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EPA PPCP Research Areas
Caffeine is commonly found in many other products but is also found in several over the counter (OTC) medications.
Each link below goes to a page that describes the purpose, the project, and the outcomes. This information is also available sorted by the organization doing the research.
- Sources
- Intro to Environment: Fate and Transport
- Exposure Pathway: Human
- Exposure Pathway: Ecological
- Monitoring and Detection Tools
- Assessment of Potential Ecological Effects
- Assessment of Potential Human Health Effects
- Environmental Stewardship Public Communication
Sources
- Investigating environmental sinks of macrolide antibiotics, and illicit drugs, with analytical chemistry 1999 - 2014
- Development of Analytical methods for studying the Environmental Fate of the Veterinary Drug Roxarsone: Part II - Determination of volatile arsenic in chicken litter contaminated with Roxarsone. 2006 - 2014
- Development of analytical methods for determining PPCPs in biosolids, effluent, and sediment 2005 - 2008
- Assessment of the Occurrence and Potential Risks of EDCs that are pharmaceuticals or natural in Discharges from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations 2005 - 2014
- Report on the transport and fate of selected EDCs during the land application of biosolids 2006 - 2014
- Fate of Selected EDCs under Redox Conditions Typical of Wastewater and Sediments 2006 - 2014
- Natural and synthetic EDCs from wastewater treatment- source characterization, environmental fate, and risk management 2006 - 2014
- Evaluation of Drinking Water Treatment Technologies 2000 - 2014
- Analytical Methods Development for 65 Ecologically Relevant Pharmaceuticals and Metabolites 2006 - 2014
- Development of Molecular Indicators of Exposures for Pharmaceuticals and EDCs 2005 - 2014
- An informatic approach to estimating ecological risks posed by pharmaceutical use 2004 - 2014
- Identification of ecological and molecular indicator responses to pharmaceuticals under simulated field conditions at the EPA Experimental Stream Facility 2006 - 2014
- In Vitro Screening of Environment Samples for Estrogenic and Androgenic Activity: Concentrated Animal feedlot operations (beef, dairy, poultry). 2002 - 2014
- National Screening Survey of EDCs, including some Pharmaceuticals in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Effluents 2002 - 2004
- Occurrence, Transport, and Fate of Pharmaceuticals and Other Emerging Contaminants Present in Wastewater 2001 - 2014
- Persistence of Contaminants from Wastewater Discharges During Drinking Water Treatment: Identification of Compounds and Degradation/ Disinfection Byproducts, Evaluation of Removal, and Potential Exposure 2006 - 2014
- Utility of Pharmaceuticals and Other Emerging Contaminants as Chemical Indicators of Human Fecal Contamination 2002 - 2009
- The Effects of Disinfection on Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water Supplies 2000 - 2003
- In Vitro Screening of Environment Samples for Estrogenic Activity: Treated sewage effluent and Global Water Research Coalition (GWRC) 2005 - 2014
Intro to Environment: Fate and Transport
- Investigating environmental sinks of macrolide antibiotics, and illicit drugs, with analytical chemistry 1999 - 2014
- Development of Analytical methods for studying the Environmental Fate of the Veterinary Drug Roxarsone: Part II - Determination of volatile arsenic in chicken litter contaminated with Roxarsone. 2006 - 2014
- Hydrolytic Transformation of Emerging Contaminants 2007 - 2009
- Development of analytical methods for determining PPCPs in biosolids, effluent, and sediment 2005 - 2008
- Assessment of the Occurrence and Potential Risks of EDCs that are pharmaceuticals or natural in Discharges from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations 2005 - 2014
- Report on the transport and fate of selected EDCs during the land application of biosolids 2006 - 2014
- Fate of Selected EDCs under Redox Conditions Typical of Wastewater and Sediments 2006 - 2014
- Natural and synthetic EDCs from wastewater treatment- source characterization, environmental fate, and risk management 2006 - 2014
- Analytical Methods Development for 65 Ecologically Relevant Pharmaceuticals and Metabolites 2006 - 2014
- Development of Molecular Indicators of Exposures for Pharmaceuticals and EDCs 2005 - 2014
- An informatic approach to estimating ecological risks posed by pharmaceutical use 2004 - 2014
- Identification of ecological and molecular indicator responses to pharmaceuticals under simulated field conditions at the EPA Experimental Stream Facility 2006 - 2014
- National Screening Survey of EDCs, including some Pharmaceuticals in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Effluents 2002 - 2004
