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2016
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First-Episode Incarceration: Creating a Recovery-Informed Framework for Integrated Mental Health and Criminal Justice Responses
By Pope, Leah G. ; Hopper, Kim; Davis, Chelsea; Cloud, David.
Vera Institute of Justice. Substance Use and Mental Health Program. Justice Reform for Healthy Communities (New York, NY).
"This report, modeled on promising approaches in the mental health field to people experiencing a first episode of psychosis, outlines a new integrated framework that encourages the mental health and criminal justice fields to collaborate on developing programs based on early intervention, an understanding of the social determinants that underlie ill health and criminal justice involvement, and recovery-oriented treatment." ... Read More
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20 pages
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2015
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Improving Responses to People with Mental Illnesses at the Pretrial Stage: Essential Elements
By Fader-Towe, Hallie; Osher, Fred C..
Public Welfare Foundation (Washington, DC).
Council of State Government (CSG). Justice Center (New York, NY).
"This report introduces essential elements for responding to people with mental illnesses at the pretrial stage, including decisions about pretrial release and diversion. These elements encourage data collection not only to help individual communities, but also for future researchers who are dedicated to these important questions."... Read More
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42 pages
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2015
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Improving Responses to People with Mental Illnesses at the Pretrial Stage: Essential Elements
By Fader-Towe, Hallie; Osher, Fred C..
Public Welfare Foundation (Washington, DC).
Council of State Government (CSG). Justice Center (New York, NY).
"This report introduces essential elements for responding to people with mental illnesses at the pretrial stage, including decisions about pretrial release and diversion. These elements encourage data collection not only to help individual communities, but also for future researchers who are dedicated to these important questions."... Read More
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42 pages
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2015
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The Processing and Treatment of Mentally Ill Persons in the Criminal Justice System: A Scan of Practice and Background Analysis
By Kim, KiDeuk; Becker-Cohen, Miriam; Serakos, Maria.
Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Titusville, NJ).
Urban Institute. Justice Policy Center (Washington, DC).
This "background analysis examines how individuals with mental illness are processed and treated in the criminal justice system and discusses the implications of insufficient or inadequate care for these individuals. In particular, the main objectives of this paper are to review current practice in the processing of mentally ill offenders, assess societal and economic costs associated with recidivism and insufficient care for this population, and highlight promising strategies to tackle challeng... Read More
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58 pages
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2015
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Evidence-Based Practices (EBPs) Resources
GAINS Center for Behavioral Health and Justice Transformation (Delmar, NY) .
"In the field of behavioral health, the term evidence-based practices (EBPs) refers to interventions that have been rigorously tested, have yielded consistent, replicable results, and have proven safe, beneficial, and effective for most people diagnosed with mental illness and substance use disorders … Identifying “what works” and applying the evidence-based knowledge to program development is critically important to the field to assure the use of best practices in behavioral health service prov... Read More
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2015
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Diverting Youth at Probation Intake: The Front-End Diversion Initiative
By Espinosa, Erin; Skowyra, Kathleen R..
Policy Research Associates, Inc.; Mental Health and Juvenile Justice Collaboration for Change (Delmar, NY).
This brief "discusses an effort in Texas to divert youth with suspected mental health needs away from juvenile justice processing. The Front-End Diversion Initiative (FEDI) uses specialized juvenile probation officers to link these youth and their families to community services and divert these youth from adjudication within the juvenile justice system." Sections cover: FEDI introduction; the issue of juvenile offenders' mental health challenges; juvenile justice processing of youth with mental ... Read More
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8 pages
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2015
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Callous and Cruel: Use of Force against Inmates with Mental Disabilities in US Jails and Prisons
By Fellner, Jamie; Parker, Alison, editor; Barriga, Shantha Rau, editor; Saunders, Joe, editor.
"It is well known that US prisons and jails have taken on the role of mental health facilities. This new role for them reflects, to a great extent, the limited availability of community-based outpatient and residential mental health programs and resources, and the lack of alternatives to incarceration for men and women with mental disabilities who have engaged in minor offenses … persons with mental disabilities who are behind bars are at heightened risk of physical mistreatment by staff. This r... Read More
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133 pages
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2015
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Franklin County, Ohio: A County Justice and Behavioral Health Systems Improvement Project
U.S. Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) (Washington, DC); Jacob and Valerie Langeloth Foundation (New York, NY).
Council of State Governments (CSG) Justice Center (Lexington, KY).
"An extensive data analysis coupled with over 50 in-person interviews with local and state leaders led to the identification of key recommendations for reducing the number of people with behavioral health disorders cycling in and out of jail." Sections of this report include: background; summary of core challenges; funding for behavioral health treatment and services; "Franklin County, OH Criminal System Flow" chart; methodology; sources of data for the analysis chart; assessing behavioral healt... Read More
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16 pages
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2015
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What Are Drug Courts? The Most Effective Justice Strategy Addressing the Drug-Addicted and Mentally Ill …
National Association of Drug Court Professionals (NADCP) (Alexandria, VA).
This website provides information about drug courts. Sections cover: how drug courts work; who is eligible; what drug courts do what drug courts need; types of drug courts with definitions for adult drug court, veterans treatment court, DWI court, family dependency treatment court (family drug court), federal district drug court (federal reentry court), juvenile drug court, reentry court, reentry drug court, and tribal healing to wellness court; problem solving courts using the drug court model ... Read More
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2014
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CJCA Webinar: Mental Health Needs Among Youth Involved in Juvenile Justice
By Kinscherff, Robert; Sparling, Yvonne.
Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators (CJCA) (Braintree, MA).
