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Guidance
This page contains downloadable guidance documents and short sheets related to lead risk assessment that are available from the Technical Review Workgroup for Metals and Asbestos (TRW).
Many of these documents should be consulted for use with the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children (IEUBK) model and/or Adult Lead Methodology (ALM)(see notations with each document description below).
Please also refer to the Software and Users' Manuals page where you can download the IEUBK model, ALM, and supporting documentation for free.
You will need Adobe Reader to view some of the files on this page. See EPA's PDF page to learn more.
- XRF (X-ray fluorescence) Answers to Frequently-Asked Questions
- Assessing Intermittent or Variable Exposures at Lead Sites
- Superfund Lead-Contaminated Residential Sites Handbook
- TRW Recommendations for Performing Human Health Risk Analysis on Small Arms Shooting Ranges
- Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) Directive: Clarification to the 1994 Revised Interim Soil Lead (Pb) Guidance for Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Sites and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Corrective Action Facilities (August 1998)
- OSWER Directive: Revised Interim Soil Lead Guidance for CERCLA Sites and RCRA Corrective Action Facilities (August 1994)
- Validation Strategy for The Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children
- Short Sheet: TRW Recommendations for Sampling and Analysis of Soil at Lead (Pb) Sites
- Short Sheet: IEUBK Model Soil/Dust Ingestion Rates
- Bioavailability Guidance
- Short Sheet: IEUBK Model Mass Fraction of Soil in Indoor Dust (MSD) Variable
- Short Sheet: Overview of the IEUBK Model for Lead in Children
- Lead Model Training: Slide Presentation
- Short Sheet: Estimating the Soil Lead Concentration Term
XRF (X-ray fluorescence) Answers to Frequently-Asked Questions (May, 2004)
Answers to Frequently-Asked Questions on the proper use of field-portable X-ray fluorescence (FP-XRF) instruments to collect data at hazardous waste sites for use in the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children (IEUBK model).
- Download XRF (X-ray fluorescence) Answers to Frequently-Asked Questions (PDF) (5 pp, 89K)
Assessing Intermittent or Variable Exposures at Lead Sites [0SWER #9285.7-76] (November 2003)
This document should be consulted when using the IEUBK or the ALM.
- Download Assessing Intermittent or Variable Exposures at Lead Sites (PDF) (46 pp, 442K)
Provides guidance and recommendations for the assessment of lead risks when exposures are not continuous and chronic (e.g., day care, recreation, or trespass scenarios). This guidance is intended to augment existing guidance pertaining to the IEUBK model and Adult Lead Methodology. This methodology is not intended to replace the approaches recommended for assessing standard residential or continuous non-residential exposure scenarios, which are the most common applications for the IEUBK model and the ALM respectively.
Superfund Lead-Contaminated Residential Sites Handbook [0SWER #9285.7-50] (August 2003)
This document should be consulted when using the IEUBK model.
- Download Superfund Lead-Contaminated Residential Sites Handbook (PDF) (124 pp, 833K)
Provides comprehensive reference for project managers addressing lead-contaminated residential sites. The handbook lays out only the minimum considerations and is intended to promote national consistency in characterizing and cleaning up lead-contaminated residential sites. Contents of the handbook include aspects of the remediation process from initial research on the nature and extent of site contamination, through cleanup level selection, prevention of recontamination, and community health education programs. This handbook is not policy or guidance, and users are encouraged to refer to appropriate Agency guidance and/or policy.
TRW Recommendations for Performing Human Health Risk Analysis on Small Arms Shooting Ranges [OSWER #9285.7-37] (March 2003)
This document should be consulted when using the IEUBK or the ALM.
- Download TRW Recommendations for Performing Human Health Risk Analysis on Small Arms Shooting Ranges (PDF) (22 pp, 95K)
Provides guidance and recommendations for performing risk assessment on land currently or formerly used as ranges. It supplements EPA Region 2's (New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands and seven Tribal Nations) "Best Management Practices for Lead at Outdoor Shooting Ranges" (www.epa.gov/region02/waste/leadshot/). Contains brief discussions of the regulatory background for outdoor shooting ranges and the toxicology of lead on humans, an operational and physical description of the different types of outdoor shooting ranges, and the fate of spent lead ammunition in the environment and its bioavailability. Also provides recommendations on how the IEUBK model and the ALM can be used to predict the risk to human health from spent lead ammunition on small arms shooting ranges.
OSWER Directive: Clarification to the 1994 Revised Interim Soil Lead (Pb) Guidance for CERCLA Sites and RCRA Corrective Action Facilities [OSWER Dir #9200.4-27P] (August 1998)
This document should be consulted when using the IEUBK or the ALM.