- Occurrence, Transport, and Fate of Pharmaceuticals and Other Emerging Contaminants Present in Wastewater 2001 - 2014
- Persistence of Contaminants from Wastewater Discharges During Drinking Water Treatment: Identification of Compounds and Degradation/ Disinfection Byproducts, Evaluation of Removal, and Potential Exposure 2006 - 2014
- Utility of Pharmaceuticals and Other Emerging Contaminants as Chemical Indicators of Human Fecal Contamination 2002 - 2009
- The Effects of Disinfection on Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water Supplies 2000 - 2003
- Development of Methods for PPCPs
- Alkylphenols, Alkylphenolethoxylates and Their Metabolites (APEs) as Potential Great Lakes, Tributaries, and Effluent Dominated Stream Endocrine Disrupters. 1999 - 2002
- STAR Grant R829005 - The Influence of Amphiphilic Molecules on the Environmental Fate and Transport of Pharmaceuticals 2001 - 2004
- STAR Grant R829007 - Occurrence and Fate of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Groundwater Environments 2001 - 2004
- STAR Grant R829004 - Pharmaceuticals and Antiseptics: Occurrence and Fate in Drinking Water, Sewage Treatment Facilities, and Coastal Waters 2001 - 2004
- STAR Grant R829006 - The Environmental Occurrence, Fate, and Ecotoxicity of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in Aquatic Environments 2001 - 2004
- STAR Grant R829014 - Impact of Residual Pharmaceutical Agents and their Metabolites in Wastewater Effluents on Downstream Drinking Water Treatment Facilities 2001 - 2004
- STAR Grant R829008 - Fate and Effects of Fluoroquinolone Antibacterial Agents in Aquatic Ecosystems 2001 - 2004
- STAR Grant R833417: Fate of Hormones in Tile-Drained Fields and Impact to Aquatic Organisms Under Different Animal Waste Land-Application Practices 2007 - 2010
- STAR Grant R833418: Transport/Fate/Ecological Effects of Steroids from Poultry Litter & Evaluations of Existing/Novel Management Strategies 2007 - 2010
- STAR Grant R833421: Assessing Occurrence, Persistence, and Biological Effects of Hormones Released from Livestock Waste 2007 - 2010
- STAR Grant R833422: Transport and Transformation of Natural and Synthetic Steroid Hormones at Beef Cattle and Dairy Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) 2007 - 2010
- STAR Grant R833423: Effects of Cattle Manure Handling and Management Strategies on Fate and Transport of Hormones in the Feedlot and the Field 2007 - 2010
Exposure Pathway: Human
- Investigating environmental sinks of macrolide antibiotics, and illicit drugs, with analytical chemistry 1999 - 2014
- Development of Analytical methods for studying the Environmental Fate of the Veterinary Drug Roxarsone: Part II - Determination of volatile arsenic in chicken litter contaminated with Roxarsone. 2006 - 2014
- Development of analytical methods for determining PPCPs in biosolids, effluent, and sediment 2005 - 2008
- In Vitro Screening of Environment Samples for Estrogenic and Androgenic Activity: Concentrated Animal feedlot operations (beef, dairy, poultry). 2002 - 2014
- Occurrence, Transport, and Fate of Pharmaceuticals and Other Emerging Contaminants Present in Wastewater 2001 - 2014
- Persistence of Contaminants from Wastewater Discharges During Drinking Water Treatment: Identification of Compounds and Degradation/ Disinfection Byproducts, Evaluation of Removal, and Potential Exposure 2006 - 2014
- The Effects of Disinfection on Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water Supplies 2000 - 2003
- STAR Grant R832737: Development of receptor- to population- level analytical tools for assessing endocrine disruptor exposure in wastewater-impacted estuarine systems 2005 - 2008
Exposure Pathway: Ecological
- Investigating environmental sinks of macrolide antibiotics, and illicit drugs, with analytical chemistry 1999 - 2014
- Vitellogenin Gene Expression in Fathead Minnows and Pearl Dace from Reference (non-dosed) and Lakes Dosed with EE2 in the Canadian Experimental Lakes Area 2000 - 2005
- Development of Analytical methods for studying the Environmental Fate of the Veterinary Drug Roxarsone: Part II - Determination of volatile arsenic in chicken litter contaminated with Roxarsone. 2006 - 2014
- Hydrolytic Transformation of Emerging Contaminants 2007 - 2009
- Development of analytical methods for determining PPCPs in biosolids, effluent, and sediment 2005 - 2008
- Assessment of the Occurrence and Potential Risks of EDCs that are pharmaceuticals or natural in Discharges from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations 2005 - 2014
- Analytical Methods Development for 65 Ecologically Relevant Pharmaceuticals and Metabolites 2006 - 2014
