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Lessons on the Lake: An Educator's Guide to the Pontchartrain Basin
Louisiana’s Lake Pontchartrain Basin is home to 1.5 million people and an estuary ecosystem with enormous biodiversity. Activities in the educator’s guide help students in grades 5-12 gain an understanding and appreciation of the Basin and teaches them the skills to identify environmental concerns, make changes, and solve problems.

South Florida Ecosystem
A very brief summary of the history of the south Florida ecosystem (Everglades, Florida Bay and Biscayne Bay) and current preservation efforts, written for children.

U.S. Coral Reefs -- Imperiled National Treasures
Coral reefs are home to 25% of all marine species. Learn where and why coral reefs form, where they're located in the United States, and the threats they face through this brief, well-illustrated site.

National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII)
Use the NBII to explore the broad range and scope of science in biology, biodiversity, and ecology from the USGS and its partners. NBII includes research on botany, birds, fisheries and aquatic resources, coral reefs, amphibians, reptiles, invasive species, West Nile Virus, wildlife population genetics, pollinator declines, wildlife diseases, and much more.

National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) Kids
Activities, games, projects, and stories that teach younger children about animals, climate change, bee population declines, wild birds, and more.

National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) Digital Image Library
Each photograph in this extensive collection is available in low, medium, and high resolution. Most images are in the public domain and can be freely downloaded. Images are grouped as plants, animals, or fungi and lichen.

Animal Congregations, or What do you Call a Group of...
Collective nouns or group names for all sorts of critters!

South Florida Information Access Kids Page
Learn about the myriad ecosystems that are supported in South Florida and the creatures that inhabit them. The site includes coloring pages and games.

Hawaii Wildlife Coloring Pages
Kids games.

Checklist of Amphibian Species and Identification Guide
An online guide for the identification of amphibians in North America north of Mexico.

Tadpoles of the United States and Canada: A Tutorial and Key
A key for the tadpoles of the United States and Canada. More details of ontogenetic variation are included than in many keys, and more attention is paid to using characteristics of living tadpoles. A tutorial examines morphological traits, and color photographs are included to simplify the identification process.

NBII FrogWeb: Amphibian Declines and Malformations
FrogWeb is a one-stop shop for information about amphibian declines and malformations, amphibian identification guides, resources for children, lists of monitoring programs that utilize amateur observers, and ideas for creating amphibian-friendly habitats.

Frogwatch USA
Learn to identify local frog and toad species by their unique vocalizations, then use this knowledge to provide data to Frogwatch about amphibian populations in your backyard or local wetland. Frogwatch provides all the information that is needed to help students of all ages become effective volunteers and advocates for amphibian conservation.

Bird Checklists of the United States
Lists of known bird species for areas in all states of the U.S. Instructions are included on how to create your own checklist.

Whooping Cranes
The USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center has been breeding whooping cranes for release to the wild since 1967. This site has extensive information and Frequently Asked Questions about whooping cranes plus videos and a list of recent articles. Be sure to click on the sitemap to see fascinating photos and information about raising individual chicks.

Caterpillars of Eastern Forests
Brief sections on caterpillar life cycle, morphology, collecting, rearing, and preserving apply to any location. Caterpillars found in eastern forests are listed by family. A photograph and description is provided for each.

Caterpillars of Pacific Northwest Forests and Woodlands
Describes caterpillar morphology, ecology, and handling. A key to families and species groups includes photographs.

Macromoths of Northwest Forests and Woodlands
The macromoths in the woodlands and forests of the Pacific Northwest are represented by 1,200 species. This report has diagnostic narrative and photographs for 251 species plus discussion on 300 additional species. The actual geographic range for these species extends east to the Rockies and south to California.

Butterflies and Moths of North America
A searchable database of verified butterfly and moth records in the United States and Mexico. This site includes dynamic distribution maps, photographs, species accounts, and species checklists for each county in the U.S. and each state in Mexico.

Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata) of the United States
Distribution maps, photographs, and checklists for dragonflies and damselflies in all states of the U.S. Includes an extensive list of links to other resources.

Mayflies of the United States
Information on the known distribution of mayflies in the United States. Includes checklists for every county.

Stoneflies of the United States
Information on the known distribution of stoneflies in the United States. Includes checklists for every county.

Tiger Beetles of the United States
Information on the known distribution of tiger beetles in the U.S. Includes checklists, photographs, and distribution maps.

Disease Maps
Up-to-date maps showing occurences of West Nile Virus, St. Louis Encephalitis, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Western Equine Encephalitis, La Crosse Encephalitis, and Powassan Virus. Links to maps from previous years are included.

