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Report to Congress on the Recovery of Threatened and Endangered Species Fiscal Years 2007-2008 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service The ultimate goal of the Endangered Species Act (Act) is recovery of threatened and endangered species. Recovery is the process by which the decline of threatened and endangered species is arrested and threats are removed or reduced so that long-term survival of the species can be main-tained in the wild, thus alleviating the need for the protections of the Act. As of September 30, 2008, the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) had lead responsibility for recovering 1,268 federally listed threatened (280) and endangered (988) species. The purpose of this Recovery Report to Congress is to provide an update on the recovery of listed species for Fiscal Years 2007-2008. During this time, recovery has been achieved for three species. The Service has del-isted the Yellowstone distinct population segment (DPS) of the grizzly bear, the bald eagle (except in Arizona), and the West Virginia northern flying squirrel. In addition, the Florida DPS of the American crocodile has been downlisted and six other species have been proposed for delisting. The po-lar bear and Sonoran Desert DPS of the bald eagle (in Arizona) were added to the Federal List of Threatened and Endangered Wildlife and Plants. As part of this Recovery Report, updates on recovery plan information are given. Recovery plans define goals for downlisting and delisting by making recommendations for specific conservation measures. The Service has demonstrated a marked improvement in finalizing recovery plans for threatened and endangered species. By the end of this reporting period, 1,087 species (85%) had final recovery plans, which is a three percent increase from two years ago. In addition, 47 more species had draft plans that were waiting to be finalized. Because species’ declines often occur over the course of decades or centuries prior to their listing, recovery often requires substantial time and resources to achieve. By conducting 5-year status reviews, the Service can determine how much progress is being made towards recovery. These reviews also help us determine whether a species should be delisted or reclassified. In the past, the Service had not regularly conducted 5-year status reviews because of other competing statutory requirements. However, recent lawsuits and notices of intent to sue have highlighted the need to undertake 5-year status reviews. The Service’s Washington Office has recom-mended that each region complete 20% of its species’ 5-year status reviews annually. So far, 887 or 70% of all listed species have had 5-year status reviews initiated, and of those initiated, 329 or 37% have been completed. Of the 329 completed 5-year status reviews, 285 (87%) recommended no change in status for the species, 23 recommended downlisting, 18 recommended delisting, and only 3 recommended uplisting from threatened to endangered. This Recovery Report also provides information on overall species’ status relative to the previous reporting period. These results are not intended to provide status review results such as are available after a 12-month petition finding or a 5-year status review. They are intended only to represent the relative progress that is be-ing made on listed species. By the end of this reporting period, 551 species or 43% were considered stable or improving. However, there were 389 species whose status was decreasing (30%), 301 species’ status was un-known (24%), and 19 species were presumed extinct (1%). Recovering species that are threatened with or in danger of becoming extinct is a daunting task. The Service cannot accomplish this alone. We must rely on Federal, State, local agencies, Tribes, non-governmental organi-zations, universities, private landowners, and other stakeholders for their help. We recognize that the authori-ties, resources, and cooperation of all of our partners will be required to achieve recovery of threatened and endangered species. From the Director Rowan W. Gould, Acting Director This page intentionally left blank. Data Data are presented for each U.S. listed species under the jurisdic-tion of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), organized by major taxonomic groupings. Data include: • the species’ inverted common name, or scientific name where no common name is available; • the lead Service Region; • the date the species was listed under the Act; • the date of the species’ first final recovery plan (if there is one); • the stage of development of the recovery plan; • the date of the species’ most current recovery plan; • the species’ current listing clas-sification; • the species’ recovery priority number; • the date the species’ 5-year review was initiated; • the date the species’ 5-year review was completed; • the species’ population status at the end of FY 2008; • the number of actions outlined in the current recovery plan that have been implemented; • the estimated costs for recovery, if available; and • the estimated time to recovery (from plan completion), if avail-able. Common Name Species are listed in the table by inverted common name within their respective taxonomic groups. Where a species has more than one commonly accepted common name, the alternate name is indicated in parentheses with an “equals” symbol followed by the alternate name. The scientific name is also given in parentheses behind the common name. Many plants and some invertebrates have no com-mon name, so only the scientific name is given. Lead Region This indicates which Service Region has the lead responsibil-ity for the species (see Map on inside back cover). For example, a number “8” indicates a species for which the California-Nevada Re-gional Office has lead responsibil-ity. Some species are wide ranging and may be found in more than one region. Date Listed This indicates the date the species was added to the list of federally Endangered and Threatened Spe-cies. Date of First Final Plan This indicates the date that the first final recovery plan was ap-proved (signed by the Regional Director or Director). An N/A in this column indicates that the species does not yet have a final recovery plan. Plan Status The status of recovery plan devel-opment is reported as indicated below: • F = Final plan has been ap-proved by the Regional Director and a Notice of Availability has been published in the Federal Register. • D = Draft plan has been ap-proved by the Regional Director and published in the Federal Register as available for public comment. • RD(#) = Draft of the revised plan has been approved by the Regional Director and published in the Federal Register as avail-able for public comment. The draft of the first revision to the final plan is recorded as RD(1), draft of the second revision to the final plan is recorded as RD(2), etc. • RF(#) = Final revision has been approved by the Regional Direc-tor and a Notice of Availability has been published in the Fed-eral Register. The first revision is recorded as RF(1), the second revision is RF(2), etc. • E = Species that are exempted from recovery plan develop-ment. Species are “exempt” if the Service has determined that developing a recovery plan will not promote the conservation of the species. • N/A = the species does not yet have an approved recovery plan. Report to Congress on the Recovery of Threatened and Endangered Species Fiscal Years 2007-2008 The city of Yreka, California, is a partner with the Fish and Wildlife Service in efforts to recover the Yreka phlox, an endangered wildflower. Matt Braun/FWS 1 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Report FY07-08 Date of Current or Active Plan This indicates the date of the spe-cies’ most current recovery plan. An “N/A” in this column indicates that a recovery plan for the spe-cies is still under development. A date in this column that is differ-ent from the date in the Date of First Final Plan column indicates that the plan has undergone a revi-sion (or is currently undergoing a revision) or that earlier drafts and final plans for some individual spe-cies may have been incorporated into later multi-species or ecosys-tem plans. Listing Classification The species’ listing classification, as of September 30, 2008, is identi-fied as threatened (T) or endan-gered (E). Recovery Priority Number The first step for the conserva-tion of any species is to prevent its extinction. Thus the species with the highest degree of threat have the highest priority for preparing and implementing recovery plans. Additionally, appropriate use of the limited resources available to implement the Act, must be consid-ered. To this end, each species is assigned a recovery priority from 1 to 18 according to the degree of threats, recovery potential, and taxonomic distinctness. In addi-tion, a species’ rank may be el-evated by adding a “C” designation to its numerical rank to indicate that it is, or may be, in conflict with construction or other development projects, or other forms of econom-ic activity. Species with a high pri-ority rank (1, 1C, 2, 2C) are those that are the most threatened and have the highest potential for re-covery. Species with a low rank (16, 17, 18) are the least threatened and have low recovery potentials. See 48 FR 43098-43105 (Sept. 21, 1983), and Table 3 on 48 FR 51935 (Nov. 15, 1983) for additional information on this prioritization system. Although Recovery Priority Numbers are intended to serve as guidelines for prioritizing development and implementation of recovery plans, many other factors affect how we allocate limited recovery resources. The Service allocates the majority of its general recovery funding to the Regional Offices through a meth-odology that uses the number of species and the likely complexity of recovery, for instance a wide-ranging animal