"This webinar will begin by reviewing research describing the prevalence of mental health disorders among juveniles in contact with the juvenile justice system. The importance of recognizing adverse childhood experiences and trauma is discussed, as is the challenge of identifying and responding to features of “developmental trauma” since there is not an adequate DSM-IV or DSM-5 diagnosis to capture this clinical presentation. Evidence-based and emerging clinical interventions are described. The ... Read More
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62 minutes
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2014
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Entombed: Isolation in the US Federal Prison System
Amnesty International (London, England).
This Amnesty International report discusses "concerns about conditions of severe isolation at the United States Penitentiary, Administrative Maximum facility in Colorado. It also examines conditions in Special Management Units and Security Housing Units operated at other federal prison facilities." Sections include: introduction--restrictions on access to ADX, lack of transparency regarding BOP use of isolation and long-term isolation in other parts of the federal system, and prisoners held in s... Read More
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54 pages
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2014
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Co-occurring Disorders Among Youth in Juvenile Justice
Mental Health and Juvenile Justice Collaboration for Change (NCMHJJ) (Delmar, NY).
"Individuals with co-occurring disorders experience substance use and another mental health disorder simultaneously. The conditions may precipitate or exacerbate one another, or they may exist independently … In youth with co-occurring disorders, the complexity of this interaction is heightened. Unique combinations of symptom patterns and behaviors can prevent youth from functioning adequately. Furthermore, co-occurring disorders in youth can impact brain development, making sustained recovery e... Read More
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2014
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From Recidivism to Recovery: The Case for Peer Support in Texas Correctional Facilities
By Randall, Megan; Ligon, Katharine.
Center for Public Policy Priorities (CPPP) (Austin, TX).
"In this paper, we [the authors] explore the use of mental health peer support services as one way to support recovery, improve continuity of care, and reduce recidivism for inmates with mental illness during the re-entry process. We present a successful peer support re-entry program model, established in Pennsylvania, and offer preliminary suggestions for a Texas pilot project. We also offer policy recommendations that, if implemented, would broadly improve access to mental health services, eas... Read More
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44 pages
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2014
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How Often and How Consistently do Symptoms Directly Precede Criminal Behavior Among Offenders With Mental Illness?
By Peterson, Jillian K.; Skeem, Jennifer; Kennealy, Patrick; Bray, Beth; Zvonkovic, Andrea.
This article is one of the first to examine the relationship between criminal activity and the influence on it over time by mental illness. The authors discuss: how often mentally ill offenders commit crimes motivated by psychiatric symptoms; legal and research definitions of direct relationships; difficulties in distinguishing between symptoms and traits; how consistent the relationship between criminal behavior and mental illness is over time—the issue of "direct crimes"; legal and research de... Read More
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11 pages
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2014
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How Often and How Consistently do Symptoms Directly Precede Criminal Behavior Among Offenders With Mental Illness?
By Peterson, Jillian K.; Skeem, Jennifer; Kennealy, Patrick; Bray, Beth; Zvonkovic, Andrea.
This article is one of the first to examine the relationship between criminal activity and the influence on it over time by mental illness. The authors discuss: how often mentally ill offenders commit crimes motivated by psychiatric symptoms; legal and research definitions of direct relationships; difficulties in distinguishing between symptoms and traits; how consistent the relationship between criminal behavior and mental illness is over time—the issue of "direct crimes"; legal and research de... Read More
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11 pages
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2014
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Correctional Officers and the Incarcerated Mentally Ill: Responses to Psychiatric Illness in Prison
By Galanek, Joseph D..
This is an excellent article explaining how the values and social structures of a U.S. prison affect a correctional officer's discretionary responses to situations involving mentally ill inmates. Sections of this article cover: prisons as local moral worlds and the construction of illness categories; correctional officers, "people work", and mentally ill inmates; the research context—Pacific Northwest Penitentiary (PNP); research methods; institutional policy and relationships between staff and ... Read More
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20 pages
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2014
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Envisioning the Next Generation of Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Interventions
By Epperson, Matthew W.; Wolff, Nancy; Morgan, Robert D.; Fisher, William H.; Frueh, B. Christopher; Huening, Jessica.
"The purpose of this paper is to cast a vision for the next generation of behavioral health and criminal justice interventions by presenting a set of empirically informed individual and environmental factors that directly and indirectly contribute to criminal justice involvement for individuals with SMI and are, therefore, critical targets for intervention. Although justice-involved persons with SMI bear unique stressors attributable to their mental illness, they also have many “normal” risk fac... Read More
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12 pages
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2014
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The Treatment of Persons with Mental Illness in Prisons and Jails: A State Survey
By Torrey, E. Fuller; Zdanowicz, Mary T.; Kennard, Aaron D.; Lamb, H. Richard; Eslinger, Donald F.; Biasotti, Michael C.; Fuller, Doris A..
Treatment Advocacy Center (Arlington, VA).
“Prisons and jails have become America’s “new asylums”: The number of individuals with serious mental illness in prisons and jails now exceeds the number in state psychiatric hospitals tenfold. Most of the mentally ill individuals in prisons and jails would have been treated in the state psychiatric hospitals in the years before the deinstitutionalization movement led to the closing of the hospitals, a trend that continues even today. The treatment of mentally ill individuals in prisons and jail... Read More
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116 pages
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2014
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Justifiable Homicides by Law Enforcement Officers: What is the Role of Mental Illness?
By Torrey, E. Fuller; Kennard, Aaron D.; Eslinger, Donald F.; Biasotti, Michael C.; Fuller, Doris A..
Treatment Advocacy Center (TAC) (Arlington, VA); National Sheriffs' Association (NSA) (Alexandria, VA).
"As a consequence of the failed mental illness treatment system, an increasing number of individuals with untreated serious mental illness are encountering law enforcement officers, sometimes with tragic results. “Justifiable homicides,” [arrest-related deaths (ARDs)] in which an individual is killed by a law enforcement officer in the line of duty, may occur when criminals are being pursued, as in a bank robbery, or when an officer is threatened with a weapon, in other situations" (p. 3). This ... Read More
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20 pages
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2014
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TIP 59: Improving Cultural Competence
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (Rockville, MD).