- Download OSWER Directive: Clarification to the 1994 Revised Interim Soil Lead (Pb) Guidance for CERCLA Sites and RCRA Corrective Action Facilities (PDF) (16 pp, 98K)
Clarifies the existing 1994 "Revised Interim Soil Lead Guidance for Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Sites and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Corrective Action Facilities."
OSWER Directive: Revised Interim Soil Lead Guidance for CERCLA Sites and RCRA Corrective Action Facilities [OSWER Dir #9355.4-12] (August 1994)
This document should be consulted when using the IEUBK or the ALM.
- Download OSWER Directive: Revised Interim Soil Lead Guidance for CERCLA Sites and RCRA Corrective Action Facilities (PDF) (18 pp, 121K)
Describes the residential screening level for lead, calculated using the default parameters of the IEUBK model. This interim directive establishes a streamlined approach for determining protective levels for lead in soil at CERCLA sites and RCRA facilities that are subject to corrective action under RCRA §3004(u) or §3008(h).
Validation Strategy for The Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children [EPA 9285.7-21] (December 1994)
This document should be consulted when using the IEUBK model.
DownloadValidation Strategy for The Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children (PDF)(30 pp, 179K)
- Link to the Technical Review Workgroup for Metals and Asbestos (TRW) Publications on the Validation of the IEUBK Model (v.;0.99d)
on the Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP) Web pages
(http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1998/Suppl-6/leadtitle.html).
Describes the considerations and methods for characterizing the confidence to be placed in the output from the IEUBK model, version 0.99d.
Short Sheet: TRW Recommendations for Sampling and Analysis of Soil at Lead (Pb) Sites [EPA #540-F-00-010, OSWER #9285.7-38] (April 2000)
This document should be consulted when using the IEUBK or the ALM.
- Download Short Sheet: TRW Recommendations for Sampling and Analysis of Soil at Lead (Pb) Sites (PDF) (6 pp, 81K)
Provides recommendations and protocols for the collection, preparation, and analysis of lead in soil and dust for use in lead modeling.
Short Sheet: IEUBK Model Soil/Dust Ingestion Rates [EPA #540-F-00-007, OSWER #9285.7-33] (December 1999)
This document should be consulted when using the IEUBK model.
- Download Short Sheet: IEUBK Model Soil/Dust Ingestion Rates (PDF) (5 pp, 72K)
Provides recommendations on the substitution of default soil/dust ingestion rates in the IEUBK model.
IEUBK Model Bioavailability Variable [EPA #540-F-00-006, OSWER #9285.7-32]
- This document has been replaced with EPA guidance on assessing bioavailability of metals in soils for use in human health risk
assessment.
See the Guidance and Technical Reports section of the Assessing Relative Bioavailability in Soil at Superfund Sites page for information on bioavailability guidance.
Discusses issues to consider and applicable methods for determining a site-specific bioavailability value for soil-borne lead.
Short Sheet: IEUBK Model Mass Fraction of Soil in Indoor Dust (MSD) Variable [EPA #540-F-00-008, OSWER #9285.7-34] (June 1998)
This document should be consulted when using the IEUBK model.
- Download Short Sheet: IEUBK Model Mass Fraction of Soil in Indoor Dust (MSD) Variable (PDF) (7 pp, 95K)
Provides updated guidance on the Mass Fraction of Soil in Indoor Dust (MSD), the fraction of house dust that is derived from the outdoor soil. The MSD is a variable in the dust lead Multiple Source Analysis module of the IEUBK model.
Short Sheet: Overview of the IEUBK Model for Lead in Children [NTIS #PB99-9635-8, OSWER #9285.7-31] (August 1997)
This document should be consulted when using the IEUBK model.
- Download Short Sheet: Overview of the IEUBK Model for Lead in Children (PDF) (6 pp, 115K)
Provides general information on the IEUBK model.
Lead Model Training: Slide Presentation (May 2005)
This document should be consulted when using the IEUBK or the ALM.
- Download Lead Model Training Slide Presentation (PDF)
(45 pp, 497K)
Note: If you are interested in attending an IEUBK model training session, please visit the Contact Us page and let us know of your interest.
This training presentation is intended for those who have limited experience with EPA's lead risk assessment approaches. The training slides address the following items: Introduction to EPA Lead Risk Assessment, IEUBK Model, ALM, Risk Assessment Issues and New Guidance, and Intermittent Exposure Guidance.
Estimating the Soil Lead Concentration Term for the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) Model [OSWER #9200.1-78] (September 2007)
This document should be consulted when using the IEUBK model.
- Download IEUBK PbS ShortSheet (PDF) (11 pp, 184K)
Describes how to estimate the PbS for the residential exposure scenario and recommends the use of the arithmetic mean or average concentration for the PbS. Specifically, this document provides recommendations for under what circumstances the data should be weighted when estimating the PbS, and how the data should be weighted for a residential yard, which includes common play areas located within apartment complexes.