Bats
Bats are a critical species for pollinating plants, distributing fruit seeds, and consuming insects. Learn how the USGS monitors bat populations and listen to bat vocalizations.

Polar Bears
Polar bears are one of 4 marine mammal species managed by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Track polar bears by satellite and learn about their habitat.

Sea Otters
Sea otters are one of 4 marine mammal species managed by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Learn about sea otter basics and follow links to USGS podcasts, a film, a fact sheet, and other information about sea otters.

Manatees
Manatees are one of 4 marine mammal species managed by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Read an information sheet about manatees, access photographs, watch

Helping Your Child Learn Geography  
A 32-page booklet, published in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Education and the National Geographic Society, that is designed to help adults stir children's curiosity about geography. Includes many suggestions for simple activities. K-4.

Map Adventures (Teacher Packet)  
This on-line teacher packet for grades K-3 teaches basic concepts for visualizing objects from different perspectives and how to understand and use maps. The kit includes seven lesson plans, activity sheets, and a printable poster.

What Do Maps Show? (Teacher Packet)  
This on-line teacher packet for upper elementary and junior high school students has four lessons on reading and using maps. The packet includes a teacher's guide, four printable activity sheets, and three maps in PDF format that can be downloaded and printed on 8.5" x 11" paper.

USGS Geography Products
A list of online fact sheets, booklets, and educational resources related to geography and mapping.

The National Atlas of the United States  
This invaluable educational tool is a free, interactive version of the traditional paper United States atlas. Most information is designed to depict geographic patterns and trends on a national scale. Topics include agricultural use, forestation, population density, transportation, and more. Use the Map Maker tool to create custom maps or print one of hundreds of pre-formatted page-size maps that are excellent for classroom use. This is the best source for creating quick maps that cover large areas.

Outline Maps of the United States - Printable Maps from The National Atlas  
Download or print PDF files for several different outline maps of the United States, individual states, and counties within a state. Files print on 8.5" x 11" paper.

Latitude and Longitude - The National Atlas
Article describing latitude and longitude and related terms.

Free Digital USGS Topographic Map Quadrangles
Download free USGS topographic map quadrangles in georeferenced PDF (GeoPDF) format by clickin on "Map Locator" on the USGS Store Web site. These files were created using high-resolution scans and average 10-17 megabytes in size.

27 Ideas for Teaching with Topographic Maps  
Contains 27 ideas for teaching with the approximately 57,000 topographic maps that the USGS offers.

All about USGS Topographic Maps  
A comprehensive description of topographic maps and how they are made. Links to map symbols and ordering information.

Topographic Salad-Tray Model  
This basic activity-oriented lesson helps students understand a topographic map by creating a three-dimensional model from contours on a topographic map.

Finding Your Way with a Map and Compass  
A brief description of how to navigate using a compass and topographic maps.

Map Symbols
An explanation of topographic maps and map symbols.

Topographic Maps Illustrating Physiographic Features  
Lists of USGS topographic maps (listed by state) that show good examples of over 200 different physiographic features.

USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)  
GNIS contains information for almost 2 million physical and cultural geographic features in the United States and its territories. Query the database to find individual features and their corresponding coordinates. Search results include links to on-line air photos and topographic maps containing the feature. GNIS is also a layer of The National Map (above).

Elevations and Distances  
Tables of information covering elevations of features and distances between points in the United States. Also locates the geographic center of each state.

Map-It: Form-based Simple Map Generator  
Enter the longitude and latitude of points to plot on a simple map. Download a postscript version of the resulting map.

TerraWeb for Kids
Learn how USGS gathers information about Earth from a distance and discover all the cool things you can do with terrestrial remote sensing tools.

Earthshots: Satellite Images of Environmental Change  
Earthshots is an e-book of before-and-after Landsat images (1972-present), showing recent environmental events and introducing the concept of remote sensing. Some changes are due to natural causes and some are due to human causes. Each set of images includes a detailed description, photographs and maps, a list of references, and a question/answer. Images are best used on-line.

Tracking Change Over Time  
A teacher packet that uses Landsat satellite images to track changes over time. Includes a lesson plan, printable worksheets, downloadable software, and downloadable images.

TerraLook
Download free, high-resolution satellite images in georeferenced PDF format, which allows for visual interpretation and comparison without the need for complicated software.