CDM Group, Inc. (CDM) (Bethesda, MD).
"The development of culturally responsive clinical skills is vital to the effectiveness of behavioral health services. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), cultural competence “refers to the ability to honor and respect the beliefs, languages, interpersonal styles, and behaviors of individuals and families receiving services, as well as staff members who are providing such services … This Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) uses Sue’s (2001) multidimensional mode... Read More
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340 pages
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2013
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Mental Health Screening in Juvenile Justice Settings
Mental Health and Juvenile Justice Collaboration for Change (NCMHJJ) (Delmar, NY).
"The majority of youth who come into contact with the juvenile justice system have a diagnosable mental or substance use disorder. In fact, many youth are experiencing both. Combinations of mental illness and substance use are often referred to as either behavioral health problems or co-occurring issues. One of the most important steps in responding to the behavioral health treatment needs of youth in the juvenile justice system is to systematically identify these needs as youth become involved ... Read More
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2013
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Transition Age Youth With Mental Health Challenges in the Juvenile Justice System
By Zajac, Kristyn; Sheidow, Ashli L.; Davis, Maryann.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (Rockville, MD); National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) (Bethesda, MD); National Institutes of Health (NIH) (Bethesda, MD); National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) (Washington, DC).
Technical Assistance Partnership for Child and Family Mental Health (TA Partnership) (Washington, DC); National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice (NCMHJJ) (Delmar, NY).
Anyone working with transitional youth, individuals aged 16 to 25 years, needs to read this brief. It will help you in understanding their mental health problems, recidivism, and effective transition to adulthood. Sections of this brief include: overview, development during transition to adulthood, and potential pitfalls of the transition age; mental health problems and juvenile justice involvement during the transition age; critical issues facing justice-involved transition age youth with menta... Read More
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61 pages
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2013
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Reducing Criminal Recidivism for Justice-Involved Persons with Mental Illness: Risk/Needs/Responsivity and Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions
By Rotter, Merrill; Carr, W. Amory.
GAINS Center for Behavioral Health and Justice Transformation (Delmar, NY).
If you work with mentally ill offenders you find this publication very useful. “In this document, we [the authors] review the leading offender recidivism–targeted intervention paradigm: Risk/Needs/Responsivity (RNR) … In particular, we focus on criminal thinking, one of the identified “needs,” and structured cognitive-behavioral interventions from the worlds of criminal justice and mental health that were created or adapted to specifically target the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors associated ... Read More
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6 pages
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2013
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Bernalillo County Mental Health Clinic Case Study
By Mendel, Richard A..
Annie E. Casey Foundation. Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative (JDAI) (Baltimore, MD).
“Determining how to provide effective mental health treatment for youth involved in the juvenile justice system – and ensuring that it continues after they exit detention – is one of the most complex challenges facing this system. This report examines how one jurisdiction, Bernalillo County, New Mexico, has taken extraordinary steps to address this challenge by ensuring Medicaid eligibility for detained youth and establishing a licensed, free-standing community mental health clinic adjacent to i... Read More
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30 pages
|
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2013
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Supported Employment for Justice-Involved People with Mental Illness
By Bond, Gary R..
GAINS Center for Behavioral Health and Justice Transformation (Delmar, NY).
“Employment is a key to community reintegration for both people with mental illness and those with justice involvement. At present, the empirical literature on employment services for justice-involved people with or without mental illness is meager. By contrast, an extensive evidence base documents the effectiveness of a specific employment model for people with severe mental illness: the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model of supported employment” (p. 1). This publication covers: the I... Read More
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4 pages
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2013
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Forensic Assertive Community Treatment: Updating the Evidence
By Morrissey, Joseph P..
GAINS Center for Behavioral Health and Justice Transformation (Delmar, NY).
This brief provides a great introduction to forensic assertive community treatment (FACT). FACT is “an adaptation of the traditional assertive community treatment (ACT) model for people with serious mental illness who are involved with the criminal justice … ACT is a psychosocial intervention that was developed for people with severe mental illness (a subset of serious mental illness, marked by a higher degree of functional disability) who have significant difficulty living independently, high s... Read More
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4 pages
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2013
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Functional Impairment in Delinquent Youth
By Abram, Karen M.; Choe, Jeanne Y.; Washburn, Jason J.; Romero, Erin G.; Teplin, Linda A.; Bassett, Elena D..
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) (Washington, DC).
“Research suggests that incarcerated youth have difficulty functioning in society as they age. This study reveals that 3 years after detention, most youth struggle in one or more life domains, and one in five youth is severely impaired [they face extreme difficulties in dealing with social, psychiatric, and academic issues from day-to-day] … Juvenile justice organizations, community groups, law enforcement, and corrections agencies must invest in targeted, comprehensive strategies to give these ... Read More
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12 pages
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2013
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Implementing Evidence-Based Practices
Mental Health and Juvenile Justice Collaboration for Change (NCMHJJ) (Delmar, NY).
This website is an excellent resource for "information that is aimed at helping communities address the needs of their juvenile justice-involved youth who are experiencing behavioral health disorders. Guidance from the field is laid out in [four] phases and [ten] steps, allowing readers to access practical information, resources, and examples most appropriate to their stage of program development. Each step includes resources that are organized into three categories: key websites, examples from ... Read More
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2013
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Interventions for Adult Offenders With Serious Mental Illness
By Fontanarosa, Joann; Uhl, Stacy; Oyesanmi, Olu; Schoelles, Karen M..
U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services (HHS). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (Rockville, MD).
ECRI Institute Evidence-based Practice Center (Plymouth Meeting, PA).