species would be weighted higher (and receive more funding) than an endemic plant. Individual regions and field offices prioritize funding for listed species based on a variety of other fac-tors that likely include the species recovery priority rankings, degree of threat, and potential for success. However, many other factors affect how we allocate our limited recov-ery funding. These other factors include the number of species ben-efitting from an action, partnership opportunities, leveraging of fund-ing with other partners, whether the action will benefit other spe-cies, and whether the action will promote recovery or improve spe-cies status over a large geographic area. In addition, some recovery funding is necessarily expended to maintain a species status or move a species closer to recovery and delisting. As a species moves closer towards achieving recovery, the degree of threats to the spe-cies decreases, and is reflected in a lower RPN. However, without continued funding for ongoing or remaining recovery actions, it is often impossible to maintain a species’ improved status or to del-ist the species. Therefore, some funding decisions are made based on the need to maintain a species’ improved status, on the ability to move a species closer to recovery, or to move a species to the point that it is fully recovered and ready for delisting. Relying more on RPNs as a factor in allocating recovery funding is challenging due to the difficulty in keeping RPNs up to date to reflect the species’ current status under The Palos Verde blue butterfly of southern California benefits from captive-rearing facilities set up to recover this endangered species. © Moose Peterson/Wildlife Research Photography www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Report FY07-08 2 changing threat conditions. In some cases, it may even be dif-ficult to assess whether changing conditions warrant a change in RPNs. For example, the Indiana bat, gray bat, and Virginian big-eared bat have RPNs of 8, 8, and 9C, respectively (indicating species with moderate threats and high recovery potential). However, the appearance of the disease “white-nose syndrome” in the Northeast-ern U.S. poses a potentially deadly threat to all bat species. The degree of threat is unknown but could potentially be very high. The ability to protect bat species from or remove the threat of white-nose syndrome (recovery potential) is also unknown, making it difficult to determine an appropriate RPN based on degree of threat and recovery potential. The Service moved forward to fund proposals to investigate the causes and moni-tor the extent of the disease over funding actions for species that have higher RPNs. In this case, the Service needed to respond quickly to a potentially grave threat before knowing enough to positively quantify it in a changed RPN. Additionally, swift actions to monitor and prevent spread of the disease are likely needed to prevent recovery potential of these species from moving from high to low. As we describe below, we are implementing several measures to ensure that RPNs are periodically reviewed and updated and expect to examine the RPNs of our listed bat species through this process. While the Service’s RPN guide-lines are intended to be used as a guide for prioritizing recovery planning and implementation rather than being an inflexible framework, we have undertaken several steps to ensure that RPNs are regularly reviewed and updated. These changes will help RPNs keep pace with the on-the-ground conditions for our listed species, and increase their relevance in decision-making. We have implemented yearly review of RPNs during our annual per-formance reporting, and included review of RPNs as part of our periodic species 5-year reviews required by section 4(c)(2) of the Act. Currently, changes in RPNs can only be entered once a year in the Service’s TESS (Threatened and Endangered Species System) database during our annual perfor-mance reporting. We are develop-ing mechanisms in TESS that will allow us to update RPNs as needed throughout the year so that the RPN displayed in the Service’s da-tabases won’t lag behind the actual species’ condition. This change will also allow us to display accu-rate RPNs on the species profiles posted on our Endangered Species public website, and to better com-municate our recovery priorities to our partners and stakeholders. Fish and Wildlife Service biologist Judy Jacobs feeds a young Laysan albatross at Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge in Hawaii, as part of research into methods to translocate the endangered short-tailed albatross. Brenda Zaun/FWS 3 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Report FY07-08 Five-year Status Reviews The information displayed repre-sents the five-year status reviews currently defined for the species. The initiation date is the date a notice was published in the Fed-eral Register which announced the initiation of the five-year status review and requested any new in-formation relevant to the species. The completion date is the date the five-year status review was signed by the Service’s Regional Director or appropriate delegated authority. Species Status (FY 2008) The population status of each spe-cies is identified as: • Improving: Species for which information available indicates that the species status improved since the last reporting period (i.e. population numbers in-creased, threats decreased or were managed, or both). • Stable: Species for which the information available indicates that the species status neither improved nor declined since the last reporting period (i.e., popu-lation numbers remained con-stant, and threats did not affect species status during reporting period). • Declining: Species for which the information available indicates that the species status declined since the last reporting period (i.e., population numbers de-creased, threats increased or continued to impact the species, or both). • Uncertain: Species for which the information available is not sufficient to determine their status since the last reporting period (i.e. significant level of uncertainty in effects of threats, or significant and/or extended lack of information on popula-tion numbers or other demo-graphic characteristics over most or all the species range). • Captivity: Species that are found only in captivity, and not in the wild within its range. • Presumed Extinct: Species that are believed to be extinct, but may not be confirmed so, or spe-cies for which surveys have been conducted to confirm extinction, but are awaiting completion of the delisting rule. • Presumed Extirpated in the U.S. and Extant outside the U.S.: Cross-border species believed or confirmed to no longer exist in the U.S., but still occur elsewhere within its range outside the U.S. Number of Actions Implemented The “number of actions imple-mented” represents the total number of recovery actions identi-fied in the implementation sched-ules of the recovery documents in the Recovery Online Activity Reporting (ROAR) database that have been implemented. Recov-ery Actions are defined as actions Rio Grande silvery minnow. Aimee Roberson/FWS Fish and Wildlife Service staff net Rio Grande silvery minnows brought by truck from New Mexico to reestablish the species at Big Bend National Park in Texas. Volunteers and partners in the program passed buckets of the fish down the line to a temporary pen in the river prior to release. Raymond Skiles/NPS www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Report FY07-08 4 relevant to eliminating or reduc-ing the threats identified in listing rules, recovery plans, and through subsequent 5-year reviews that are identified as such in ROAR. A recovery action in ROAR will count as “implemented” if it has an action status of ongoing cur-rent, ongoing not current, partially complete, or complete (if it has an associated completion date within the current FY). Caution needs to be applied when reviewing the total number of recovery actions implemented. Many species are included in multi-species recovery plans so some actions may be listed more than once. These data repre-sent the number of actions imple-mented in FY 2008 only. Prior to FY 2008 we only collected data on the number of actions initiated for which the Service was identified as the lead or co-lead in the imple-mentation schedule. The “number of actions imple-mented” replaces the “recovery achieved” data that we have included in previous Recovery Reports to Congress. For recov-ery achieved, we reported a value of 1 to 4 that corresponded with a percentage of the species recovery objectives that had been achieved. However, this number did not necessarily correspond with the percentage of recovery actions implemented and we found that it was difficult to ensure that the measure was being applied consis-tently for all listed species. With the development and widespread use of the ROAR database, we now have an efficient means of track-ing the actual number of recovery actions implemented. We believe that this value serves as a better indicator of the level of effort be-ing invested to recover each listed species. We first began collecting these data in FY 2008 as we imple-mented reporting on the perfor-mance measures identified in the Endangered Species Program’s draft strategic plan. Estimated Costs for Recovery This column indicates the esti-mated costs of recovering the species as reported in their most current final recovery plans. In many cases, this estimate is a minimum estimate because many plans include recovery actions for which the costs are yet to be deter-mined. Multi-species plans often only report an estimated cost for recovery for all species in the plan, thus a single action might benefit multiple species simultaneously. In these cases, the total cost pro-vided in the multi-species plan has been associated with every species from the plan. Cost estimates