- Development of Molecular Indicators of Exposures for Pharmaceuticals and EDCs 2005 - 2014
- An informatic approach to estimating ecological risks posed by pharmaceutical use 2004 - 2014
- Identification of ecological and molecular indicator responses to pharmaceuticals under simulated field conditions at the EPA Experimental Stream Facility 2006 - 2014
- In Vitro Screening of Environment Samples for Estrogenic and Androgenic Activity: Concentrated Animal feedlot operations (beef, dairy, poultry). 2002 - 2014
- Vitellogenin Gene Expression in Fathead Minnows and Pearl Dace from Reference (non-dosed) and Lakes Dosed with EE2 in the Canadian Experimental Lakes Area 2000 - 2005
- National Screening Survey of EDCs, including some Pharmaceuticals in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Effluents 2002 - 2004
- Occurrence, Transport, and Fate of Pharmaceuticals and Other Emerging Contaminants Present in Wastewater 2001 - 2014
- STAR Grant R832738: Rapid Detection of Trace Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Complex Mixtures: A Full- Spectrum Deconvolution Technique with a UV-Transparent Passive Concentrator 2006 - 2008
- STAR Cooperative Agreement R832741: Developing Rapid Assessment Tools to Evaluate the Biological Effects of Complex and Biologically Active Chemical Mixture 2005 - 2008
- STAR Grant R829005 - The Influence of Amphiphilic Molecules on the Environmental Fate and Transport of Pharmaceuticals 2001 - 2004
- STAR Grant R829007 - Occurrence and Fate of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Groundwater Environments 2001 - 2004
- STAR Grant R829004 - Pharmaceuticals and Antiseptics: Occurrence and Fate in Drinking Water, Sewage Treatment Facilities, and Coastal Waters 2001 - 2004
- STAR Grant R829006 - The Environmental Occurrence, Fate, and Ecotoxicity of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in Aquatic Environments 2001 - 2004
- STAR Grant R829014 - Impact of Residual Pharmaceutical Agents and their Metabolites in Wastewater Effluents on Downstream Drinking Water Treatment Facilities 2001 - 2004
- STAR Grant R829008 - Fate and Effects of Fluoroquinolone Antibacterial Agents in Aquatic Ecosystems 2001 - 2004
- Alkylphenols, Alkylphenolethoxylates and Their Metabolites (APEs) as Potential Great Lakes, Tributaries, and Effluent Dominated Stream Endocrine Disrupters. 1999 - 2002
Monitoring and Detection Tools
- Investigating environmental sinks of macrolide antibiotics, and illicit drugs, with analytical chemistry 1999 - 2014
- Development of Analytical methods for studying the Environmental Fate of the Veterinary Drug Roxarsone: Part II - Determination of volatile arsenic in chicken litter contaminated with Roxarsone. 2006 - 2014
- Identification of Non-Target List Analytes in Complex Environmental Samples 1996 - 2014
- Development of analytical methods for determining PPCPs in biosolids, effluent, and sediment 2005 - 2008
- Toxicity pathway-specific protein expression models for chemical screening and prioritization 2004 - 2014
- Assessment of the Occurrence and Potential Risks of EDCs that are pharmaceuticals or natural in Discharges from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations 2005 - 2014
- Report on the transport and fate of selected EDCs during the land application of biosolids 2006 - 2014
- Fate of Selected EDCs under Redox Conditions Typical of Wastewater and Sediments 2006 - 2014
- Regional Methods Initiative: Examination of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs), Estrogen and Alkyl Phenol Ethoxylates 2006 - 2014
- Natural and synthetic EDCs from wastewater treatment- source characterization, environmental fate, and risk management 2006 - 2014
- Evaluation of Drinking Water Treatment Technologies 2000 - 2014
- In Vitro Screening of Environment Samples for Estrogenic and Androgenic Activity: Concentrated Animal feedlot operations (beef, dairy, poultry). 2002 - 2014
- Occurrence, Transport, and Fate of Pharmaceuticals and Other Emerging Contaminants Present in Wastewater 2001 - 2014
- Persistence of Contaminants from Wastewater Discharges During Drinking Water Treatment: Identification of Compounds and Degradation/ Disinfection Byproducts, Evaluation of Removal, and Potential Exposure 2006 - 2014
- Utility of Pharmaceuticals and Other Emerging Contaminants as Chemical Indicators of Human Fecal Contamination 2002 - 2009
- The Effects of Disinfection on Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water Supplies 2000 - 2003
- Validation of methods for PPCPs 2006 - 2008
- In Vitro Screening of Environment Samples for Estrogenic Activity: Treated sewage effluent and Global Water Research Coalition (GWRC) 2005 - 2014
- Conazoles: Application of Omic Technologies to Mode of Action Evaluations 2003 - 2014