This report is a great introduction to strategies for treating offenders with serious mental illness (i.e., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, or major depression) in jails, prisons, forensic hospitals, or community reentry programs. The researchers “identified some promising treatments for individuals with serious mental illness during incarceration or during transition from incarceration to community settings. Treatment with antipsychotics other than clozapine appears t... Read More
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249 pages
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2013
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7 Common Characteristics of Juvenile Mental Health Courts
By Callahan, Lisa; Steadman, Henry J.; Gerus, Lindsay.
Policy Research Associates (Delmar, NY).
This article is for those people who are tasked with developing a mental health care court for juveniles or individuals with an interest in juvenile justice. “While the courts we [the authors] surveyed and observed vary in size — from 8 to 50 enrollees — and specifics, these seven characteristics are applicable to any jurisdiction, regardless of size and available treatment services. These seven common characteristics are not prescriptive. They do, however, identify a broad blueprint for communi... Read More
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4 pages
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2013
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Risk Reduction Research
University of California-Irvine (Irvine, CA).
“Our research team focuses on understanding why some people with mental disorder become involved in self-harm, violence, and/or criminal behavior. To develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies for this group, we must first understand how individual and environmental factors interact to increase their risk of such harmful behavior. This understanding can also be used inform legal decision-making about this high risk, high need group … we use multi-method, interdisciplinary, longi... Read More
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2013
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Developing a Mental Health Court: An Interdisciplinary Curriculum
Council of State Governments. Justice Center (Lexington, KY).
“The goal of this project is to make existing research and practices accessible while encouraging learners to ask the right questions at the right times and develop productive collaborations and programs that serve the needs of their communities. While the curriculum is presented as a comprehensive resource on how to plan and implement a mental health court, it is also designed to be easily adapted to supplement existing trainings, for new mental health court team members, or as a tune-up for te... Read More
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2013
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Pretrial Detention and Misconduct in Federal District Courts, 1995-2010
By Cohen, Thomas H..
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (Washington, DC).
This report “[p]resents findings on general trends in pretrial detention and misconduct in the federal district courts between fiscal years 1995 and 2010. The report highlights trends in the number of defendants released and detained pretrial and examines the changing composition of defendants with federal pretrial dispositions, including the increase in defendants charged with immigration violations and the growth of defendants with serious criminal backgrounds. It examines the relationships be... Read More
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13 pages
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2013
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Early Starters: Which Type of Criminal Onset Matters Most for Delinquent Careers?
By DeLisi, Matt; Neppl, Tricia K.; Lohman, Brenda J.; Vaughn, Michael G.; Shook, Jeffrey J..
Anyone involved with juvenile offenders should know about this study. “Across multiple conceptual models in the social and behavioral sciences, the onset of antisocial behavior is inversely related to the developmental course and severity of the delinquent career. Despite this relation, there is little agreement about the best way to measure early onset … [Based on this study] Arrest onset was most consistently related to antisocial outcomes including two models for career arrests and two models... Read More
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6 pages
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2013
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Early Starters: Which Type of Criminal Onset Matters Most for Delinquent Careers?
By DeLisi, Matt; Neppl, Tricia K.; Lohman, Brenda J.; Vaughn, Michael G.; Shook, Jeffrey J..
Anyone involved with juvenile offenders should know about this study. “Across multiple conceptual models in the social and behavioral sciences, the onset of antisocial behavior is inversely related to the developmental course and severity of the delinquent career. Despite this relation, there is little agreement about the best way to measure early onset … [Based on this study] Arrest onset was most consistently related to antisocial outcomes including two models for career arrests and two models... Read More
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6 pages
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2013
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Treatment Alternatives to Incarceration for People with Mental Health Needs in the Criminal Justice System: The Cost-Savings Implications
By Cloud, David; Davis, Chelsea.
Vera Institute of Justice (New York, NY).
“The disproportionate number of people with behavioral health disorders involved in the criminal justice system puts a tremendous strain on scarce public resources and has a huge impact on health care and criminal justice budgets. This research summary demonstrates that with appropriate treatment and access to community-based services, this population is less likely to be incarcerated and more likely to lead healthy, productive lives—while resulting in substantial costs savings. Sections of this... Read More
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6 pages
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2013
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PTSD, Trauma, and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Detained Youth
By Abram, Kren M.; Teplin, Linda A.; King, Devon C.; Longworth, Sandra L.; Emanuel, Kristin M.; Romero, Erin G.; McClelland, Gary M.; Dulcan, Mina K.; Washburn, Jason J.; Welty, Leah J.; Olson, Nichole D..
U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) (Washington, DC).
“This bulletin examines the results of the Northwestern Juvenile Project—a prospective longitudinal study of youth detained at the Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center in Chicago, IL. The authors discuss their findings on the prevalence of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among juvenile detainees and PTSD’s tendency to co-occur with other psychiatric disorders” (p. 1). Sections of this bulletin include: highlights; methods—measures; findings about trauma (overall rates,... Read More
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16 pages
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2013
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Systems-Level Implementation of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Center of Substance Abuse Treatment (Rockville, MD).
Knowledge Application Program (KAP) (Rockville, MD).
This Technical Assistance Publication (TAP) “[d]escribes core elements of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) programs for people with or at risk for substance use disorders. [It also] [d]escribes SBIRT services implementation, covering challenges, barriers, cost, and sustainability.” Five chapters are contained in this publication: introduction; SBIRT overview—defining screening. brief intervention, brief treatment, and referral to treatment, the SBIRT process the p... Read More
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82 pages
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2013
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An Innovative Program Model for Mental Health Clinic Services for Correctional Reentry Populations: The Fortune Society’s Better Living Center
Jacob and Valeria Langeloth Foundation (New York, NY).
Policy Research Associates (PRAINC) (Delmar, NY).