are not adjusted for inflation, but are relevant to the year the plan was completed. Estimated Time to Recovery This reports the estimated num-ber of years (from the date of the current plan) the recovery plan forecasts it will take the species to recover in order to begin delist-ing. All time estimates are based on the assumption that adequate resources are available to imple-ment all recovery actions identi-fied as necessary for the recovery of the species in a timely fashion. Data are reported only for those recovery plans which provide an estimate of time to delisting. An “N/A” in this column indicates that the recovery plan only reports the time estimated to reclassification, not delisting, or that the time to delisting is expected to be deter-mined at some later date. An endangered black-footed ferret gains its freedom at a reintroduction site in Kansas. Dan Mulhern/FWS 5 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Report FY07-08 Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed Amphibians Coqui, golden (Eleutherodactylus jasperi) 4 11/11/1977 4/19/1984 F 4/19/1984 6 N/A N/A T 5C Presumed Extinct 9/27/2006 N/A Frog, California red-legged (Rana aurora draytonii) 8 5/23/1996 5/28/2002 F 5/28/2002 104 N/A N/A T 6C Unknown N/A N/A Frog, Chiricahua leopard (Rana chiricahuensis) 2 6/13/2002 6/4/2007 F 6/4/2007 78 3,413,000 28 T 2C Improving 5/2/2007 N/A Frog, Mississippi gopher (Rana capito sevosa) 4 12/4/2001 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Frog, mountain yellow-legged (Rana muscosa) 8 7/2/2002 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 3 Stable N/A N/A Guajon (Eleutherodactylus cooki) 4 6/11/1997 9/24/2004 F 9/24/2004 22 846,000 20 T 11 Stable 9/12/2005 N/A Salamander, Barton Springs (Eurycea sosorum) 2 4/30/1997 9/21/2005 F 9/21/2005 48 6,255,000 20 E 2C Improving 1/25/2005 10/5/2006 Salamander, California tiger (Santa Barbara County DPS) (Ambystoma californiense) 8 1/19/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 3C Decreasing 4/24/2007 N/A Salamander, California tiger (Sonoma County DPS) (Ambystoma californiense) 8 7/22/2002 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 3C Stable N/A N/A Salamander, California tiger (Central CA DPS) (Ambystoma californiense) 8 8/4/2004 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 9C Decreasing N/A N/A Salamander, Cheat Mountain (Plethodon nettingi) 5 8/18/1989 7/25/1991 F 7/25/1991 23 N/A N/A T 8C Stable 12/16/2008 N/A Salamander, desert slender (Batrachoseps aridus) 8 6/4/1973 8/12/1982 F 8/12/1982 37 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 2/14/2007 N/A Salamander, flatwoods (Ambystoma cingulatum) 4 4/1/1999 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 5 Decreasing 6/14/2005 N/A Salamander, Red Hills (Phaeognathus hubrichti) 4 1/3/1977 11/23/1983 F 11/23/1983 9 N/A N/A T 7 Unknown 9/8/2006 N/A Salamander, San Marcos (Eurycea nana) 2 7/14/1980 4/8/1985 RF(1) 2/14/1996 36 N/A N/A T 2C Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) 8 3/11/1967 9/28/1977 RD(1) 7/2/1999 74 N/A N/A E 6C Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Salamander, Shenandoah (Plethodon shenandoah) 5 8/18/1989 9/29/1994 F 9/29/1994 21 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 1/16/2008 N/A Salamander, Sonora tiger (Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi) 2 1/6/1997 9/24/2002 F 9/24/2002 38 N/A N/A E 3 Unknown 4/21/2006 10/4/2007 Salamander, Texas blind (Typhlomolge rathbuni) 2 3/11/1967 4/8/1985 RF(1) 2/14/1996 36 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 3/20/2008 N/A Toad, arroyo (=arroyo southwestern) (Bufo californicus (=microscaphus)) 8 12/16/1994 7/24/1999 F 7/24/1999 75 3,315,000 12 E 8 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Toad, Houston (Bufo houstonensis) 2 10/13/1970 9/17/1984 F 9/17/1984 23 N/A N/A E 2C Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Toad, Puerto Rican crested (Peltophryne lemur) 4 8/4/1987 8/7/1992 F 8/7/1992 17 N/A N/A T 2C Improving 9/21/2007 N/A GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 1 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Toad, Wyoming (Bufo baxteri (=hemiophrys)) 6 1/17/1984 9/11/1991 F 9/11/1991 34 N/A N/A E 2 Stable N/A N/A Arachnids Harvestman, Bee Creek Cave (Texella reddelli) 2 9/16/1988 8/25/1994 F 8/25/1994 21 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 4/23/2007 N/A Harvestman, Bone Cave (Texella reyesi) 2 9/16/1988 8/25/1994 F 8/25/1994 21 N/A N/A E 2C Decreasing 4/23/2007 N/A Harvestman, Cokendolpher Cave (Texella cokendolpheri) 2 12/26/2000 N/A D 5/16/2008 25 140,628,000 25 E 2C Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Meshweaver, Braken Bat Cave (Cicurina venii) 2 12/26/2000 N/A D 5/16/2008 25 140,628,000 25 E 2C Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Meshweaver, Government Canyon Bat Cave (Cicurina vespera) 2 12/26/2000 N/A D 5/16/2008 25 140,628,000 25 E 2C Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Meshweaver, Madla's Cave (Cicurina madla) 2 12/26/2000 N/A D 5/16/2008 25 140,628,000 25 E 2C Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Meshweaver, Robber Baron Cave (Cicurina baronia) 2 12/26/2000 N/A D 5/16/2008 25 140,628,000 25 E 2C Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Pseudoscorpion, Tooth Cave (Tartarocreagris texana) 2 9/16/1988 8/25/1994 F 8/25/1994 21 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 4/23/2007 N/A Spider, Government Canyon Bat Cave (Neoleptoneta microps) 2 12/26/2000 N/A D 5/16/2008 25 140,628,000 25 E 2C Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Spider, Kauai cave wolf or pe'e pe'e maka 'ole (Adelocosa anops) 1 1/14/2000 7/19/2006 F 7/19/2006 18 3,445,000 30 E 1C Stable 7/6/2005 9/29/2006 Spider, spruce-fir moss (Microhexura montivaga) 4 2/6/1995 9/11/1998 F 9/11/1998 10 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 7/29/2008 N/A Spider, Tooth Cave (Leptoneta myopica) 2 9/16/1988 8/25/1994 F 8/25/1994 21 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 4/23/2007 N/A Birds `O`o, Kauai (honeyeater) (Moho braccatus) 1 3/11/1967 7/29/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 4 Unknown 7/6/2005 N/A `O`u (honeycreeper) (Psittirostra psittacea) 1 3/11/1967 2/3/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 4 Unknown 7/6/2005 N/A Akepa, Hawaii (honeycreeper) (Loxops coccineus coccineus) 1 10/13/1970 2/3/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 8 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Akepa, Maui (honeycreeper) (Loxops coccineus ochraceus) 1 10/13/1970 5/30/1984 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 6 Unknown 4/11/2006 N/A Akialoa, Kauai (honeycreeper) (Hemignathus procerus) 1 3/11/1967 7/29/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 5 Unknown 7/6/2005 N/A Akiapola`au (honeycreeper) (Hemignathus munroi) 1 3/11/1967 2/3/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 2 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Albatross, short-tailed (Phoebastria (=Diomedea) albatrus) 7 6/2/1970 N/A D 10/27/2005 55 5,673,000 25 E 8 Improving N/A N/A Blackbird, yellow-shouldered (Agelaius xanthomus) 4 12/12/1976 5/25/1983 RF(1) 11/12/1996 19 N/A N/A E 2 Improving 9/21/2007 N/A Bobwhite, masked (quail) (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi) 2 3/11/1967 1/1/1978 RF(2) 4/21/1995 56 N/A N/A E 6 Decreasing N/A N/A Cahow (Pterodroma cahow) 10 6/2/1970 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 1 Unknown 9/21/2007 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 2 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Caracara, Audubon's crested (Polyborus plancus audubonii) 4 7/6/1987 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A T 8C Unknown 4/16/2008 N/A Condor, California (Gymnogyps californianus) 8 3/11/1967 4/9/1975 RF(3) 4/25/1996 62 N/A N/A E 4C Improving N/A N/A Coot, Hawaiian (Fulica americana alai) 1 10/13/1970 6/19/1978 RD(2) 8/24/2005 57 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Crane, Mississippi sandhill (Grus canadensis pulla) 4 6/4/1973 9/14/1976 RF(3) 9/6/1991 17 N/A N/A E 6C Stable N/A N/A Crane, whooping (Grus americana) 2 3/11/1967 1/23/1980 RF(3) 5/29/2007 43 N/A N/A E 2C Stable N/A N/A Creeper, Hawaii (Oreomystis mana) 1 10/28/1975 2/3/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 8 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Creeper, Molokai (Paroreomyza flammea) 1 10/13/1970 5/30/1984 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 5 Unknown 7/6/2005 N/A Creeper, Oahu (Paroreomyza maculata) 1 10/13/1970 9/14/2006 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 5 Unknown 4/11/2006 N/A Crow, Hawaiian (='alala) (Corvus hawaiiensis) 1 3/11/1967 10/28/1982 RD(1) 12/18/2003 47 N/A N/A E 2C Captivity 3/8/2007 N/A Crow, Mariana (=aga) (Corvus kubaryi) 1 8/27/1984 9/28/1990 RD(1) 1/11/2006 61 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing 7/6/2005 N/A Crow, white-necked (Corvus leucognaphalus) 4 4/3/1991 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 11 Presumed Extirpated N/A N/A Curlew, Eskimo (Numenius borealis) 7 3/11/1967 N/A E N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Presumed Extinct N/A N/A Duck, Hawaiian (=koloa) (Anas wyvilliana) 1 3/11/1967 6/19/1978 RD(2) 8/24/2005 57 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Duck, Laysan (Anas laysanensis) 1 3/11/1967 12/17/1982 RD(1) 11/4/2004 27 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 Eagle, bald (Sonoran desert DPS) (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) 2 5/1/2008 9/8/1982 F 9/8/1982 N/A N/A N/A T 8 Stable N/A N/A Eider, spectacled (Somateria fischeri) 7 5/10/1993 8/12/1996 F 8/12/1996 87 N/A N/A T 5 Unknown N/A N/A Eider, Steller's (Polysticta stelleri) 7 6/11/1997 9/30/2002 F 9/30/2002 112 N/A N/A T 3 Unknown N/A N/A Elepaio, Oahu (Chasiempis sandwichensis ibidis) 1 4/18/2000 9/14/2006 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 3 