotent, pluripotent, totipotent, and unipotent stem cells.

For more information, go to these resources: NIH Stem Cell Information and NIAID Human Subjects Resources portal.

Student financial support provided on training grants and fellowships for living expenses.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources: Training and Career portal and Salaries and Stipends questions and answers.

Called SNAP, streamlined process to continue support of a PHS-supported grant.

To continue funding, a grantee sends a PHS 2590 form to NIAID's Grants Management Program two months before the beginning of a new budget period, following SNAP procedures in the PHS 2590.

SNAP Financial status reports are due at the end of a competitive segment. A Notice of Award states whether a grant is awarded under SNAP.

See eSNAP.

For more information, go to these resources:

• PHS 2590
• PHS 2590 form
• NIAID's eSNAP (Electronic Streamlined Noncompeting Award Process) SOP
• NIAID's Progress Reports and eSNAP questions and answers
• NIAID's Grant Award and Management portal

Practice through which grant applications judged unanimously by the peer reviewers as unlikely to be funded are not discussed and do not receive an overall impact/priority score.

These are roughly in the bottom half of applications being reviewed, though the percentage varies by study section and grant type. NIH sends the investigator the primary and secondary reviewers' initial scores and critiques as feedback.

Formerly called triage. See also recommended, unscored, and summary statement.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Noncompetitive Applications Get a Streamlined Review and Part 11b. Not Funded, Reapply in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.
• Peer Review portal

Component of an integrated review group of the NIH Center for Scientific Review that conducts initial peer review in a designated scientific area.

Composed of scientific experts, study sections are managed by CSR scientific review officers. Also called scientific review group. See initial peer review and dual peer review.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Requesting a Study Section, Peer Review Meetings -- CSR questions and answers
• Peer Review portal
• CSR's Study Section Rosters

Collaborative arrangement between a grantee institution and one or more participating profit or nonprofit institutions in support of a research project. Also known as consortium agreement.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Subawards for Grants SOP
• Consultants or Collaborators -- How They Differ
• Where to Add Consortium and Contractual Agreements in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal

Healthy person or patient who participates in a clinical investigation of an investigational drug or investigational medical device or who is a control.

For more information, go to these resources:

• 21 CFR 312.3
• 21 CFR 812.3
• NIAID's Contracts portal

Invention defined by the Bayh-Dole Act as emanating from government funding conceived of or first reduced to practice under an award.

For more information, go to these resources: 37 CFR 401.2 and full 37 CFR 401.

For electronic grant applications, date Grants.gov must receive the application, same as receipt date. 

For paper applications, date by which an applicant must mail an application to (not date received by) the Center for Scientific Review, which differs from the receipt date. 

Submission date also differs from closing date.

For more information, go to these resources:

• NIH's Submission Policies section of Standard Due Dates for Competing Applications
• NIAID's How to Submit Electronically on Time in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal

Human subjects term indicating a group further defined by geographic origins, national origins, or cultural differences. Subpopulation data can be defined and reported by self-reporting or other means.

Mixed racial or ethnic descent also applies to subpopulations, and such combinations may have biomedical or cultural implications for the science.

Roughly the number of grant applications funded by an NIH institute, divided by the number of applications referred to it that were peer reviewed. Applications resubmitted during the fiscal year are counted only once.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: Part 10. Funding Decisions in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

Official document showing the outcome of initial peer review, including overall impact/priority score (and percentile for an R01), codes if there are areas of concern (e.g., a human subjects concern), and a recommended budget.

Most summary statements also have a short synopsis prepared by a scientific review officer based on peer reviewer critiques.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources:

• Know What a Summary Statement Means and Summary Statements Have Their Limitations in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• Peer Review portal

Monies that add funds to an existing grant, including research supplements, administrative supplements, and revisions.

For more information, go to these NIAID resources: Supplements portal and Supplements to Grants questions and answers.

See research supplement to promote diversity in health-related research.

See research supplement.

Monies added to a budget appropriations bill. Supplemental funds bolster an existing appropriation deemed insufficient by Congress or pay for activities not covered by an appropriation.

For more information, go to this NIAID resource: NIAID Funding Opportunity Planning and the Budget Cycle.