New York’s Better Living Center (BLC) (in Queens) is highlighted. “Regardless of an individual's reason for not seeking mental health treatment, their risk of recidivism increases greatly without the appropriate treatment. The Fortune Society’s innovative approach to addressing the problem of criminal justice-involved clients with mental illness not engaging in treatment was to create the Better Living Center” (p. 1). The Fortune society provides recently released inmate with a “one-stop model” ... Read More
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4 pages
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2013
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Emergency Procedures for Private Prisons
Oklahoma Dept. of Corrections (Oklahoma City, OK).
Procedures cover: definition of an emergency; training—training, emergency drills, and notification for private prison disturbances or major disasters; departmental response to private prison emergencies—response, and media; incident debriefing and closure; serious incidents; and departmental response reimbursement—invoice process, monitoring receipts, and adjustments.... Read More
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10 pages
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2013
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Guidelines for the Successful Transition of People with Behavioral Health Disorders from Jail and Prison
By Blandford, Alex M.; Osher, Fred.
GAINS Center for Behavioral Health and Justice Transformation (Delmar, NY); Council of State Governments (CSG) Justice Center (New York, NY).
The Behavioral Health Framework developed to “help professionals in the corrections and behavioral health systems take a coordinated approach to reducing recidivism and advancing recovery” is explained (p. 2). Sections of this publication cover: building effective partnerships through a shared vision; health care reform and opportunities for expanded access to behavioral health services; prioritizing enrollment to facilitate transition; the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model; implications for su... Read More
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43 pages
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2013
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Out of Sight, Out of Mind: Colorado’s Continued Warehousing of Mentally Ill Prisoners in Solitary Confinement
ACLU of Colorado (Denver, CO).
“This report examines past and continued use of solitary confinement by the Colorado Department of Corrections (CDOC) to manage mentally ill prisoners; considers the moral, fiscal, safety and legal implications of CDOC’s continued warehousing of mentally ill prisoners in solitary confinement; and makes recommendations to bring Colorado’s prisons in line with modern psychiatric, correctional and legal standards” (p. 1). Sections following an executive summary include: key facts and findings; pol... Read More
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25 pages
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2013
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A Death Before Dying: Solitary Confinement on Death Row
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) (New York, NY).
The double punishment experienced by death-sentenced prisoners is documented. This publication should be read by any stakeholder connected with the capital punishment process—policy leaders, lawyers, judges, and the public. Sections contained in this report are: introduction; trapped in a broken system; punishment on top of punishment; survey reveals majority of death rows hold prisoners in solitary confinement—cramped and bare cells are the norm, most on death row experience extreme isolation a... Read More
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14 pages
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2013
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Lessons Learned through The Health Foundation of Greater Cincinnati's Substance Use Disorder and Severe Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System Initiative
By Fontaine, Jocelyn; Ho, Helen; Greer, Kaitlin.
Health Foundation of Greater Cincinnati (Cincinnati, OH).
The aim of this report is to present the findings of an evaluation of an initiative to improve the outcomes of justice-involved individuals with severe mental illnesses in the Greater Cincinnati area. It is divided into five parts: introduction—importance of the Initiative, substance use disorder and severe mental illness in the criminal justice system, and the Urban Society study; grantee interviews; grantee outcomes; lessons learned for criminal justice and behavioral health practitioners, for... Read More
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36 pages
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2013
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Closing the Widening Net: The Rights of Juveniles at Intake
By Birckhead, Tamar R..
The author looks at how the intake process can be made fair for low-income children. His approach “would represent a middle ground between what often happens during the intake evaluation in juvenile court—namely that cases lacking a factual basis are approved for filing—and the practice in adult criminal court, where the defendant’s needs are never a factor in the analysis of whether a criminal complaint should issue” (p. 24). Sections following an abstract are: introduction; what is at stake; ... Read More
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28 pages
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2013
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Best Practices for Increasing Access to SSI/SSDI upon Exiting Criminal Justice Settings
By Ware, Dazara; Dennis, Deborah.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). SSI/SSDI Outreach, Access and Recovery (SOAR) (Rockville, MD).
“The Social Security Administration (SSA), through its Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) programs, can provide income and other benefits to persons with mental illness who are reentering the community from jails and prisons. The SSI/SSDI Outreach, Access and Recovery program (SOAR), a project funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, is a national technical assistance program that helps people who are homeless or at ... Read More
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8 pages
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2012
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Adults with Behavioral Health Needs Under Correctional Supervision: A Shared Framework for Reducing Recidivism and Promoting Recovery
By Osher, Fred; D'Amora, David A.; Plotkin, Martha; Jarrett, Nicole; Eggleston, Alexa.
U.S. Bureau of Justice Assistance (Washington, DC).
Council of State Governments. Justice Center (New York, NY); Criminal Justice/Mental Health Consensus Project (New York, NY); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
“This white paper presents a shared framework for reducing recidivism and behavioral health problems among individuals under correctional control or supervision—that is, for individuals in correctional facilities or who are on probation or parole. The paper is written for policymakers, administrators, and practitioners committed to making the most effective use of scarce resources to improve outcomes for individuals with behavioral health problems who are involved in the corrections system. It i... Read More
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82 pages
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2011
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Corrections & Mental Health
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); USIS/Labat, Inc. (McLean, VA).
In recent years, an increasing number of persons with mental illness, including those who have co-occurring substance abuse disorders, have come into contact with the criminal justice system. Some estimates suggest that as many as two million men and women with mental health problems are involved with our country's community corrections, jail, and prison systems.
The National Institute of Corrections (NIC) is highly concerned with the health and mental well-being both of those who work dilige... Read More
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1 page
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2010
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Crisis Intervention Teams: An Effective Response to Mental Illness in Corrections [Satellite/Internet Broadcast]
National Institute of Corrections Academy (Aurora, CO).