Tapestry of Time and Terrain  
Shaded relief and geology are combined on this interactive map of the 48 conterminous states. It is a useful resource for discussing physiographic provinces and for viewing the location of rocks deposited during different geologic time periods. Download a PDF version or purchase a paper wall-size version (one of the most eye-catching maps produced by the USGS) through the USGS Store.

North America Tapestry of Time and Terrain  
This is an expanded version of the map above that includes the United States, Mexico, Canada, and the Caribbean topography (shaded relief) and geology.

Public Land Surveys Map  
A highly detailed paper map showing the growth of territory of the United States from 1776 through 1965; National parks and monuments, national forests, Indian Reservations, National Wildlife Refuge, and Public Lands; and Principal Meridians and Baselines, Townships, and Ranges from the U.S. Public Land Surveys (product #101208). Use this map to teach and learn about how the country grew, and the affect of the Public Land Survey System on the present-day arrangement of roads and cities. Web site includes a link to a list of questions that can be used with the map. This paper product is a cost item that can be purchased through the USGS Store.

Federal Lands and Indian Reservations - Printable Maps from The National Atlas  
Maps showing Federal lands and Indian Reservations for the entire U.S. or individual states. Maps print on 8.5"x11" paper.

Indian Land Areas Paper Maps  
Four different paper maps showing Indian Land Areas Judicially Established (product # 101505); Indian Land Areas on a planimetric map (product # 101502); Indian Land Areas on a colorful shaded relief map (product # 101516); and Early Indian Tribes, Culture Areas, and Linguistic Stocks (product # 101013). These paper products are cost items that can be purchased through the USGS Store.

An Emerging Nation Map  
A reproduction of a map that shows the United States as it existed about the time the Constitution was written. It was produced in 1784 and was the first map of the United States produced by an American cartographer. This paper product (product # 101415 ) is a cost item that can be previewed on the Web site.

Analyzing Land Use Change in Urban Environments (PDF)
Four-page USGS Fact Sheet describing and illustrating the need for urban growth studies.

Urban Growth in American Cities (Circular 1252)  
An on-line publication that illustrates the spatial history of urban growth in sixteen areas around the U.S. and the corresponding land use change. Images can be downloaded as GIF files.

Land Use History of North America  
Describes the historical and ongoing changes in land use and land cover for several regions around the United States.

Dams and Reservoirs on the Upper Missouri River
The Missouri River drains one-sixth of the United States and flows 2,341 miles from its headwaters to its confluence with the Mississippi River at St. Louis, Missouri. Dams on the Missouri River have drastically changed its flow and the ecosystems along it since the time of Lewis and Clark.

Routes of the Principal Explorers Paper Map  
Purchase this paper map showing routes of explorers in the contiguous 48 states, 1501-1844. Product # 101216.

The Lewis and Clark Expedition and the USGS  
Links to USGS publications and other resources related to the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Includes resources specifically targeted to teachers and students.

USGS Resources for Teaching about Lewis and Clark  
Links to USGS resources and other resources for teaching about Lewis and Clark. Suggests ways to use the Lewis and Clark Expedition to meet curriculum requirements in several subjects.

A Satellite View of the Journey of Lewis and Clark  
A collection of satellite images that provides a contemporary view of the route that Lewis and Clark took from St. Louis, Missouri, to the Pacific Coast. Includes descriptions of events that took place at each location. Images can be viewed on-line or high-resolution JPEG files can be downloaded and printed.

John Wesley Powell's Voyages Down the Colorado River Canyons (1871 to 1872)

This Web site contains most of the stereographic photography taken by photographers hired by explorer, John Wesley Powell, to document the adventurous exploration of the Colorado River Canyons from the initial railroad stop at Green River, Wyoming to the mouth of the Grand Canyon in Nevada. Images are available in both 3D (requiring red-and-blue glasses) and as regular images scanned from the original photographs. John Wesley Powell was later appointed as second director of the U.S. Geological Survey. You will need 3D viewing glasses to best utilize this Web site (like the kind used with commercial 3D movies; red and cyan varieties work best).

Science Challenge Questions and Answers
A collection of 195 questions and answers addressing Earth and Planetary Science topics. Questions cover science disciplines such as volcanoes, earthquakes, hydrology, biology, minerals and cartography. This list was published in 1998.

A Brief Introduction to Geomagnetism
The USGS uses ground-based observatories to provide continuous records of the Earth's magnetic field variations. This simplified description uses images and a time-lapse animation to explain phenomena created by the magnetic field that can be easily monitored and studied.

Journey Along a Field Line
A sixteen-page comic book about the Earth's magnetic field. Travel down through the interior of the earth then back up into the ionosphere to learn how the magnetic field works.

