Primary immune deficiency diseases (PIDDs) are rare, genetic disorders that impair the immune system. Without a functional immune response, people with PIDDs may be subject to chronic, debilitating infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which can increase the risk of developing cancer. Some PIDDs can be fatal. PIDDs may be diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adulthood, depending on disease severity.

Why Is the Study of Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases (PIDDs) a Priority for NIAID?

There are more than 200 different forms of primary immune deficiency diseases (PIDDs) affecting approximately 500,000 people in the United States. These rare genetic diseases may be chronic, debilitating, and costly.

How Is NIAID Addressing This Critical Topic?

Since the 1970s, NIAID-supported investigators have been examining the causes and complications of PIDDs to improve the lives of patients and families. NIAID aims to improve diagnosis, explore new treatments and preventions for PIDDs, and facilitate genetic counseling. NIAID is home to the Primary Immune Deficiency Clinic, which provides diagnoses and disease management recommendations to patients and families whose lives are touched by PIDDs.