- STAR Grant R832738: Rapid Detection of Trace Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Complex Mixtures: A Full- Spectrum Deconvolution Technique with a UV-Transparent Passive Concentrator 2006 - 2008
- STAR Grant R832737: Development of receptor- to population- level analytical tools for assessing endocrine disruptor exposure in wastewater-impacted estuarine systems 2005 - 2008
- STAR Cooperative Agreement R832741: Developing Rapid Assessment Tools to Evaluate the Biological Effects of Complex and Biologically Active Chemical Mixture 2005 - 2008
- STAR Grant R829005 - The Influence of Amphiphilic Molecules on the Environmental Fate and Transport of Pharmaceuticals 2001 - 2004
- STAR Grant R829007 - Occurrence and Fate of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Groundwater Environments 2001 - 2004
- STAR Grant R829004 - Pharmaceuticals and Antiseptics: Occurrence and Fate in Drinking Water, Sewage Treatment Facilities, and Coastal Waters 2001 - 2004
- STAR Grant R829006 - The Environmental Occurrence, Fate, and Ecotoxicity of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in Aquatic Environments 2001 - 2004
- STAR Grant R829014 - Impact of Residual Pharmaceutical Agents and their Metabolites in Wastewater Effluents on Downstream Drinking Water Treatment Facilities 2001 - 2004
- STAR Grant R829008 - Fate and Effects of Fluoroquinolone Antibacterial Agents in Aquatic Ecosystems 2001 - 2004
- Alkylphenols, Alkylphenolethoxylates and Their Metabolites (APEs) as Potential Great Lakes, Tributaries, and Effluent Dominated Stream Endocrine Disrupters. 1999 - 2002
Assessment of Potential Ecological Effects
- Hydrolytic Transformation of Emerging Contaminants 2007 - 2009
- Toxicity pathway-specific protein expression models for chemical screening and prioritization 2004 - 2014
- Development of an Tier II two-generation test guideline for the sheepshead minnow 2004 - 2007
- Linkage of Exposure and Effects using Genomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics in Small Fish Models 2005 - 2014
- A Systems Approach to Characterizing and Predicting Thyroid Toxicity Using an Amphibian Model 2004 - 2014
- Assessment of the Occurrence and Potential Risks of EDCs that are pharmaceuticals or natural in Discharges from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations 2005 - 2014
- Development and evaluation of long-term testing protocols for assessing the effects of EDCs and reproductive toxicants in small fish 2004 - 2014
- Analytical Methods Development for 65 Ecologically Relevant Pharmaceuticals and Metabolites 2006 - 2014
- Development of Molecular Indicators of Exposures for Pharmaceuticals and EDCs 2005 - 2014
- An informatic approach to estimating ecological risks posed by pharmaceutical use 2004 - 2014
- Identification of ecological and molecular indicator responses to pharmaceuticals under simulated field conditions at the EPA Experimental Stream Facility 2006 - 2014
- National Screening Survey of EDCs, including some Pharmaceuticals in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Effluents 2002 - 2004
- STAR Grant R832737: Development of receptor- to population- level analytical tools for assessing endocrine disruptor exposure in wastewater-impacted estuarine systems 2005 - 2008
- STAR Cooperative Agreement R832741: Developing Rapid Assessment Tools to Evaluate the Biological Effects of Complex and Biologically Active Chemical Mixture 2005 - 2008
- Alkylphenols, Alkylphenolethoxylates and Their Metabolites (APEs) as Potential Great Lakes, Tributaries, and Effluent Dominated Stream Endocrine Disrupters. 1999 - 2002
Assessment of Potential Human Health Effects
- Toxicity pathway-specific protein expression models for chemical screening and prioritization 2004 - 2014
- Toxicity estimation using the ICE and ACE modeling tools 2004 - 2008
- Vitellogenin Gene Expression in Fathead Minnows and Pearl Dace from Reference (non-dosed) and Lakes Dosed with EE2 in the Canadian Experimental Lakes Area 2000 - 2005
- Persistence of Contaminants from Wastewater Discharges During Drinking Water Treatment: Identification of Compounds and Degradation/ Disinfection Byproducts, Evaluation of Removal, and Potential Exposure 2006 - 2014
Environmental Stewardship Public Communication
- Outreach and Defining the Scope of the Issues and Concerns Surrounding Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) as Environmental Pollutants 1999 - 2014
- Drug Disposal: Ramifications for the Environment and Human Health 2006 - 2008
- Persistence of Contaminants from Wastewater Discharges During Drinking Water Treatment: Identification of Compounds and Degradation/ Disinfection Byproducts, Evaluation of Removal, and Potential Exposure 2006 - 2014