AstroKids! (USGS Astrogeology Research Program)  
This Web site provides instructional guides, activities, and information about all the planets, moons, and known objects in the Solar System.

Browse the Solar System!  
This Web site starts with a "clickable" image of a popular poster of all the planets and moons in the Solar System, and provides links to images and information about each of them. Printouts of each of the planets could be used for a variety of classroom activities (including mobiles). A wall size poster is available for purchase.

Flagstaff Science Center
Looking for information on the moon, Mars, or impact craters? The Flagstaff Science Center is home to USGS astrogeology research. Take a special look at the Education and Outreach portion of the site for information, lesson plans, and activities that are "out of this world!"

This Dynamic Earth: the Story of Plate Tectonics  
"This Dynamic Earth" is one of the most recommended and referenced primers on plate tectonics. Topics include a history of the theory, scientific developments that spurred its development, the mechanics of plate motions, and the relationship of hotspots to plate tectonic theory. A companion best-selling map, "This Dynamic Planet", is also available online or in print.

This Dynamic Planet  
Plate tectonics are fully illustrated on this best-selling world map (a companion to "This Dynamic Earth: the Story of Plate Tectonics") showing the locations of plate boundaries, volcanoes, earthquakes, and impact craters. Detailed ocean floor bathymetry and discussions of fundamental components are also featured. A paper version is available for purchase or the map can be downloaded free in PDF format.

Some Unanswered Questions: What Drives The Plates?
This page from the This Dynamic Planet Web site addresses the processes associated with heat flow and convection in the earth.

The Interior of the Earth
An introductory guide to what is known about the interior of our planet.

How to Build a Model Illustrating Sea-Floor Spreading and Subduction
Print, cut-out, and glue together a three-dimensional paper model that illustrates sea-floor spreading and subduction. Simple diagrams and easy-to-understand explanations of the processes are included.

Plate Tectonics Tennis Ball Globe Model
Print and color a two-dimensional world globe showing plate boundaries, then cut it out and glue it to a tennis ball to create a three-dimensional model. Includes links to teacher resources and questions to ask students.

Major Tectonic Plates of the World
A simple map of the major tectonic plates of the world.

The Life Cycle of a Mineral Deposit  
A teacher's guide for hands-on mineral education activities. Designed to meet the National Science Standards, as defined by the National Research Council, this General Interest Product (GIP-17) includes 10 activity-based learning exercises that educate students on basic geologic concepts; the processes of finding, identifying, and extracting the resources from a mineral deposit; and the uses of minerals. Geared for fifth through eighth grade science teachers, this publication defines what a mineral deposit is and how it is identified and measured, how the mineral resources are extracted, and how the mining site is reclaimed; how minerals and mineral resources are processed; and how we use mineral resources in our every day lives.

Collecting Rocks
Learn about different types of rocks and how to identify and collect them.

Rocks and Minerals
Introductory information about rocks and minerals with a glossary of commonly-used geology terms.

Rocks and Geology of the San Francisco Bay Region
The landscape of the San Francisco Bay region is host to a greater variety of rocks than most other areas in the United States. This introductory guide provides illustrated descriptions of 46 varieties of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks found in the region. Basic information about rock types is applicable to any location. Discussions about regional geology, the rock cycle, and mineral resources are included.

Minerals in our Environment
A color poster (approximate dimensions 36 x 60 inches) showing how we use minerals in our everyday life. Download the PDF file and print at full size or page size. A Spanish-language version of this poster is also available.

Mineral Resources: Out of the Ground . . . Into our Daily Lives
A 29 inch x 41 inch poster showing the common usage of mineral resources in our homes, offices, and equipment we use daily. Download a PDF or postscript file to print at full size or page size.

Use of Minerals and Materials in the U.S., 1900-2006
A 4-page USGS Fact Sheet that shows how the types and quantities of raw materials used by U.S. manufacturers and consumers have changed significantly since 1900.

Building Stones of Our Nation's Capital
This on-line publication provides descriptions and examples of all the kinds of stone used in the buildings and monuments in the Washington DC area, and discusses the impact of acid precipitation on our national landmarks.

Minerals in Sports
Learn about the amazing materials that go into sports equipment, and the minerals that these materials are derived from!

Natural Aggregate: A Primer
Aggregate production in the U.S. averages 9.5 tons per person per year. What is aggregate? Where does it come from and why is it important? These questions are answered in 24 slides that are perfect for classroom use.

