Endangered Species Act 5-year Reviews
How Species Are Listed | 5-Year Reviews | Policies & Guidance | Listed Species
![steller](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/web/20170118232534im_/http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/images/pinnipeds/steller_mikeetnier-nmml.jpg)
Steller Sea Lion
(Eumetopias jubatus)
Photo: NOAA's National Marine Mammal Laboratory
![green turtle underwater](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/web/20170118232534im_/http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/images/turtles/green_bruckner_sm.jpg)
Green Turtle
(Chelonia mydas)
Photo: Andy Bruckner, NOAA
Marine and Anadromous Fishes
- Green Sturgeon, Southern DPS [pdf]
- Gulf Sturgeon [pdf]
- Smalltooth Sawfish, U.S. DPS [pdf]
Pacific Salmonids 2016 5-Year Reviews
- Southern California Coast Steelhead [pdf]
- South-Central California Coast Steelhead [pdf]
- Central California Coastal & Northern California Steelhead [pdf]
- Lower Columbia River: Chinook, Coho, Steelhead, Chum [pdf]
- Oregon Coast Coho Salmon [pdf]
- Puget Sound: Chinook, Steelhead, Hood Canal Summer Chum [pdf]
- Snake River: Sockeye, Spring-Summer Chinook, Fall-Run Chinook, Steelhead [pdf]
- Upper Columbia River: Steelhead, Spring-run Chinook [pdf]
- Upper Willamette River: Steelhead, Chinook [pdf]
- Middle Columbia River Steelhead [pdf]
- Ozette Lake Sockeye [pdf]
- California Coast Chinook and Central California Coast coho [pdf]
- Central Valley Spring-run Chinook [pdf]
- Central Valley steelhead [pdf]
- Sacramento River Winter-run Chinook [pdf]
- Southern Oregon/ Northern California Coast coho [pdf]
Marine Mammals
- Indus River Dolphin, September 2016 [pdf]
- Sperm Whale, June 2015 [pdf]
»Sperm Whale Jan 2009[pdf] - Baiji/ Chinese River Dolphin/ Yangtze River Dolphin (Lipotes vexillifer) [pdf]
- Caribbean Monk Seal [pdf]
- Fin Whale [pdf]
- Hawaiian Monk Seal [pdf]
- Southern Resident Killer Whale (2016) [pdf]
» 2011 Southern Right Whale [pdf] - Right Whale, North Atlantic [pdf]
- Right Whales, North Pacific [pdf]
- Sei Whale [pdf]
- Southern Right Whale (2015) [pdf]
» 2007 Southern Right Whale [pdf] - Steller Sea Lion, eastern DPS (initiated)
Marine Plants
- Johnson's Seagrass [pdf]
Sea Turtles
(joint with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)
- Kemp's Ridley Turtle (2015) [pdf]
» 2007 Kemp's Ridley Turtle [pdf] - 5-year reviews initiated on four sea turtles: Kemp's ridley, olive ridley, leatherback, and hawksbill (Oct 2012)
- Green Turtle [pdf]
- Hawksbill Turtle (2013) [pdf]
» 2007 Hawksbill Turtle [pdf] - Leatherback Turtle (2013) [pdf]
» 2007 Leatherback Turtle [pdf] - Loggerhead Turtle [pdf]
- Olive Ridley Turtle (2014) [pdf]
» 2007 Olive Ridley Turtle [pdf]
Guidance and Templates
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) developed the 5-Year Review Guidance [pdf] [3.9 MB] to promote a consistent nationwide approach to 5-year reviews and to clarify the scope and role of these reviews in relationship to other requirements under the ESA.
The 5-year review can be as straightforward as gathering current information on a species and determining whether recovery criteria in the recovery plan have been met. For species without recovery plans or with recovery criteria that do not meet all of the current requirements of the ESA, a 5-year review entails analyzing information available on the species relative to the definitions of endangered and threatened and in the context of the five listing factors.
The guidance provides templates that may be used for conducting a 5-year review:
- 5-Year Review Template [doc]
- Short Template [doc]
All status reviews of species may serve as 5-year reviews, regardless of whether or not the template is used.
Background
The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) requires completion of periodic reviews of species that are listed as threatened or endangered to ensure that the listing of these species remains accurate.
Specifically, section 4(c)(2) of the ESA states that the Secretary shall:
- conduct, at least once every five years, a review of all species included in a list..., and
- determine on the basis of such review whether any such species should
- be removed from such list;
- be changed in status from an endangered species to a threatened species; or
- be changed in status from a threatened species to an endangered species.
The reviews called for in this section of the ESA are known as "5-Year Reviews."
Updated: January 2017