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Falcon, northern aplomado (Falco femoralis septentrionalis) 2 2/25/1986 6/8/1990 F 6/8/1990 19 N/A N/A E 3 Improving N/A N/A Finch, Laysan (honeycreeper) (Telespyza cantans) 1 3/11/1967 10/4/1984 F 10/4/1984 27 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Finch, Nihoa (honeycreeper) (Telespyza ultima) 1 3/11/1967 10/4/1984 F 10/4/1984 27 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Flycatcher, southwestern willow (Empidonax traillii extimus) 2 2/27/1995 8/30/2002 F 8/30/2002 132 N/A N/A E 3C Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Gnatcatcher, coastal California (Polioptila californica californica) 8 3/30/1993 N/A E N/A N/A N/A N/A T 3C Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Goose, Hawaiian (Branta (=Nesochen) sandvicensis) 1 3/11/1967 2/14/1983 RD(1) 9/24/2004 58 N/A N/A E 2 Improving N/A N/A Hawk, Hawaiian (='lo) (Buteo solitarius) 1 3/11/1967 5/9/1984 F 5/9/1984 12 N/A N/A E 14 Stable 3/8/2007 8/6/2008 Hawk, Puerto Rican broad-winged (Buteo platypterus brunnescens) 4 9/9/1994 9/8/1997 F 9/8/1997 16 N/A N/A E 6 Stable 9/21/2007 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 3 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Hawk, Puerto Rican sharp-shinned (Accipiter striatus venator) 4 9/9/1994 9/8/1997 F 9/8/1997 16 N/A N/A E 3 Unknown 9/21/2007 N/A Honeycreeper, crested (Palmeria dolei) 1 3/11/1967 5/30/1984 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 7 Stable N/A N/A Jay, Florida scrub (Aphelocoma coerulescens) 4 6/3/1987 5/9/1990 F 5/9/1990 19 N/A N/A T 8C Decreasing 2/15/2006 9/28/2007 Kingfisher, Guam Micronesian (Halcyon cinnamomina cinnamomina) 1 8/27/1984 9/28/1990 RF(1) 11/14/2008 N/A 145,830,000 50 E 6 Captivity 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Kite, Everglade snail (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) 4 3/11/1967 3/11/1983 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 3C Decreasing 9/27/2006 9/30/2007 Megapode, Micronesian (Megapodius laperouse) 1 6/2/1970 4/10/1998 F 4/10/1998 16 3,677,000 15 E 9 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Millerbird, Nihoa (old world warbler) (Acrocephalus familiaris kingi) 1 3/11/1967 10/4/1984 F 10/4/1984 27 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown 4/29/2008 N/A Moorhen, Hawaiian common (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) 1 3/11/1967 6/19/1978 RD(2) 8/24/2005 57 N/A N/A E 9 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Moorhen, Mariana common (Gallinula chloropus guami) 1 8/27/1984 9/30/1991 F 9/30/1991 73 N/A N/A E 9C Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Murrelet, marbled (Brachyramphus marmoratus) 1 10/1/1992 9/24/1997 F 9/24/1997 35 N/A N/A T 2C Decreasing 4/21/2003 9/1/2004 Nightjar, Puerto Rican (Caprimulgus noctitherus) 4 6/4/1973 4/19/1984 F 4/19/1984 7 N/A N/A E 5C Stable N/A N/A Nukupu`u (honeycreeper) (Hemignathus lucidus) 1 3/11/1967 7/29/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 5 Unknown 4/11/2006 N/A Owl, Mexican spotted (Strix occidentalis lucida) 2 3/16/1993 10/16/1995 F 10/16/1995 157 N/A N/A T 9C Stable N/A N/A Owl, northern spotted (Strix occidentalis caurina) 1 6/26/1990 5/13/2008 F 5/13/2008 34 489,200,000 30 T 3C Decreasing 4/21/2003 11/15/2004 Palila (honeycreeper) (Loxioides bailleui) 1 3/11/1967 1/23/1978 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 1 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Parrot, Puerto Rican (Amazona vittata) 4 3/11/1967 11/30/1982 RD(1) 6/17/2008 29 14,723,000 13 E 2 Stable 9/12/2005 9/26/2008 Parrotbill, Maui (honeycreeper) (Pseudonestor xanthophrys) 1 3/11/1967 5/30/1984 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 1 Stable N/A N/A Pelican, brown (Pelecanus occidentalis) 8 6/2/1970 12/24/1986 F 02/03/1983, 12/24/1986 63 N/A N/A E 9 Stable 5/24/2006 2/7/2007 Petrel, Hawaiian dark-rumped (Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis) 1 3/11/1967 4/25/1983 F 4/25/1983 38 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Pigeon, Puerto Rican plain (Columba inornata wetmorei) 4 10/13/1970 10/14/1982 F 10/14/1982 40 N/A N/A E 3C Stable 9/12/2005 N/A Plover, piping (Great Lakes watershed) (Charadrius melodus) 3 12/11/1985 9/16/2003 F 9/16/2003 53 N/A N/A E 2C Stable N/A N/A Plover, piping (except Great Lakes watershed) (Charadrius melodus) 5 12/11/1985 3/31/1988 RF(1), F 05/02/1996, 05/12/1988 40 N/A N/A T 2C Stable 9/30/2008 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 4 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Plover, western snowy (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) 8 3/5/1993 N/A F 9/24/2007 94 149,946,000 40 T 3C Decreasing 3/22/2004 6/8/2006 Po`ouli (honeycreeper) (Melamprosops phaeosoma) 1 10/28/1975 5/30/1984 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 4 Unknown 4/11/2006 N/A Prairie-chicken, Attwater's greater (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri) 2 3/11/1967 12/16/1983 RD(2) 11/19/2007 58 124,086,000 50 E 3 Stable 4/23/2007 N/A Rail, California clapper (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) 8 10/13/1970 11/16/1984 F 11/16/1984 69 N/A N/A E 3C Stable N/A N/A Rail, Guam (Rallus owstoni) 1 4/11/1984 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 86 N/A N/A E 2 Captivity 3/8/2007 N/A Rail, light-footed clapper (Rallus longirostris levipes) 8 10/13/1970 7/3/1979 RF(1) 6/24/1985 216 N/A N/A E 6 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Rail, Yuma clapper (Rallus longirostris yumanensis) 2 3/11/1967 2/4/1983 F 2/4/1983 34 N/A N/A E 6 Stable 2/2/2005 9/11/2006 Shearwater, Newell's Townsend's (Puffinus auricularis newelli) 1 10/28/1975 4/25/1983 F 4/25/1983 38 N/A N/A T 3 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Shrike, San Clemente loggerhead (Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi) 8 9/12/1977 1/26/1984 F 1/26/1984 54 N/A N/A E 12 Stable 2/14/2007 N/A Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) 4 3/11/1967 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 3C Decreasing 6/21/2005 N/A Sparrow, Florida grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum floridanus) 4 7/31/1986 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 3C Decreasing 4/26/2007 9/30/2008 Sparrow, San Clemente sage (Amphispiza belli clementeae) 8 9/12/1977 1/26/1984 F 1/26/1984 54 N/A N/A T 9 Stable 3/5/2008 N/A Stilt, Hawaiian (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni) 1 10/13/1970 6/19/1978 RD(2) 8/24/2005 57 N/A N/A E 9 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Stork, wood (Mycteria americana) 4 2/28/1984 9/9/1986 RF(1) 1/27/1997 35 N/A N/A E 5C Stable 9/27/2006 9/21/2007 Swiftlet, Mariana gray (Aerodramus vanikorensis bartschi) 1 8/27/1984 9/30/1991 F 9/30/1991 40 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Tern, California least (Sterna antillarum browni) 8 6/2/1970 4/2/1980 RF(1) 9/27/1985 101 N/A N/A E 18C Decreasing 7/7/2005 9/26/2006 Tern, least (Sterna antillarum) 3 5/28/1985 9/19/1990 F 9/19/1990 82 2,000,000 15 E 3C Unknown 4/22/2008 N/A Tern, roseate (Western hemisphere, except NE U.S.) (Sterna dougallii dougallii) 4 11/2/1987 9/24/1993 F 9/24/1993 18 N/A N/A T 3 Improving N/A N/A Tern, roseate (northeast U.S. nesting population) (Sterna dougallii dougallii) 5 11/2/1987 3/20/1989 RF(1) 11/5/1998 32 N/A N/A E 3 Decreasing N/A N/A Thrush, large Kauai (=kamao) (Myadestes myadestinus) 1 10/13/1970 7/29/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 5 Unknown 7/6/2005 N/A Thrush, Molokai (Myadestes lanaiensis rutha) 1 10/13/1970 5/30/1984 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 5 Unknown 7/6/2005 N/A Thrush, small Kauai (=puaiohi) (Myadestes palmeri) 1 3/11/1967 7/29/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 2 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Towhee, Inyo California (Pipilo crissalis eremophilus) 8 8/3/1987 4/10/1998 F 4/10/1998 19 N/A N/A T 15 Improving 3/22/2006 9/30/2008 *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 5 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Vireo, black-capped (Vireo atricapilla) 2 10/6/1987 9/30/1991 F 9/30/1991 31 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 2/2/2005 7/26/2007 Vireo, least Bell's (Vireo bellii pusillus) 8 5/2/1986 N/A D 5/6/1998 49 N/A N/A E 9 Stable 7/7/2005 9/26/2006 Warbler (=wood), Bachman's (Vermivora bachmanii) 4 3/11/1967 N/A E N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Presumed Extinct 7/26/2005 2/9/2007 Warbler (=wood), golden-cheeked (Dendroica chrysoparia) 2 5/4/1990 9/30/1992 F 9/30/1992 45 11,889,000 16 E 2C Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Warbler (=wood), Kirtland's (Dendroica kirtlandii) 3 3/11/1967 8/11/1978 F 8/11/1978 37 N/A N/A E 2C Improving 7/27/2007 N/A Warbler, nightingale reed (old world warbler) (Acrocephalus luscinia) 1 6/2/1970 4/10/1998 F 4/10/1998 17 4,150,000 15 E 8C Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A White-eye, bridled (Zosterops conspicillatus conspicillatus) 1 8/27/1984 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 86 N/A N/A E 6 Presumed Extinct 3/8/2007 N/A White-eye, Rota bridled (Zosterops rotensis) 1 1/22/2004 10/19/2007 F 10/19/2007 36 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Woodpecker, ivory-billed (Campephilus principalis) 4 3/11/1967 N/A D 8/22/2007 N/A N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Woodpecker, red-cockaded (Picoides borealis) 4 10/13/1970 8/24/1979 RF(2) 3/20/2003 264 N/A N/A E 8C Improving 9/12/2005 10/5/2006 Clams Acornshell, southern (Epioblasma othcaloogensis) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 5 Presumed Extinct 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Bankclimber, purple (mussel) (Elliptoideus sloatianus) 4 3/16/1998 9/30/2003 F 9/30/2003 28 N/A N/A T 11 Decreasing 9/27/2006 9/17/2007 Bean, Cumberland (pearlymussel) (Villosa trabalis) 4 6/14/1976 8/22/1984 F 8/22/1984 