Gold—Why is gold such an important mineral?
This 23-page booklet gives a brief history of gold mining and the "gold fever" that has endured for centuries of civilizations.

From Projectile Points to Microprocessors -- The Influence of Some Industrial Minerals
A 26-page report examining the occurrence and practical uses of nine important industrial minerals that shaped human culture. Includes numerous photographs and diagrams.

What's the Difference between Weathering and Erosion?
The difference between weathering and erosion is very briefly explainted.

Weathering and Erosion in Desert Environments
Explains how desert climates impact weathering and erosion processes (in the Mojave Desert).

The Geologic Story of the Ocoee River
Use the rocks along the Ocoee River in eastern Tennessee to reconstruct a 750 million year history of the area to the present day.

Glimpses of the Ice Age from I-81
This two-page pamphlet describes Ice Age block fields along I-81 in Virginia. Learn where they come from and decide if block fields might exist in your part of the country.

The Great Ice Age
There is evidence all around about The Great Ice Age and its impact on North America. Learn about the Earth's recent cold past and how to recognize the clues left behind.

Geologic Time
Learn about the age of the Earth and how scientists express these very old ages using relative and radiometric time scales.

The Paleontology Portal  
This Web site, sponsored by the University of California Museum of Paleontology, USGS, and others, houses extensive information about Earth history, fossils, and the science of paleontology. The museum is home to most of the western USGS fossil collections, but also contains many other historic fossil collections. The Paleontology Portal provides links to paleontological information resources and organizations.

Paleontology at the U.S. Geological Survey  
Learn about paleontology research and resources at the USGS. The site includes excellent fossil group information.

Mud Fossils (includes guides and lesson plan)  
This Web site is a teaching kit for lower elementary grades that includes lesson plans, activities, and other resources for teaching about fossils.

Fossils, Rocks, and Time
A general overview of geologic time and the use of fossils to determine the age of layers in the earth.

Dinosaurs: Fact and Fiction
This pamphlet contains answers to some frequently asked questions about dinosaurs, with current ideas and evidence to correct some long-lived popular misconceptions. Although much has been discovered recently about dinosaurs, there is still a great deal more to learn about our planet and its ancient inhabitants.

Geology of National Parks: 3-D Tours Featuring Park Geology   Suggestions for Teachers and Students

This Web site index provides examples of 3D images representing many kinds of landscape features including many associated with processes of erosion and deposition including stream erosion, wind, glaciers, spheroidal weathering, caverns, beaches, landslides, dunes, alluvial fans, and many more. Specific examples of landscape features can be found on the Subject Index page. Images of selected landscape features can be printed and posted around a classroom for a topical scavenger hunt. You will need 3D viewing glasses to best utilize this Web site (like the kind used with commercial 3D movies; red and cyan varieties work best). The Web site has suggestions for teacher and recommendations for activities.

The Southern Appalachians: A Changing World  
The Southern Appalachians are some of the oldest mountains on Earth. Molded and shaped over eons by volcanism, erosion, glaciation, and other geologic forces, these mountains are known worldwide for their unusual beauty and rich biological diversity. A 25-minute film (online, DVD, or VHS) with teacher's guide, a 23-page booklet, and a geologic map describe the geologic events that influenced the landscape, climate, soils, and living things that can be seen there today. All items were designed for classroom use; they are available free online or can be purchased in hard copy.

Exploring Caves (Teacher Packet)  
Exploring Caves is an interdisciplinary set of materials on caves for grades K-3. Using earth science, hydrology, mapping, biology, and anthropology, the unit provides teachers with detailed lesson plans to explore these rich environments with very young students.

Paper Model of Karst Topography
Cut out and glue together a three-dimensional model illustrating karst topography.

Distribution of Karst in the United States
A preliminary (but still useful) map showing the location of karst in the United States.

	Geology of National Parks: Carlsbad Caverns and Mammoth Cave   Take on-line 3D tours of two of our nation's premier cavern parks: Carlsbad Caverns National Park Mammoth Cave National Park

Chesapeake Bay Bolide
Explore the extraordinary consequences of a large extraterrestrial body colliding with the Earth in this new research on the Chesapeake Bay bolide. Events like these may have contributed to the demise of dinosaurs.

The Fragile Fringe: A Guide for Teaching about Coastal Wetlands (from the USGS National Wetlands Research Center)  
Material to use for developing a comprehensive study of coastal wetlands.  Includes background information, suggested activities, glossary, references, and reading list. Activities can be demonstrated by the teacher or performed by students. Emphasis is on Gulf Coast wetlands.