Our nation’s jails, prisons, and community corrections agencies are confronted daily with substantial numbers of persons with mental illness in custody and under supervision. Mental illness in corrections demands an urgency of response, services, and care. Correctional staff have attempted to manage individuals suffering mental illness with varying degrees of success. In searching for meaningful methods of response, some agencies, in partnership with stakeholder communities, have implemented Cri... Read More
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1 video DVD (149 min.)
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2010
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Crisis Intervention Teams: A Frontline Response to Mental Illness in Corrections [Lesson Plans and Participant's Manual]
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
The tools, strategies, and techniques that will allow corrections staff, mental health service providers, and advocates to work together to develop and implement a crisis intervention team (CIT) are presented. CITs help reduce crisis situations, improve safety, and promote better outcomes for persons with mental illness.
Participants will learn: about the core elements of a locally developed and owned CIT for managing mental illness in prisons, jails, and community corrections; how to develop c... Read More
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approximately 300 pages
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2010
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Report on the Activities of the Institutional Corrections Research Network, 2007-2009
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
Association of State Correctional Administrators (ASCA) (Middletown, MD).
The National Institute of Corrections 'has incorporated outcome measures and performance standards into the work that they do across the country to determine if those activities were having an impact and benefiting the field ' One of the primary means by which NIC approached this work was through the development of the Institutional Corrections Research Network (ICRN) ' a group of correctional administrators and corrections researchers that meets annually to discuss research in the field of corr... Read More
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46 pages
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2009
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Improving Outcomes for People with Mental Illnesses Under Community Corrections Supervision: A Guide to Research-Informed Policy and Practice
By Prins, Seth Jacob; Draper, Laura.
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (Chicago, IL);
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
Council of State Governments. Justice Center (New York, NY).
“This guide is organized around policymakers’ common questions about people with mental illnesses under community corrections supervision and the type and effectiveness of strategies designed to respond to this population” (p.3). Sections include: executive summary; introduction; the extent and nature of the problem; strategies to improve outcomes for people with mental illnesses under community corrections supervision; future research questions and implications for policy and practice; and conc... Read More
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44 p.
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2009
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The Mentally Ill in Jail: Whose Problem Is It Anyway? [Satellite/Internet Broadcast]
National Institute of Corrections. Academy Division (Aurora, CO).
This 3-hour program, originally broadcast July 15, 2009, provides an overview of opportunities that can help your organization prepare to work with persons suffering from mental illness in jails. Mental health issues in the criminal justice system are a community wide problem, and corrections stakeholders, including government officials and corrections personnel, all have a role in identifying creative programs and solutions that tackle the problem at its core. This broadcast investigates the sc... Read More
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3 computer disks; DVD-ROM (159 min.) + 1 computer disk; CD-ROM
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2009
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Improving Responses to People with Mental Illnesses: The Essential Elements of Specialized Probation Initiatives
By Prins, Seth J.; Oshner, Fred C..
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
Council of State Governments Justice Center (New York, NY).
“This report articulates 10 essential elements for all probation interventions that involve people with mental illnesses, regardless of the particular program model” (p. vii). The essential elements are: collaborative planning and administration; defining, identifying, and assessing a target population; designing the initiative and matching individuals to supervision and treatment options; setting conditions of community supervision; developing an individualized case plan; providing or linking t... Read More
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24 p.
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2007
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Increasing Collaboration Between Corrections and Mental Health Organizations: Kansas Case Study
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
Council of State Governments. Criminal Justice Mental Health Consensus Project (Lexington, KY); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
The COR-Pathways (Community Offender Resources Pathways) transition planning program, a collaboration between the Kansas Department of Corrections (DOC) and Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services (SRS), is described and evaluated. Sections contained in this case study are: introduction; summary of initiatives for re-entering offenders with mental illness; building collaboration (2001-2003); breaking new ground (2003-2005); evaluating program impact; looking ahead -- challenges; lookin... Read More
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16 p.
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2007
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Increasing Collaboration Between Corrections and Mental Health Organizations: Orange County Case Study
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
Council of State Governments. Criminal Justice Mental Health Consensus Project (Lexington, KY); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
The use of the Mental Health Pretrial Release Program (MHPTR) by the Orange County Jail, in order to identify those individuals with mental illness who can be safely supervised in the community prior to their trials, is discussed. Seven sections comprising this case study are: introduction; summary of initiatives; first steps -- 1999-2004; beyond the Central Receiving Center -- 2004-2006; assessing the impact of new initiatives; looking ahead -- challenges; and dimensions of collaboration. Succ... Read More
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20 p.
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2007
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Large Jail Network Meeting, January 28-30, 2007, Longmont, Colorado
National Institute of Corrections. Jails Division (Washington, DC).
Contents of these proceedings are: meeting highlights; “Reflecting on 15 Years of the Large Jail Network” by David Parrish and Art Wallenstein; “Open Forum: Hot Topics for Discussion”; “Using the NIC Corrections Community LJN Forum” by Joshua Stengel; “Large Jail Systems Assessment Project” by James Austin; “Legal Issues Update” by Bill Collins; “Improving Collaboration Between Corrections & Mental Health Systems” by Fred Osher and Seth Prins; “Diagnosing Organizational Culture” by Carol Flaher... Read More
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50 p.
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2005
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Improving the Response to Offenders with Mental Illness Through Mental Health and Criminal Justice Collaboration
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
Proceedings from hearings regarding mentally ill offenders are provided. Contents of this publication include: executive summary; outline of proceedings; opening remarks and introduction; hearing panel -- setting the context -- the increasing number of people with mental illness under corrections supervision -- origins of the problem and key strategies for addressing it; hearing panel -- case studies of state and local mental health and corrections collaboration; summary of day's proceedings; D... Read More
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183 p.
