NIAID Glossary of Funding and Policy Terms and Acronyms: T-Z

For electronic grant applications, a table of contents is generated automatically.

For paper applications, Form Page 3 in the paper PHS 398 grant application.

Form listing potential populations to be enrolled for human subjects research. For paper grant applications use the Targeted/Planned Enrollment Table. For electronic applications, use the Targeted/Planned Enrollment Table form in your Grant Application Package. See Grant Application Guide.

Also see Inclusion Enrollment Report Table. Go to NIAID's Send the Inclusion Enrollment Form With Your Progress Report in How to Write a Human Subjects Grant Application and NIAID Human Subjects Resources portal.

Research funded from an NIH institute's set aside of dollars for a scientific area. Institutes solicit research using requests for applications for grants and requests for proposals for contracts. See the converse unsolicited research, investigator-initiated, and program announcement.

Go to NIAID's list of NIH Funding Opportunities Relevant to NIAID, Targeted Research SOPs, and Application Approach: What Are Your Choices? in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

Panel of peer reviewers with scientific or technical expertise who conduct initial peer review of the scientific and technical merit of R&D contract proposals. They vote on acceptability and make other recommendations.

Go to NIAID's Contracts and Peer Review of R&D Contract Technical Proposals SOP.

Report prepared by a scientific review officer after initial peer review of R&D contract proposals stating scores, strengths, and weaknesses and indicating whether acceptable or unacceptable. Go to NIAID's Contracts and Peer Review of R&D Contract Technical Proposals SOP.

NIH legal requirements for a grant or contract, based on statute, regulation, or policy. Terms are described in a Notice of Award or contract. See NIAID's Clinical Terms of Award and select agent.

Go to NIAID's:

• Read Your Notice of Award, Know Your Terms in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal
• Clinical Terms of Award SOP
• Biodefense Research and Developments for biodefense terms
• Grant Award and Management portal

National Research Service Award Institutional Research Training Grant (T32) and Short-Term Institutional Research Training Grant (T35). These grants provide domestic, nonprofit, and private or public graduate-level academic institutions with funds for training predoctoral and postdoctoral candidates.

Go to to NIAID's Training and Career portal, Institutional Research Training Grants in the Advice on Research Training and Career Awards tutorial, and Training Grants questions and answers.

FDA procedure for giving patients with serious or life-threatening diseases access to investigational new drugs outside a clinical trial.

See investigational new drug application and Treatment IND in FDA's Handbook for more information. Go to 21 CFR 312.34 and 21 CFR 312.36.

Cost that cannot be included in a price, cost-reimbursement, or settlement under a government contract. Go to FAR 31.001.

Group underrepresented in biomedical research, defined as:

• People with disabilities, i.e., who have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.
• People from disadvantaged backgrounds.
• Racial and ethnic groups such as blacks or African Americans, Hispanics or Latinos, American Indians or Alaskan Natives, and Native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islanders.

Underrepresented status is used as eligibility for NIH programs such as Research Supplements to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research and Predoctoral Fellowships to Promote Diversity (F31).

Go to NIAID's Predoctoral Grants Support Minority and Disabled Students and Special Populations questions and answers. See the human subjects definition of minority group.

Improper pressure or coercion to shape a person's presence of mind and actions, depriving that person's freedom of choice. Human subjects protections prevent investigators from using such measures to enroll people in research. See informed consent.

Go to 45 CFR 46.116 general requirements for informed consent and 21 CFR 50.20.

Expenses agreed to but not paid for by the end of a budget period.

In the financial status report for a final budget period, unliquidated obligations must be zero.

Funds not used by the completion of a grant's project period. Grantees must report unobligated balances over 25 percent of total costs to their grants management specialist.

Grants awarded under expanded authorities may carry over unobligated funds from one budget period to another within an approved project period without prior approval, as stated in the Notice of Award.

Describes a grant application that does not receive a full initial peer review or overall impact/priority score because it was either streamlined or not recommended for further consideration. These applications receive the primary and secondary reviewers' critiques as a summary statement.

Occasionally, an unscored application is funded by a special action of an NIH institute's advisory council. Also see recommended.

Go to NIAID's Part 11b. Not Funded, Reapply in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal and Peer Review portal.

Research funded after an investigator submits a research grant application on a topic of his or her choice, including applications responding to program announcements. See investigator-initiated research and parent program announcement; see the converse, targeted research.

Go to NIAID's How does NIH define investigator-initiated applications? question and answer and Application Approach: What Are Your Choices? in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

Federal government agency with programs for food, agriculture, natural resources, and related topics. USDA implements the Animal Welfare Act and regulates the study of pathogens and toxins for livestock and plants.

For select agent-related information, see select agent. Go to USDA.

Human subjects term indicating an unbiased assessment that generally yields a correct estimate of the difference in outcomes between two groups of subjects. Used for small and large clinical studies, a valid analysis does not need high statistical power for detecting an effect. Also see analysis.

Main requirements for ensuring a valid analysis are as follows:

• Allocation of study participants of both genders and from different racial and ethnic groups to intervention and control groups by an unbiased process, such as randomization.
• Unbiased evaluation of an outcome.
• Use of unbiased statistical analyses and methods of inference to estimate and compare intervention effects among different groups.

For electronic grant applications, automated check of an application against the Grant Application Guide and funding opportunity announcement that can result in errors or warnings. Go to NIAID's About Validations in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

For electronic grant applications, two-day period an applicant can use to check an application image to make sure it meets expectations.

Unless a signing official rejects an application, it automatically becomes final -- moves to the Center for Scientific Review -- at midnight EST two business days after passing validation.

Go to NIAID's If Your Application Passes Commons Validation and If You Want to Correct After Passing Commons Validation in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal.

For electronic grant applications, result of Grants.gov or eRA Commons validation that may require the applicant's attention although it does not stop an application from becoming final, i.e., moving to the Center for Scientific Review. Also see error.

Go to NIAID's About Validations in the NIH Grant Cycle: Application to Renewal and Corrected or Late Electronic Applications questions and answers.

Human subjects term indicating a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.

See Targeted/Planned Enrollment Table and Inclusion Enrollment Report Table.

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