Coasts in Crisis (Circular 1075)
This Web site describes types of coasts (rocky shores, sandy beaches, coastal wetlands, and coral reefs). It also provides discussion about processes that affect beaches and coastlines including waves, tides, weather, water-level changes, coastal vegetation, and human impacts of beach sediments and processes.

Coastal and Marine Geology  
Describes ongoing USGS research in coastal and marine geology. Some of the many topics addressed are El Niño, hurricanes and severe storms, corals, and pollution, each with a separate link to resources about the particular topic. The site is also organized regionally.

A Photo Gallery of Florida's Big Bend Tidal Wetlands  
A photo collection offering a thematic tour of Florida's Big Bend tidal wetlands. Photos cover aspects of the flora, fauna, and geology of this mosaic of tidal marsh, coastal forest, and winding tidal creeks.

Mapping Coastal Change Hazards  
This site provides an illustrated discussion of coastal change hazards and the work that the U.S. Geological Survey is doing to map and understand these hazards.

Virtual Field Trip West-Central Florida Coast  
Photographs of the barrier islands off of the west-central Florida coast highlight the tour of this dynamic system.

Deserts—Geology and Resources
This general interest publication describes how deserts form, types of deserts, and landscape features typically associated with deserts. Learn about desertification as an indicator of climate change.

Global Change  
Includes introduction, activities and teaching guide for topics relating to global change, time, and earth systems.

Hazard Fact Sheets
This comprehensive list of USGS hazard fact sheets contains links to download these helpful documents. Biology-related hazards are also included.

Natural Hazards Gateway  
Provides many links and resources to USGS information related to earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanoes, and wildfires.

Earthquake ABC
This ABC book was created by children who had witnessed an earthquake. It incorporates science, feelings, and preparedness related to this unpredictable and frightening hazard. Parent and teacher guides are included.

Visual Glossary of Earthquake Terms
Not only are earthquake terms explained, but photographs and other images are provided with each entry.

Earthquakes - For Kids  
This Web site is rich with facts, information, and activities related to earthquakes, and has links to teacher resources, and much more...

Earthquake Puzzles and Games
"Fun stuff" from the Earthquake Hazards Team.

USGS Natural Hazards Gateway—Earthquakes  
Gateway to the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, highlighted earthquake resources, recent USGS news related to earthquakes, and a list of recent large earthquakes located around the globe. This is a good jumping-off point for earthquake research.

Selected high interest earthquake Web sites include:

• Earthquake Photos
• Recent Earthquake Activity in the United States
• Recent Earthquake Activity Around the World
• Earthquake Preparedness

Web sites that address specific content standards relating to earthquakes include:

• Visual Earthquake Glossary
• Locating Earthquakes
• Measuring the Size of an Earthquake
• Earthquake Effects
• What is Earthquake Intensity

The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake: 100 Years Later
A list of links to USGS science and products about the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake. Includes simulations of ground shaking, earthquake intensity maps, a virtual tour of the San Francisco Bay Area faults, historic photographs, an earthquake survival handbook for the San Francisco Bay region, and much, much more.

Putting Down Roots In Earthquake Country: Your Handbook For the San Francisco Bay Region
This general interest publication provides information about San Francisco Bay region earthquakes (cause, history, probabilities, effects) and provides detailed information about how to be prepared when a major earthquake happens. The guide identifies specific steps to improve your safety before, during, and following an earthquake. This "must read" document provides sound advice for anyone living in a potential disaster zone.

Earthquake Hazards Topics for Educators
A list of USGS Earthquake Hazards Web sites (with brief descriptions of each) that teachers and students will find particularly useful. Includes many simple classroom exercises that demonstrate earthquake principles and geologic principles.

Earthquakes
A 20-page online booklet that explains the nature and causes of earthquakes. Describes techniques used to detect, record, measure, and predict seismic disturbances.

Tsunamis and Earthquake Research
An extensive list of links with information about tsunamis, including animations of the 2004 tsunami.

Tsunamis and Earthquakes
A very basic explanation of how earthquakes can trigger a tsunami. Includes diagrams.

Surviving a Tsunami—Lessons from Chile, Hawaii, and Japan
This on-line publication describes the causes and impacts of large tsunamis, with examples from around the Pacific Rim.

Could It Happen Here? Tsuanmis That Have Struck U.S. Coastlines
A brief review of significant tsunamis that have struck coastlines of the United States and its territories.

FAQs About Tsunamis
Frequently Asked Questions about tsunamis.