18 N/A N/A E 5C Stable 7/26/2005 N/A Bean, purple (Villosa perpurpurea) 5 1/10/1997 5/24/2004 F 5/24/2004 26 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/21/2006 10/24/2006 Blossom, green (pearlymussel) (Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum) 4 6/14/1976 7/9/1984 F 7/9/1984 18 N/A N/A E 6 Presumed Extinct 9/20/2005 9/21/2007 Blossom, tubercled (pearlymussel) (Epioblasma torulosa torulosa) 4 6/14/1976 1/25/1985 F 1/25/1985 4 N/A N/A E 6 Presumed Extinct 9/20/2005 N/A Blossom, turgid (pearlymussel) (Epioblasma turgidula) 4 6/14/1976 1/25/1985 F 1/25/1985 4 N/A N/A E 5 Presumed Extinct 9/20/2005 9/21/2007 Blossom, yellow (pearlymussel) (Epioblasma florentina florentina) 4 6/14/1976 1/25/1985 F 1/25/1985 4 N/A N/A E 6 Presumed Extinct 9/20/2005 9/21/2007 Catspaw (=purple cat's paw pearlymussel) (Epioblasma obliquata obliquata) 3 7/10/1990 3/10/1992 F 3/10/1992 13 N/A N/A E 6 Decreasing N/A N/A Catspaw, white (pearlymussel) (Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua) 3 6/14/1976 1/25/1990 F 1/25/1990 16 N/A N/A E 6C Decreasing 7/27/2007 N/A Clubshell (Pleurobema clava) 5 1/22/1993 9/21/1994 F 9/21/1994 25 2,722,000 25 E 5 Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Clubshell, black (Pleurobema curtum) 4 4/7/1987 11/14/1989 F 11/14/1989 7 N/A N/A E 5C Presumed Extinct 9/8/2006 N/A Clubshell, ovate (Pleurobema perovatum) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Clubshell, southern (Pleurobema decisum) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 6 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Combshell, Cumberlandian (Epioblasma brevidens) 4 1/10/1997 5/24/2004 F 5/24/2004 26 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 9/20/2005 9/19/2007 Combshell, southern (Epioblasma penita) 4 4/7/1987 11/14/1989 F 11/14/1989 7 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 9/8/2006 N/A Combshell, upland (Epioblasma metastriata) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 5 Presumed Extinct 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Elktoe, Appalachian (Alasmidonta raveneliana) 4 11/23/1994 8/26/1996 F 8/26/1996 13 422,500 N/A E 5C Decreasing 9/20/2005 N/A Elktoe, Cumberland (Alasmidonta atropurpurea) 4 1/10/1997 5/24/2004 F 5/24/2004 26 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 9/20/2005 1/24/2007 Fanshell (Cyprogenia stegaria) 4 6/21/1990 7/9/1991 F 7/9/1991 12 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Fatmucket, Arkansas (Lampsilis powellii) 4 4/5/1990 2/10/1992 F 2/10/1992 12 N/A N/A T 8 Decreasing 9/8/2006 N/A Heelsplitter, Alabama (=inflated) (Potamilus inflatus) 4 9/28/1990 4/13/1993 F 4/13/1993 8 N/A N/A T 8C Unknown 7/29/2008 N/A Heelsplitter, Carolina (Lasmigona decorata) 4 6/30/1993 1/17/1997 F 1/17/1997 14 422,500 N/A E 5C Decreasing 7/28/2006 N/A Higgins eye (pearlymussel) (Lampsilis higginsii) 3 6/14/1976 7/29/1983 RF(1) 7/14/2004 50 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing 7/19/2005 5/9/2006 Kidneyshell, triangular (Ptychobranchus greenii) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Lampmussel, Alabama (Lampsilis virescens) 4 6/14/1976 7/2/1985 F 7/2/1985 17 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Lilliput, pale (pearlymussel) (Toxolasma cylindrellus) 4 6/14/1976 8/22/1984 F 8/22/1984 18 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Mapleleaf, winged (Quadrula fragosa) 3 6/20/1991 6/25/1997 F 6/25/1997 77 N/A N/A E 2C Stable N/A N/A Moccasinshell, Alabama (Medionidus acutissimus) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Moccasinshell, Coosa (Medionidus parvulus) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Moccasinshell, Gulf (Medionidus penicillatus) 4 3/16/1998 9/30/2003 F 9/30/2003 28 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 9/17/2007 Moccasinshell, Ochlockonee (Medionidus simpsonianus) 4 3/16/1998 9/30/2003 F 9/30/2003 28 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 9/17/2007 Monkeyface, Appalachian (pearlymussel) (Quadrula sparsa) 5 6/14/1976 7/9/1984 F 7/9/1984 25 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Monkeyface, Cumberland (pearlymussel) (Quadrula intermedia) 4 6/14/1976 7/9/1984 F 7/9/1984 18 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing 9/20/2005 N/A Mucket, orangenacre (Lampsilis perovalis) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Mucket, pink (pearlymussel) (Lampsilis abrupta) 4 6/14/1976 1/24/1985 F 1/24/1985 6 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Mussel, oyster (Epioblasma capsaeformis) 4 1/10/1997 5/24/2004 F 5/24/2004 26 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 9/20/2005 N/A Mussel, scaleshell (Leptodea leptodon) 3 10/9/2001 N/A D 8/6/2004 45 38,613,000 50 E 2 Decreasing 10/4/2007 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 7 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Pearlshell, Louisiana (Margaritifera hembeli) 4 2/5/1988 12/3/1990 F 12/3/1990 6 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 9/8/2006 N/A Pearlymussel, birdwing (Conradilla caelata) 4 6/14/1976 7/9/1984 F 7/9/1984 18 N/A N/A E 4C Stable 7/28/2006 N/A Pearlymussel, cracking (Hemistena lata) 4 9/28/1989 7/11/1991 F 7/11/1991 12 N/A N/A E 4 Unknown 7/28/2006 N/A Pearlymussel, Curtis (Epioblasma florentina curtisii) 3 6/14/1976 2/4/1986 F 2/4/1986 19 N/A N/A E 6 Decreasing 9/21/2006 N/A Pearlymussel, dromedary (Dromus dromas) 4 6/14/1976 7/9/1984 F 7/9/1984 18 N/A N/A E 4C Stable 7/28/2006 N/A Pearlymussel, littlewing (Pegias fabula) 4 11/14/1988 9/22/1989 F 9/22/1989 10 N/A N/A E 4 Decreasing 7/28/2006 N/A Pigtoe, Cumberland (Pleurobema gibberum) 4 5/7/1991 8/13/1992 F 8/13/1992 14 618,500 N/A E 5 Unknown 9/21/2007 N/A Pigtoe, dark (Pleurobema furvum) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Pigtoe, finerayed (Fusconaia cuneolus) 4 6/14/1976 9/19/1984 F 9/19/1984 15 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 7/28/2006 N/A Pigtoe, flat (Pleurobema marshalli) 4 4/7/1987 11/14/1989 F 11/14/1989 7 N/A N/A E 5 Presumed Extinct 9/8/2006 N/A Pigtoe, heavy (Pleurobema taitianum) 4 4/7/1987 11/14/1989 F 11/14/1989 7 N/A N/A E 5C Unknown 9/8/2006 N/A Pigtoe, oval (Pleurobema pyriforme) 4 3/16/1998 9/30/2003 F 9/30/2003 28 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 9/17/2007 Pigtoe, rough (Pleurobema plenum) 4 6/14/1976 8/6/1984 F 8/6/1984 18 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 9/21/2007 N/A Pigtoe, shiny (Fusconaia cor) 4 6/14/1976 7/9/1984 F 7/9/1984 12 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/28/2006 N/A Pigtoe, southern (Pleurobema georgianum) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Pimpleback, orangefoot (pearlymussel) (Plethobasus cooperianus) 4 6/14/1976 9/30/1984 F 9/30/1984 18 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 9/21/2007 N/A Pocketbook, fat (Potamilus capax) 4 6/14/1976 10/4/1985 F 11/14/1989 10 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 8/2/2007 N/A Pocketbook, finelined (Lampsilis altilis) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Pocketbook, Ouachita rock (Arkansia wheeleri) 2 10/23/1991 9/27/2002 F 6/2/2004 43 N/A N/A E 4C Decreasing 4/23/2007 N/A Pocketbook, shinyrayed (Lampsilis subangulata) 4 3/16/1998 9/30/2003 F 9/30/2003 28 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 9/17/2007 Pocketbook, speckled (Lampsilis streckeri) 4 2/28/1989 1/2/1992 F 1/2/1992 12 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 7/26/2005 1/9/2007 Rabbitsfoot, rough (Quadrula cylindrica strigillata) 5 1/10/1997 5/24/2004 F 5/24/2004 26 N/A N/A E 6 Decreasing 1/16/2008 N/A Riffleshell, northern (Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) 5 1/22/1993 9/21/1994 F 9/21/1994 25 2,722,000 25 E 6 Stable 4/21/2006 N/A Riffleshell, tan (Epioblasma florentina walkeri (=E. walkeri)) 4 9/26/1977 10/22/1984 F 10/22/1984 12 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 9/21/2007 N/A Ring pink (mussel) (Obovaria retusa) 4 9/29/1989 3/25/1991 F 3/25/1991 12 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 7/28/2006 N/A Slabshell, Chipola (Elliptio chipolaensis) 4 3/16/1998 9/30/2003 F 9/30/2003 28 N/A N/A T 11 Stable 9/27/2006 9/17/2007 Spinymussel, James (Pleurobema collina) 5 7/22/1988 9/24/1990 F 9/24/1990 14 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 1/16/2008 N/A Spinymussel, Tar River (Elliptio steinstansana) 4 6/27/1985 1/16/1987 RF(1) 5/5/1992 14 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing N/A N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 8 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Stirrupshell (Quadrula stapes) 4 4/7/1987 11/14/1989 F 11/14/1989 7 N/A N/A E 5 Extinct 9/8/2006 N/A Three-ridge, fat (mussel) (Amblema neislerii) 4 3/16/1998 9/30/2003 F 9/30/2003 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 9/27/2006 9/17/2007 Wartyback, white (pearlymussel) (Plethobasus cicatricosus) 4 6/14/1976 9/19/1984 F 9/19/1984 18 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/21/2007 N/A Wedgemussel, dwarf (Alasmidonta heterodon) 5 3/14/1990 2/8/1993 F 2/8/1993 17 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 4/21/2006 7/25/2007 Conifers and Cycads Cypress, Gowen (Cupressus goveniana ssp. goveniana) 8 8/12/1998 12/20/2004 F 6/17/2005 46 N/A N/A T 8C Stable 2/14/2007 3/31/2008 Cypress, Santa Cruz (Cupressus abramsiana) 8 1/8/1987 9/26/1998 F 9/26/1998 26 51,500 5 E 14 Stable 2/14/2007 N/A Torreya, Florida (Torreya taxifolia) 4 1/23/1984 9/9/1986 F 9/9/1986 40 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Crustaceans Amphipod, Hay's Spring (Stygobromus hayi) 5 2/5/1982 N/A E N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Stable 1/29/2007 12/19/2007 Amphipod, Illinois cave (Gammarus acherondytes) 3 9/3/1998 9/20/2002 F 9/20/2002 28 8,250,000 20 E 2C Unknown 4/22/2008 N/A Amphipod, Kauai cave (Spelaeorchestia koloana) 1 1/14/2000 7/19/2006 F 7/19/2006 18 3,445,000 30 E 1C Stable 7/6/2005 9/29/2006 Amphipod, Noel's (Gammarus