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2005
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Mental Health Consultant Report
By White, Thomas.
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
Iowa Dept. of Corrections. Iowa State Penitentiary. Clinical Care Unit (Des Moines, IA).
Results from an evaluation of the treatment of mentally ill inmates housed in the CCU (Critical Care Unit) of the Iowa State Penitentiary are provided. Sections of this report include: comments from the Iowa Department of Corrections; cover letter to the study proper; background and overview; findings regarding recent suicide deaths of four offenders, mental health/treatment issues, and security issues; summary of suicide death review; overview of management and personnel issues; evaluation of ... Read More
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54 p.
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2005
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Proceedings of the Large Jail Network Meeting, Winter 2005
National Institute of Corrections. Jails Division (Longmont, CO).
This Large Jail Network meeting took place January 30-February 1, 2005, in Longmont, Colorado. Contents of these proceedings include: NICs Core Competency Model Project: Preparing Leaders in Corrections for the Future by Robert Brown; Training as a Strategic Management Tool by Tom Reid; Legal Issues and Mentally Ill Inmates by Bill Collins; Mental Health Services in Jails: Identifying Problems by Joel A. Dvoskin; Informal Announcements by David Parrish; Mental Health Issues: Open Forum Discussio... Read More
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67 p.
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2004
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Effective Prison Mental Health Services: Guidelines to Expand and Improve Treatment
By Hills, Holly; Siegfried, Christine; Ickowitz, Alan.
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
National Mental Health Association (Alexandria, VA); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
"[H]istorical , legal, and ethical issues relevant to dealing with mental illness in the field of corrections" are discussed (p. iii). Chapters include: introduction; screening and assessment; mental health and substance abuse treatment; use of seclusion, segregation, and restraints; suicide prevention; treating women offenders; psychopharmacological intervention for psychiatric disorders; transitional services; treatment of special populations (e.g., persons with mental retardation or developme... Read More
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91 p.
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2002
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Understanding Managed Behavioral Health Care in Community Corrections [Videoconference Held July 17, 2002]
National Institute of Corrections Academy (Longmont, CO).
This program addresses behavior health care services for offenders under community supervision.
Topics include: mental illness and its impact on individuals in community corrections; special issues with behavioral managed care in criminal justice; the history and components of managed behavioral healthcare and what has not worked; what constitutes good managed behavioral healthcare; legal issues and liabilities related to behavioral health care and community corrections; collaborative strate... Read More
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1 DVD (180 min.)
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2002
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NIC Broadcast: Mental Illness in Jails Q & A
National Institute of Corrections Academy (Longmont, CO).
Questions and answers regarding the following topics are provided: deferred prosecution, recidivism, isolation, cost concerns, coordinated efforts, medicating for behavior issues, classification, diversion and mental health courts, jail overcrowding, rehabilitation, privitization, standards of care, assessment tools, treatment review committees, follow-up, stakeholders, case referral, continuity of care, and additional resources.... Read More
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9 p.
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2002
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Jail Inmates with Mental Illness: A Community Problem [Videoconference Held April 17, 2002]
National Institute of Corrections Academy (Longmont, CO).
This videoconference addresses issues faced by jails that must deal with increasing numbers of inmates with serious mental illnesses. Topics discussed include: - Essential jail-based service components for mentally ill inmates;
- Creative approaches to meet the service needs of the mentally ill;
- Identification of potential resources that can be used in the management of this special population;
- Mental health courts;
- And how to maintain continuity of care.
... Read More
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1 DVD (180 min.)
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2002
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Meeting the Challenge in Correctional Mental Health Care: The Prison Experience [Videoconference Held June 19, 2002]
National Institute of Corrections Academy (Longmont, CO).
This videoconference provides Information regarding cooperation between correctional agencies and mental health authorities to ensure continuity of care and adequate treatment for offenders with mental illness or mental health problems. Participants will learn about:
- The scope of the problem concerning mental illness in prison;
- Innovative program strategies and best practices;
- The value of early planning for community re-entry;
- And approaches for determining program effi... Read More
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1 DVD (180 min.)
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2001
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Options for Managing Difficult Inmates [Videoconference held on June 13, 2001]
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
Difficult inmates, such as those who have gang affiliations, chronic behavioral problems or who are mentally or socially challenged, require more complex management interventions. This program presents a menu of options for managing difficult inmates, discusses barriers, and identifies resources. Segments of this presentation include:
- Description of the "difficult" inmate
- Criteria for placement and release to special housing
- Program options that are working nationally
- Ob... Read More
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1 DVD (180 min.)
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2001
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Colorado Mental Health Training Course for Law Enforcement and Corrections Officers [Lesson Plan]
By Sherman, Richard K..
National Institute of Corrections Academy (Longmont, CO).
Colorado. Twentieth Judicial District (Boulder, CO).
Effective interactions with individuals who suffer from mental disorders are described during this 8-hour course. Five sections comprise this lesson plan:
- Introduction and background;
- Mental disorders;
- Officer interactions with emotionally disturbed persons;
- Understanding the experience of mental illness;
- And legal and liability issues.
... Read More
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157 p.
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2001
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Integrated Services Reduce Recidivism Among Homeless Adults with Serious Mental Illness in California
By Davis, Gray; Johnson, Grantland; Mayberg, Stephen W..
U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (Rockville, MD); U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Center for Mental Health Services (Rockville, MD); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Justice Programs (Washington, DC); U.S. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Washington, DC).
National GAINS Center (Delmar, NY)
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A summary of the report "Effectiveness of Integrated Services for Homeless Adults with Serious Mental Illness" is provided. The report documents the impressive results coming from the Community Mental Health Treatment Program (AB 2034). Programs reduced the number of days homeless, incarcerated, and hospitalized for participants.... Read More
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2 p.