The Mountain That Moved
Some of the largest prehistoric landslides in the world are located in Montgomery and Craig Counties, VA; one is nearly three miles long! Learn how these giant landslides were discovered and what they tell us about current landslide potential.

Landslide Types and Processes (Fact Sheet)
This fact sheet (Web site) provides a basic overview of various kinds of landslides.

The Landslide Handbook—A Guide to Understanding Landslides
What is a landslide? Where do they occur? What casuses them? How are they monitored? How can they be prevented? What safety measures can you follow if you live near steep hills? All these questions are answered in this 129-page publication. Written for a general audience, it is heavily illustrated with diagrams and photographs taken at location around the globe.

Landslide Hazards (PDF)
This Web site provides basic information about landslide hazards and safety issues related to wet weather conditions in landslide-prone areas.

Riding the Storm—Landslide Danger in the San Francisco Bay Area
A catastrophic 1982 rainstorm triggered 18,000 landslides in the Bay Area, claiming 25 lives and causing $66 million in property damage. Learn what USGS scientists have discovered in the last two decades about landslide dynamics and which slopes are most susceptible to sliding in this award-winning online documentary.

Landslide Hazards: A Teacher's Guide
Reviews and nicely illustrates landslide types and processes and where and why they occur. A laboratory exercise shows how students can create their own landslides using a flume built with inexpensive materials.

USGS Natural Hazards Gateway—Landslides
Gateway to the USGS Landslide Hazards Program, highlighted landslide resources, recent USGS news related to landslides, and a list of recent landslide alerts. This is a good jumping-off point for general landslide research.

Volcano Resources for Educators
A comprehensive compilation of USGS volcano-related Web sites that include educational resources.

Volcanoes! (Teacher Packet)
Volcanoes is an interdisciplinary set of materials for grades 4-8. Through the story of the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, students will answer fundamental questions about volcanoes. The teaching packet reflects the goals of the National Science Education Standards developed by the National Research Council and incorporates a number of related subjects, including other sciences, social studies, language arts, and mathematics.

Volcano "Fun Stuff"
Volcano word puzzles, mobiles, and Frequently Asked Questions.

What are Volcano Hazards?
More than 50 volcanoes in the United States have erupted over the last 200 years. This brief fact sheet explains the hazards that result from these eruptions and how life and property hundreds of miles away from an eruption can be affected.

Geologic Hazards at Volcanoes
Download a pdf file of this 18"x27" poster showing a diagram of a cut-away volcano and the various hazards associated with volcanoes either during or between eruptions. The poster can also be ordered for free through the USGS Store ($5.00 handling fee). Product number 208285.

Eruptions in the Cascade Range During the Past 4,000 Years
Download a pdf file of this 20" x 24" poster showing a timeline of eruptions in the Cascade Range. The poster can also be ordered for free through the USGS Store ($5.00 handling fee). Product number 208284.

USGS Natural Hazards Gateway—Volcanoes
Gateway to the USGS Volcano Hazards Program, highlighted volcano resources, recent USGS news related to volcanoes, and a list of recent volcano observatory activity reports. This is a good jumping-off point for general volcano research.

Cascades Volcano Observatory  
The Cascades Volcano Observatory Web site contains several useful links to USGS science and information about volcanoes throughout the world. Of particular interest are a link to Educational Outreach materials and to an excellent glossary.

Hawaii Volcano Observatory  
Comprehensive information about Hawaii's active volcanoes with many graphics and features including eruption updates, hazards, and associated earthquakes.

Eruptions of Hawaii's Volcanoes--Past, Present, and Future
Online version of a 55-page booklet written in 1987. Written for the general public, it focuses on selected aspects of the eruptive history, style, and products of Hawaii's Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes. Heavily illustrated with photographs and diagrams.

Volcanic and Seismic Hazards on the Island of Hawaii
A general interest publication that provides an excellent description, with photographs, of the hazards associated with living in an active volcanic region and the topics that potential homeowners and land-use planners must consider before undertaking building or recreational projects on the islands.

Volcanoes (Booklet)
A 45-page online booklet that summarizes basic information about volcanoes – their types, different kinds of eruptions, related features, volcano research, and more.

Photo Glossary of Volcano Terms
Brief descriptions and illustrative photographs of over 60 volcano terms.

Volcano Photo Archive
Photos of volcanoes in the United States with an emphasis on the Cascade Range. Includes a 50-image slide set of Mount St. Helens.

VolcanoCams Around the World
"Live" views of volcanoes from Washington, Oregon, Alaska, Hawaii, and locations around the world.