desperatus) 2 8/9/2005 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Stable N/A N/A Amphipod, Peck's cave (Stygobromus (=Stygonectes) pecki) 2 12/18/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2C Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Crayfish, cave (Cambarus aculabrum) 4 4/27/1993 10/30/1996 F 10/30/1996 11 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Crayfish, cave (Cambarus zophonastes) 4 4/7/1987 9/26/1988 F 9/26/1988 10 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 8/2/2007 N/A Crayfish, Nashville (Orconectes shoupi) 4 9/26/1986 8/12/1987 RF(1) 2/8/1989 11 N/A N/A E 11C Stable 9/21/2007 N/A Crayfish, Shasta (Pacifastacus fortis) 8 9/30/1988 8/28/1998 F 8/28/1998 81 4,500,000 15 E 5 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Fairy shrimp, Conservancy (Branchinecta conservatio) 8 9/19/1994 3/7/2006 F 12/15/2005 192 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 3/22/2006 9/24/2007 Fairy shrimp, longhorn (Branchinecta longiantenna) 8 9/19/1994 3/7/2006 F 12/15/2005 192 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 3/22/2006 9/28/2007 Fairy shrimp, Riverside (Streptocephalus woottoni) 8 8/3/1993 9/3/1998 F 9/3/1998 14 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing 3/22/2006 9/30/2008 Fairy shrimp, San Diego (Branchinecta sandiegonensis) 8 2/3/1997 9/3/1998 F 9/3/1998 14 N/A N/A E 2C Stable 3/22/2006 9/30/2008 Fairy shrimp, vernal pool (Branchinecta lynchi) 8 9/19/1994 3/7/2006 F 12/15/2005 192 N/A N/A T 2C Unknown 3/22/2006 9/28/2007 Isopod, Lee County cave (Lirceus usdagalun) 5 11/20/1992 9/30/1997 F 9/30/1997 21 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 1/29/2007 9/30/2008 Isopod, Madison Cave (Antrolana lira) 5 10/4/1982 9/30/1996 F 9/30/1996 10 419,000 10 T 4 Unknown N/A N/A Isopod, Socorro (Thermosphaeroma thermophilus) 2 4/26/1978 2/16/1982 F 2/16/1982 17 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 3/20/2008 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 9 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Shrimp, Alabama cave (Palaemonias alabamae) 4 9/7/1988 9/4/1997 F 9/4/1997 14 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 6/14/2005 8/29/2006 Shrimp, California freshwater (Syncaris pacifica) 8 10/31/1988 7/31/1998 F 7/31/1998 42 39,747,000 10 E 8C Unknown 3/22/2006 1/10/2008 Shrimp, Kentucky cave (Palaemonias ganteri) 4 10/12/1983 10/7/1988 F 10/7/1988 11 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/21/2007 N/A Shrimp, Squirrel Chimney Cave (Palaemonetes cummingi) 4 6/21/1990 N/A E N/A N/A N/A N/A T 5C Unknown 4/26/2007 6/28/2008 Tadpole shrimp, vernal pool (Lepidurus packardi) 8 9/19/1994 3/7/2006 F 12/15/2005 192 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 2/22/2006 9/28/2007 Ferns and Allies Diellia, asplenium-leaved (Diellia erecta) 1 11/10/1994 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 2 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Fern, Alabama streak-sorus (Thelypteris pilosa var. alabamensis) 4 7/8/1992 10/25/1996 F 10/25/1996 8 N/A N/A T 9 Stable 9/8/2006 N/A Fern, Aleutian shield (Polystichum aleuticum) 7 2/17/1988 9/30/1992 F 9/30/1992 N/A N/A N/A E 8 Stable 8/31/2005 9/26/2007 Fern, American hart's-tongue (Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum) 4 7/14/1989 9/15/1993 F 9/15/1993 16 373,200 6 T 9 Unknown 7/28/2006 N/A Fern, Elfin tree (Cyathea dryopteroides) 4 6/16/1987 1/31/1991 F 1/31/1991 19 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 N/A Fern, pendant kihi (Adenophorus periens) 1 11/10/1994 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 11 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Ihi`ihi (Marsilea villosa) 1 6/22/1992 4/18/1996 F 4/18/1996 65 N/A N/A E 8 Improving N/A N/A No common name (Adiantum vivesii) 4 6/9/1993 1/17/1995 F 1/17/1995 19 N/A N/A E 17 Stable 9/12/2005 6/10/2008 No common name (Asplenium fragile var. insulare) 1 9/26/1994 4/10/1998 F 4/10/1998 23 4,742,000 15 E 6 Decreasing N/A N/A No common name (Diellia falcata) 1 10/29/1991 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing N/A N/A No common name (Diellia pallida) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 No common name (Diellia unisora) 1 6/27/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 11 Decreasing N/A N/A No common name (Diplazium molokaiense) 1 9/26/1994 4/10/1998 F 4/10/1998 23 4,742,000 15 E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A No common name (Elaphoglossum serpens) 4 6/9/1993 1/17/1995 F 1/17/1995 19 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 N/A No common name (Polystichum calderonense) 4 6/9/1993 1/17/1995 F 1/17/1995 19 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 N/A No common name (Pteris lidgatei) 1 9/26/1994 4/10/1998 F 4/10/1998 23 4,742,000 15 E 5 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A No common name (Tectaria estremerana) 4 6/9/1993 1/17/1995 F 1/17/1995 19 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 9/27/2006 N/A No common name (Thelypteris inabonensis) 4 7/2/1993 1/17/1995 F 1/17/1995 19 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 N/A No common name (Thelypteris verecunda) 4 7/2/1993 1/17/1995 F 1/17/1995 19 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 N/A No common name (Thelypteris yaucoensis) 4 7/2/1993 1/17/1995 F 1/17/1995 19 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 N/A Pauoa (Ctenitis squamigera) 1 9/26/1994 4/10/1998 F 4/10/1998 23 4,742,000 15 E 5 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 10 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Quillwort, black spored (Isoetes melanospora) 4 2/5/1988 7/7/1993 F 7/7/1993 10 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 7/26/2005 9/30/2008 Quillwort, Louisiana (Isoetes louisianensis) 4 10/28/1992 9/30/1996 F 9/30/1996 10 N/A N/A E 14 Stable N/A N/A Quillwort, mat-forming (Isoetes tegetiformans) 4 2/5/1988 7/7/1993 F 7/7/1993 10 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 7/26/2005 9/30/2008 Wawae`iole (Huperzia mannii) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 2 Stable N/A N/A Wawae`iole (Lycopodium (=Phlegmariurus) nutans) 1 3/28/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Fishes Catfish, Yaqui (Ictalurus pricei) 2 8/31/1984 3/29/1995 F 3/29/1995 33 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Cavefish, Alabama (Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni) 4 10/11/1977 9/16/1982 RF(2) 10/25/1990 16 N/A N/A E 1 Stable 9/8/2006 N/A Cavefish, Ozark (Amblyopsis rosae) 4 11/1/1984 12/17/1986 F 12/17/1986 10 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 9/8/2006 N/A Chub, bonytail (Gila elegans) 6 4/23/1980 5/16/1984 RF(2) 8/1/2002 54 N/A N/A E 5C Improving 4/18/2007 N/A Chub, Borax Lake (Gila boraxobius) 1 5/28/1980 2/4/1987 F 2/4/1987 21 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 4/11/2006 N/A Chub, Chihuahua (Gila nigrescens) 2 10/11/1983 4/14/1986 F 4/14/1986 12 N/A N/A T 2 Stable 9/21/2007 N/A Chub, Gila (Gila intermedia) 2 11/2/2005 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2C Stable N/A N/A Chub, humpback (Gila cypha) 6 3/11/1967 8/22/1979 RF(2) 9/19/1990 36 N/A N/A E 2C Stable 4/18/2007 N/A Chub, Hutton tui (Gila bicolor ssp.) 1 3/28/1985 4/27/1998 F 4/27/1998 30 4,200,000 10 T 15 Stable 4/11/2006 2/12/2008 Chub, Mohave tui (Gila bicolor mohavensis) 8 10/13/1970 9/12/1984 F 9/12/1984 49 N/A N/A E 6 Stable 3/5/2008 N/A Chub, Oregon (Oregonichthys crameri) 1 10/18/1993 9/3/1998 F 9/3/1998 77 N/A N/A E 8 Improving 3/8/2007 2/11/2008 Chub, Owens tui (Gila bicolor snyderi) 8 8/5/1985 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 100 N/A N/A E 9 Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Chub, Pahranagat roundtail (Gila robusta jordani) 8 10/13/1970 5/26/1998 F 5/26/1998 12 N/A N/A E 3C Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Chub, slender (Erimystax cahni) 4 10/11/1977 7/29/1983 F 7/29/1983 16 N/A N/A T 5 Unknown 7/29/2008 N/A Chub, Sonora (Gila ditaenia) 2 4/30/1986 9/30/1992 F 9/30/1992 22 N/A N/A T 2C Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Chub, spotfin (Erimonax monachus) 4 10/11/1977 11/21/1983 F 11/21/1983 16 N/A N/A T 11 Improving N/A N/A Chub, Virgin River (Gila seminuda (=robusta)) 6 8/24/1989 7/9/1979 RF(2) 4/19/1995 40 N/A N/A E 2C Decreasing 4/7/2006 3/28/2008 Chub, Yaqui (Gila purpurea) 2 8/31/1984 3/29/1995 F 3/29/1995 33 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Cui-ui (Chasmistes cujus) 8 3/11/1967 1/23/1978 RF(2) 5/15/1992 44 13,959,000 25 E 14 Stable N/A N/A Dace, Ash Meadows speckled (Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis) 8 5/10/1982 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A E 9 Stable N/A N/A Dace, blackside (Phoxinus cumberlandensis) 4 6/12/1987 8/17/1988 F 8/17/1988 11 N/A N/A T 11 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Dace, Clover Valley speckled (Rhinichthys osculus oligoporus) 8 10/10/1989 5/12/1998 F 5/12/1998 11 N/A N/A E 9C Unknown 2/14/2007 N/A Dace, desert (Eremichthys acros) 8 3/11/1967 5/27/1997 F 5/27/1997 6 N/A N/A T 7C Stable 3/22/2006 N/A Dace, Foskett speckled (Rhinichthys osculus ssp.) 1 3/28/1985 4/27/1998 F 4/27/1998 30 4,200,000 10 T 15 Stable 4/11/2006 N/A Dace, Independence Valley speckled (Rhinichthys osculus lethoporus) 8 10/10/1989 5/12/1998 F 5/12/1998 11 N/A N/A E 9C Unknown 2/14/2007 7/10/2008 *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 11 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Dace, Kendall Warm Springs (Rhinichthys osculus thermalis) 6 10/13/1970 7/12/1982 F 7/12/1982 22 N/A N/A E 12C Decreasing 9/20/2006 10/10/2007 Dace, Moapa (Moapa coriacea) 8 3/11/1967 2/14/1983 RF(1) 5/16/1996 6 N/A N/A E 1 Decreasing N/A N/A Darter, amber (Percina antesella) 4 8/5/1985 6/20/1986 F 6/20/1986 11 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Darter, bayou (Etheostoma rubrum) 4 10/28/1975 9/8/1983 RF(1) 7/10/1990 23 226,420 20 T 8C