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2001
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Commission on the Status of Mental Health of Iowa's Corrections Population
Community Corrections Improvement Association (Cedar Rapids, IA); Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (Princeton, NJ); Greater Cedar Rapids Community Foundation (Cedar Rapids, IA); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC); Council of State Governments (Lexington, KY).
State Public Policy Group, Inc. (Cedar Rapids, IA)
.
The effects of an increasing number of offenders with serious mental health problems are investigated. Sections of this report include: executive summary; introduction and purpose; methodology/overview of effort; hearings summary; findings; and the survey report which identifies unfulfilled mandates, non-uniform performance, a sense of urgency for problem solution, the desire for community-based correctional settings, and overwhelming support for solutions existing within Iowa's correctional sy... Read More
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39 pages
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1998
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Psychopaths: Their Nature and Impact on Corrections [Videoconference held August 5, 1998]
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
This three-hour interactive videoconference addresses both adult and juvenile psychopaths who are incarcerated or under community supervision. It covers the following topics: identification, diagnosis, and classification of psychopathic offenders and detainees; assessing their risk for violence (prediction studies); special considerations with psychopathic sex offenders; costs associated with managing these offenders and detainees; the implications for treatment, management, and release; Hendric... Read More
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1 DVD (180 min.)
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1996
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Community Corrections in America: New Directions and Sounder Investments for Persons with Mental Illness and Codisorders
By Lurigio, Arthur J., ed..
U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Rockville, MD); National Institute of Corrections .
National Coalition for Mental and Substance Abuse Health Care in the Justice System (Seattle, WA).
Fifteen contributors provide ten chapters in this document, titled as follows:
1. The Challenge of Responding to Persons with Mental Illness on Community Corrections Supervision;
2. Persons with Mental Illness on Probation and Parole: The Importance of Information;
3. Offenders with Mental Illness on Probation Supervision;
4. Women in Probation and Parole;
5. Working with Seriously Mentally Ill Substance Abusers;
6. People of Color;
7. Juveniles: The First Frontier;
... Read More
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184 p.
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1995
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Safety Awareness Workbook: Anticipating, Identifying, and Resolving the Potential Victimization of Probation and Parole Officers
By Kipp, Richard A..
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
Lehigh County Adult Probation and Parole (Allentown, PA).
This workbook discusses worker safety issues in probation and parole. Officers' mental attitudes and use of force are addressed. General indications of drug use by clients, signs of aggression, possible resistance or attack, discussion of mental health issues, and general warning signs related to sex offenders are discussed. Finally, safety tactics, such as light conditions, building design, and vehicle considerations are discussed as they relate to officer safety.... Read More
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88 p.
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1994
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Concept Paper for a National Forum on Creating Jail Mental Health Systems, San Francisco, CA, November 9-10, 1994
National Institute of Corrections. Jails Division (Longmont, CO); National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
Policy Research Associates (Delmar, NY); U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Center for Mental Health Services (Washington, DC).
This concept paper examines mentally ill offenders and their special needs that must be addressed when they come in contact with the criminal justice system.
The various points of contact are with police, jails/lockups, prisons, probation and parole, and diversion programs. Some principles for successful mental health services and prospects for federal initiatives are discussed.
Finally, there is a section describing the Center for Mental Health Services program which illustrates the hom... Read More
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96 p.
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1992
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Proceedings of the Large Jail Network Meeting, July 26-28, 1992 [Denver, Colorado]
National Institute of Corrections Jails Division (Longmont, CO).
Regularly convened meetings of administrators of the seventy-five jurisdictions in the U.S. with populations over 1000 inmates provide an exchange of ideas and information. This meeting dealt primarily with the American With Disabilities Act (ADA) and featured presentations on: An overview of the ADA; Legal issues of ADA; Dealing with employee issues and ADA; Update on the National Pretrial Reporting Program; Update on the National Institute of Mental Health Survey; and Information report on the... Read More
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36 p.
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1990
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Jail Diversion for the Mentally Ill: Breaking Through the Barriers
By Steadman, Henry J..
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
National Coalition for the Mentally Ill in the Criminal Justice System (Seattle, WA).
A conference was held on April 2, 1990 that brought together mental health, correctional, and law enforcement professionals to address issues surrounding the mentally ill person who comes in contact with the local jail. Research and program reviews from which the conference deliberations developed are provided. Four categories identified and examined are: screening and evaluation; crisis intervention; treatment; and transfer/discharge planning. ... Read More
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133 p.
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1990
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Special Needs Inmates: A Survey of State Correctional Systems
By Hall, Marie.
National Institute of Corrections National Academy of Corrections (Boulder, CO).
Illinois Dept. of Corrections (Springfield, IL).
The Illinois Department of Corrections conducted a survey of all 50 states to determine the prevalence of inmates who have special medical or mental health needs. Within the 31 states responding, .08 percent to 8.2 percent of prison inmates fell into various special housing categories. These categories included chronic illness, terminally ill, advancing age, ambulation difficulties, and mental health problems.... Read More
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34 p.
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1985
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Correctional Officer's Guide: Patuxent Institution, Jessup, Maryland
By Cheatwood, Derral.
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
Patuxent Institution (Jessup, MD).
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0
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Review of the Literature on Jail Diversion Programs and Summary Recommendations for the Establishment of a Mental Health Court and Crisis Center within Douglas County, Kansas
By Severson, Margaret; Matejkowski, Jason.
"In the late 1990s, jail diversion programs, many especially geared toward those with mental health challenges, began to emerge around the country. New and modified diversion strategies have also been implemented in the last 15 years. These are highlighted and reviewed in the pages that follow. The Douglas County Correctional Facility shares the fate of many detention centers around the country … the literature review that follows is designed only to inform strategies that might result in more e... Read More
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35 pages
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