	Geology of National Parks: 3-D Tours Featuring Park Geology
	This Web site features examples of volcanoes and volcanic features in national parks including: Crater Lake National Park, OR Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, HI Lava Beds National Monument, CA Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Park, WA Mount Rainier National Park, WA Mojave National Preserve, CA Pinnacles National Monument, CA Sunset Crater National Monument, AZ Yellowstone National Park, WY

USGS Natural Hazards Gateway—Wildfires
Gateway to the USGS wildfire science, with highlighted wildfire resources and recent USGS news related to wildfires. This is a good jumping-off point for general wildfire research.

USGS Water Science for Schools  
Start your search here for a wealth of general information about water science. What is water? What are its properties and how are they measured? How is water used? How does the USGS measure streamflow and collect water samples? A glossary, picture gallery, and activity center are among the many additional features.

The Water Cycle
This Web site provides a complete overview of the water cycle, and includes many useful graphic images. This is one of the most comprehensive Web site about the water cycle. It has many useful graphics with good descriptions, and has translations available in 36 languages!

Earth's Water
This section of Water Science for Schools tells the story of where, how much, and in what forms water exists on Earth.

Science in Your Watershed  
This Web site provides information about watersheds and provides a map locator for watersheds across the country.

Water Use in the United States
This Web site explains how we use water on an everyday basis, and what is really important about water usage to the average person.

Water Questions and Answers
This Web site provides a list of questions and answers about interesting and amusing topics.

Water Education Posters
This Web site provides access to water-resources posters are drawn in a cartoon format. Posters are available in color or black and white. The reverse sides of the color posters contain educational activities: one version for children in grades 3-5 and the other with activities for children in grades 6-8. The black-and-white posters are intended for coloring by children in grades K-5.

Water Use Data Tables

How Much of Your State is Wet?
This Web site provides information about the distribution of water resources across the country.

Where is Earth's Water Located?
This Web site describes how much of Earth's water is available for our uses ... and in what forms it exists.

How much Water Is There On and In the Earth?
This Web site contains facts and information about our planet's water resources.

The Activity Center - Opinion Surveys
This interactive Web site provides an opportunity to contribute information to a global opinion survey relating to water use.

Common Questions and Myths About Glaciers  
Learn about this unique feature in an easy question-and-answer format. Links are provided for more in-depth information about glaciers.

Hands-on Experiments to Test for Acid Mine Drainage
Fourteen very basic exercises use home-made litmus paper and household items to test creek water for acid mine drainage and to look at plants, bacteria, and insects living in the water.

USGS Ground Water Information Page
This gateway to ground water information and data is an excellent starting point for learning about ground water. Includes links to maps, real-time data, ground water basics, publications, and selected topics.

What is Ground Water?
A very simple explanation of ground water and aquifers. Diagrams are included.

Groundwater and Surface Water - A Single Resource (USGS Circular 1139)
This 79-page publication includes a chapter on the hydrologic cycle, and illustrates the interactions of groundwater and surface water. Discusses issues related to water supply, water quality, and degradation of aquatic environments. Although this is targeted to a more advanced audience, the explanations are very basic and include many diagrams.

Ground Water
This booklet describes how groundwater occurs and how its quality is assessed. Contains a good glossary.

Saline Water
Defines and provides information about the salt content of natural waters.

Why is the Ocean Salty?
Explains the origin of salt in seawater.

Thirsty? How 'Bout a Cool, Refreshing Cup of Seawater?
A brief explanation of the desalination of seawater.

The Water Cycle: Water Storage in Oceans
Easily understood basics about the quantity, composition, and movement of water in the oceans.

Floods and Floodplains
This easy-to-understand fact sheet describes why floods occur and discusses the basics about flood-plain designation.

Large Floods in the United States: Where they Happen and Why (Circular 1245)
A 13-page on-line publication that describes the geographic and climatic factors that influence the occurrence and impacts of large floods in the United States.

Significant Floods in the United States During the 20th Century  
This fact sheet describes types of floods, how they are measured, and the 32 most significant floods of the last century.

USGS Natural Hazards Gateway--Floods
Gateway to USGS research on floods. Includes highlighted flood resources and recent USGS news related to floods. This is a good jumping-off point for general flood science.

FAQs About Floods
Frequently Asked Questions about floods.

Tracking Floods is Exciting Work for USGS Hydrologists
A brief description of how scientists make water measurements during floods.

The 100-Year Flood
What is a 100-year flood and why don't these floods happen every 100 years? This simple fact sheet describes the statistics behind the designation and explains why regular measurements are essential for understanding them.