Stable 9/8/2006 N/A Darter, bluemask (=jewel) (Etheostoma sp.) 4 12/27/1993 7/25/1997 F 7/25/1997 11 N/A N/A E 5 Stable N/A N/A Darter, boulder (Etheostoma wapiti) 4 9/1/1988 7/27/1989 F 7/27/1989 10 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/21/2007 N/A Darter, Cherokee (Etheostoma scotti) 4 12/20/1994 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A T 2C Unknown N/A N/A Darter, duskytail (Etheostoma percnurum) 4 4/27/1993 3/30/1994 F 3/30/1994 11 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 7/28/2006 N/A Darter, Etowah (Etheostoma etowahae) 4 12/20/1994 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Darter, fountain (Etheostoma fonticola) 2 10/13/1970 4/8/1985 RF(1) 2/14/1996 36 N/A N/A E 2C Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Darter, goldline (Percina aurolineata) 4 4/22/1992 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 8/2/2007 N/A Darter, leopard (Percina pantherina) 2 2/27/1978 9/20/1984 RD(1) 5/3/1993 17 N/A N/A T 11C Stable 4/21/2006 N/A Darter, Maryland (Etheostoma sellare) 5 3/11/1967 2/2/1982 F 2/2/1982 28 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 1/29/2007 10/5/2007 Darter, Niangua (Etheostoma nianguae) 3 6/12/1985 7/17/1989 F 7/17/1989 11 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 10/4/2007 N/A Darter, Okaloosa (Etheostoma okaloosae) 4 6/4/1973 10/23/1981 RF(1) 10/26/1998 29 N/A N/A E 11 Stable 6/21/2005 7/2/2007 Darter, relict (Etheostoma chienense) 4 12/27/1993 N/A D 7/31/1994 11 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 9/21/2007 N/A Darter, slackwater (Etheostoma boschungi) 4 10/11/1977 3/8/1984 F 3/8/1984 12 N/A N/A T 8 Decreasing 8/10/2005 6/24/2008 Darter, snail (Percina tanasi) 4 11/10/1975 5/5/1983 F 5/5/1983 17 N/A N/A T 11 Stable 7/28/2006 N/A Darter, vermilion (Etheostoma chermocki) 4 11/28/2001 8/6/2007 F 8/6/2007 17 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Darter, watercress (Etheostoma nuchale) 4 10/13/1970 6/25/1980 RF(2) 3/29/1993 12 N/A N/A E 2 Improving 6/14/2005 N/A Gambusia, Big Bend (Gambusia gaigei) 2 3/11/1967 9/19/1984 F 9/19/1984 16 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Gambusia, Clear Creek (Gambusia heterochir) 2 3/11/1967 1/14/1982 F 1/14/1982 33 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Gambusia, Pecos (Gambusia nobilis) 2 10/13/1970 5/9/1985 F 5/9/1985 20 N/A N/A E 2 Stable N/A N/A Gambusia, San Marcos (Gambusia georgei) 2 7/14/1980 4/8/1985 RF(1) 2/14/1996 36 N/A N/A E 2C Presumed Extinct 3/20/2008 N/A Goby, tidewater (Eucyclogobius newberryi) 8 2/4/1994 1/23/2006 F 12/7/2005 34 N/A N/A E 7C Stable 3/22/2006 9/28/2007 Logperch, Conasauga (Percina jenkinsi) 4 8/5/1985 6/20/1986 F 6/20/1986 11 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 7/26/2005 N/A Logperch, Roanoke (Percina rex) 5 8/18/1989 3/20/1992 F 3/20/1992 13 N/A N/A E 5C Improving 6/1/2006 9/19/2007 Madtom, Neosho (Noturus placidus) 6 5/22/1990 9/30/1991 F 9/30/1991 35 412,000 5 T 8C Unknown N/A N/A Madtom, pygmy (Noturus stanauli) 4 4/27/1993 9/27/1994 F 9/27/1994 11 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Madtom, Scioto (Noturus trautmani) 3 10/28/1975 N/A E N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Presumed Extinct N/A N/A Madtom, smoky (Noturus baileyi) 4 10/26/1984 8/9/1985 F 8/9/1985 11 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 7/28/2006 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 12 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Madtom, yellowfin (Noturus flavipinnis) 4 10/11/1977 6/23/1983 F 6/23/1983 16 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 7/28/2006 N/A Minnow, Devils River (Dionda diaboli) 2 10/20/1999 9/13/2005 F 9/13/2005 38 2,920,000 9 T 2 Stable 4/23/2007 9/11/2008 Minnow, loach (Tiaroga cobitis) 2 10/28/1986 9/30/1991 F 9/30/1991 33 N/A N/A T 4C Decreasing 4/23/2007 N/A Minnow, Rio Grande silvery (Hybognathus amarus) 2 7/20/1994 7/8/1999 RD(1) 1/18/2007 69 114,125,000 30 E 2C Improving N/A N/A Pikeminnow (=squawfish), Colorado (Ptychocheilus lucius) 6 3/11/1967 3/16/1978 RF(2) 8/28/2002 33 N/A N/A E 8C Stable 4/18/2007 N/A Poolfish, Pahrump (Empetrichthys latos) 8 3/11/1967 3/17/1980 F 3/17/1980 58 N/A N/A E 11 Decreasing 3/22/2006 N/A Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa (Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes) 8 5/10/1982 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A E 15 Stable 3/22/2006 N/A Pupfish, Comanche Springs (Cyprinodon elegans) 2 3/11/1967 9/2/1981 F 9/2/1981 19 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Pupfish, desert (Cyprinodon macularius) 2 3/31/1986 12/8/1993 F 12/8/1993 11 N/A N/A E 2C Improving 4/21/2006 N/A Pupfish, Devils Hole (Cyprinodon diabolis) 8 3/11/1967 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A E 5 Stable N/A N/A Pupfish, Leon Springs (Cyprinodon bovinus) 2 8/15/1980 8/14/1985 F 8/14/1985 19 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Pupfish, Owens (Cyprinodon radiosus) 8 3/11/1967 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 100 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Pupfish, Warm Springs (Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis) 8 10/13/1970 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A E 9 Stable N/A N/A Salmon, Atlantic (Salmo salar) 5 11/17/2000 12/20/2005 F 4/7/2006 160 N/A N/A E 6C Decreasing N/A N/A Sculpin, pygmy (Cottus paulus (=pygmaeus)) 4 9/28/1989 8/6/1991 F 8/6/1991 10 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 6/14/2005 7/28/2008 Shiner, Arkansas River (Notropis girardi) 2 11/23/1998 N/A D 9/12/2008 13 N/A N/A T 5C Decreasing N/A N/A Shiner, beautiful (Cyprinella formosa) 2 8/31/1984 3/29/1995 F 3/29/1995 33 N/A N/A T 2 Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Shiner, blue (Cyprinella caerulea) 4 4/22/1992 8/30/1995 F 8/30/1995 11 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 8/2/2007 N/A Shiner, Cahaba (Notropis cahabae) 4 10/25/1990 4/23/1992 F 4/23/1992 4 N/A N/A E 2 Improving N/A N/A Shiner, Cape Fear (Notropis mekistocholas) 4 9/25/1987 10/7/1988 F 10/7/1988 10 N/A N/A E 5 Stable N/A N/A Shiner, palezone (Notropis albizonatus) 4 4/27/1993 7/7/1997 F 7/7/1997 11 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Shiner, Pecos bluntnose (Notropis simus pecosensis) 2 2/20/1987 9/30/1992 F 9/30/1992 23 N/A N/A T 3 Improving 4/21/2006 N/A Shiner, Topeka (Notropis topeka (=tristis)) 6 12/15/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 8C Stable 12/8/2004 N/A Silverside, Waccamaw (Menidia extensa) 4 4/8/1987 8/11/1993 F 8/11/1993 13 N/A N/A T 8 Stable N/A N/A Smelt, delta (Hypomesus transpacificus) 8 3/5/1993 11/26/1996 F 11/26/1996 74 N/A N/A T 2C Stable 8/1/2003 3/31/2004 Spikedace (Meda fulgida) 2 7/1/1986 9/30/1991 F 9/30/1991 34 N/A N/A T 4C Decreasing 4/23/2007 N/A Spinedace, Big Spring (Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis) 8 3/28/1985 1/20/1994 F 1/20/1994 26 196,000 13 T 3 Unknown N/A N/A Spinedace, Little Colorado (Lepidomeda vittata) 2 3/11/1967 1/9/1998 F 1/9/1998 46 2,405,000 10 T 5C Decreasing 1/11/2006 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 13 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Spinedace, White River (Lepidomeda albivallis) 8 9/12/1985 3/28/1994 F 3/28/1994 19 N/A N/A E 2C Stable 3/22/2006 N/A Springfish, Hiko White River (Crenichthys baileyi grandis) 8 9/27/1985 5/26/1998 F 5/26/1998 12 N/A N/A E 3C Unknown 2/14/2007 N/A Springfish, Railroad Valley (Crenichthys nevadae) 8 3/31/1986 3/15/1997 F 3/15/1997 12 570,000 7 T 2C Stable 2/14/2007 N/A Springfish, White River (Crenichthys baileyi baileyi) 8 9/27/1985 5/26/1998 F 5/26/1998 12 N/A N/A E 3C Stable 2/14/2007 N/A Stickleback, unarmored threespine (Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni) 8 10/13/1970 12/27/1977 RF(1) 12/26/1985 39 N/A N/A E 3 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Sturgeon, Alabama (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi) 4 5/5/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Sturgeon, gulf (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) 4 9/30/1991 9/22/1995 F 9/22/1995 37 N/A N/A T 12 Stable 4/16/2008 N/A Sturgeon, pallid (Scaphirhynchus albus) 6 9/6/1990 11/7/1993 F 11/7/1993 61 N/A N/A E 2C Improving 7/7/2005 6/13/2007 Sturgeon, white (Acipenser transmontanus) 1 9/6/1994 9/30/1999 F 9/30/1999 54 N/A N/A E 3C Decreasing N/A N/A Sucker, June (Chasmistes liorus) 6 3/31/1986 6/25/1999 F 6/25/1999 58 50,000,000 40 E 5C Improving N/A N/A Sucker, Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) 8 7/18/1988 3/17/1993 F 3/17/1993 85 N/A N/A E 4C Improving 7/21/2004 7/19/2007 Sucker, Modoc (Catostomus microps) 8 6/11/1985 N/A E N/A 35 N/A N/A E 14 Unknown 3/22/2006 N/A Sucker, razorback (Xyrauchen texanus) 6 10/23/1991 12/23/1998 RF(1) 8/28/2002 55 N/A N/A E 1C Improving 4/18/2007 N/A Sucker, Santa Ana (Catostomus santaanae) 8 4/12/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 5C Unknown N/A N/A Sucker, shortnose (Chasmistes brevirostris) 8 7/18/1988 3/17/1993 F 3/17/1993 85 N/A N/A E 4C Decreasing 7/21/2004 7/19/2007 Sucker, Warner (Catostomus warnerensis) 1 9/27/1985 4/27/1998 F 4/27/1998 30 4,200,000 10 T 2C Unknown 4/11/2006 N/A Topminnow, Gila (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) 2 3/11/1967 3/15/1984 RD(1) 3/5/1999 N/A 3,397,000 20 E 3C Improving 4/23/2007 N/A Trout, Apache (Oncorhynchus apache) 2 3/11/1967 8/20/1979 RD(2) 7/27/2007 11 N/A N/A T 14C Improving 4/21/2006 N/A Trout, bull (Salvelinus confluentus) 1 6/10/1998 N/A D 7/1/2004 1670 N/A N/A T 9C Stable 4/13/2004 4/25/2008 Trout, Gila (Oncorhynchus gilae) 2 3/11/1967 1/12/1979 RF(3) 9/10/2003 14 2,839,000 13 T 8 Stable N/A N/A Trout, greenback cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarki stomias) 6 3/11/1967 11/11/1977 RF(2) 3/1/1998 37 634,000 5 T 15 Stable 12/14/2005 N/A Trout, Lahontan cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) 8 10/13/1970 1/30/1995 F 1/30/1995 117 N/A N/A T 3C Decreasing 7/1/2007 N/A Trout, Little Kern golden (Oncorhynchus aguabonita whitei) 8 5/15/1978 N/A E N/A N/A N/A N/A T 9 Stable N/A N/A Trout, Paiute cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris) 8 3/11/1967 1/25/1985 RF(1) 9/10/2004 42 N/A N/A T 9 Stable 3/22/2006 7/10/2008 Woundfin (Plagopterus argentissimus) 6 10/13/1970 7/9/1979 RF(2) 4/19/1995 40 N/A N/A E 1C Decreasing 4/7/2006 3/28/2008 Flowering Plants `Ahinahina (Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. macrocephalum) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A T 9 Decreasing N/A N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 14 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS `Ahinahina (Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. sandwicense) 1 3/21/1986 9/30/1993 F 9/30/1993 31 N/A N/A E 6 Stable N/A N/A `Aiakeakua, popolo (Solanum sandwicense) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A `Aiea (Nothocestrum breviflorum) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Stable N/A N/A `Aiea (Nothocestrum peltatum) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A `Akoko (Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana) 1 10/29/1991 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 9 Stable 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 `Akoko (Chamaesyce deppeana) 1 3/28/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 `Akoko (Chamaesyce herbstii) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 `Akoko (Chamaesyce kuwaleana) 1 10/29/1991 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing N/A N/A `Akoko (Chamaesyce rockii) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing N/A N/A `Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana) 1 10/10/1996 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A `Akoko, Ewa Plains (Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. kalaeloana) 1 8/24/1982 N/A D 10/5/1993 50 N/A N/A E 6 Stable 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 `Anaunau (Lepidium arbuscula) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A `Anunu (Sicyos alba) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A `Awikiwiki (Canavalia molokaiensis) 1 10/8/1992 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 29 24,784,000 21 E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A `Oha wai (Clermontia drepanomorpha) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A `Oha wai (Clermontia lindseyana) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A `Oha wai (Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes) 1 10/8/1992 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 29 24,784,000 21 E 6 Decreasing N/A N/A `Oha wai (Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. mauiensis) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 6 Decreasing N/A N/A `Oha wai (Clermontia peleana) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 `Oha wai (Clermontia pyrularia) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 `Oha wai (Clermontia samuelii) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A `Ohe`ohe (Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa) 1 3/28/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A A`e (Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 6 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A A`e (Zanthoxylum hawaiiense) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Alani (Melicope adscendens) 1 12/5/1994 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Alani (Melicope balloui) 1 12/5/1994 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Alani (Melicope haupuensis) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Alani (Melicope knudsenii) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Alani (Melicope lydgatei) 1 3/28/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Alani (Melicope mucronulata) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Alani (Melicope munroi) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Alani (Melicope ovalis) 1 12/5/1994 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Alani (Melicope pallida) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Alani (Melicope quadrangularis) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Alani (Melicope reflexa) 1 10/8/1992 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 29 24,784,000 21 E 8 Decreasing N/A N/A Alani (Melicope saint-johnii) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing N/A N/A Alani (Melicope zahlbruckneri) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 15 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Allocarya, Calistoga (Plagiobothrys strictus) 8 10/22/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Alopecurus, Sonoma (Alopecurus aequalis var. sonomensis) 8 10/22/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 9 Unknown N/A N/A Amaranth, seabeach (Amaranthus pumilus) 4 4/7/1993 11/12/1996 F 11/12/1996 11 N/A N/A T 8C Decreasing 9/20/2005 7/19/2007 Ambrosia, San Diego (Ambrosia pumila) 8 7/2/2002 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Ambrosia, south Texas (Ambrosia cheiranthifolia) 2 8/24/1994 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 8 Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Amole, purple (Chlorogalum purpureum) 8 3/20/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 8 Stable 2/14/2007 9/30/2008 Amphianthus, little (Amphianthus pusillus) 4 2/5/1988 7/7/1993 F 7/7/1993 10 N/A N/A T 13 Decreasing 7/26/2005 9/30/2008 Arrowhead, bunched (Sagittaria fasciculata) 4 8/31/1979 9/8/1983 F 9/8/1983 13 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown N/A N/A Aster, decurrent false (Boltonia decurrens) 3 11/14/1988 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 29 58,100 7 T 8 Decreasing 3/30/2006 N/A Aster, Florida golden (Chrysopsis floridana) 4 5/16/1986 8/29/1988 F 8/29/1988 13 N/A N/A E 5 Improving 4/16/2008 N/A Aster, Ruth's golden (Pityopsis ruthii) 4 7/18/1985 6/11/1992 F 6/11/1992 18 162,500 6 E 5C Stable 7/28/2006 N/A Aupaka (Isodendrion hosakae) 1 1/14/1991 5/23/1994 F 5/23/1994 38 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium) 1 10/10/1996 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 8 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium) 1 10/10/1996 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 T 8 Decreasing N/A N/A Avens, spreading (Geum radiatum) 4 4/5/1990 4/28/1993 F 4/28/1993 16 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides) 1 10/29/1991 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 2 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Awiwi (Hedyotis cookiana) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Ayenia, Texas (Ayenia limitaris) 2 8/24/1994 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/20/2008 N/A Baccharis, Encinitas (Baccharis vanessae) 8 10/7/1996 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 5C Decreasing N/A N/A Barberry, island (Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 E 6 Decreasing 2/14/2007 7/10/2008 Barberry, Nevin's (Berberis nevinii) 8 10/13/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Bariaco (Trichilia triacantha) 4 2/5/1988 8/20/1991 F 8/20/1991 21 N/A N/A E 11 Stable N/A N/A Beaked-rush, Knieskern's (Rhynchospora knieskernii) 5 7/18/1991 9/29/1993 F 9/29/1993 15 78,000 4 T 14 Unknown 1/29/2007 8/27/2008 Beardtongue, Penland (Penstemon penlandii) 6 7/13/1989 9/30/1992 F 9/30/1992 13 N/A N/A E 14 Stable N/A N/A Beargrass, Britton's (Nolina brittoniana) 4 4/27/1993 6/20/1996 RF(1) 6/20/1996 35 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown N/A N/A Bear-poppy, dwarf (Arctomecon humilis) 6 12/6/1979 12/31/1985 F 12/31/1985 22 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing N/A N/A Beauty, Harper's (Harperocallis flava) 4 11/1/1979 9/14/1983 F 9/14/1983 24 N/A N/A E 7 Stable 4/16/2008 N/A Bedstraw, El Dorado (Galium californicum ssp. sierrae) 8 10/18/1996 8/30/2002 F 8/30/2002 52 N/A N/A E 6C Stable N/A N/A Bedstraw, island (Galium buxifolium) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 E 2 Stable N/A N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 16 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Bellflower, Brooksville (Campanula robinsiae) 4 7/27/1989 6/20/1994 F 6/20/1994 23 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing N/A N/A Birch, Virginia round-leaf (Betula uber) 5 5/27/1978 3/3/1982 RF(2) 9/24/1990 10 321,500 10 T 14 Stable 7/1/2005 10/4/2006 Bird's beak, palmate-bracted (Cordylanthus palmatus) 8 7/1/1986 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 223 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 2/14/2007 N/A Bird's-beak, Pennell's (Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris) 8 2/3/1995 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 180 N/A N/A E 6 Unknown N/A N/A Bird's-beak, salt marsh (Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. maritimus) 8 10/29/1978 12/6/1985 F 12/6/1985 78 N/A N/A E 6 Unknown 2/14/2007 N/A Bird's-beak, soft (Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis) 8 11/20/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 9C Unknown 2/14/2007 N/A Birds-in-a-nest, white (Macbridea alba) 4 5/8/1992 6/22/1994 F 6/22/1994 16 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 4/16/2008 N/A Bittercress, small-anthered (Cardamine micranthera) 4 9/21/1989 7/10/1991 F 7/10/1991 16 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 7/29/2008 N/A Bladderpod, Dudley Bluffs (Lesquerella congesta) 6 2/6/1990 8/13/1993 F 8/13/1993 13 N/A N/A T 2C Stable 9/20/2006 6/20/2008 Bladderpod, kodachrome (Lesquerella tumulosa) 6 10/6/1993 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 11 Unknown N/A N/A Bladderpod, lyrate (Lesquerella lyrata) 4 9/28/1990 10/17/1996 F 10/17/1996 10 N/A N/A T 8 Decreasing 8/2/2007 N/A Bladderpod, Missouri (Lesquerella filiformis) 3 1/8/1987 4/7/1988 F 4/7/1988 8 N/A N/A T 8 Improving 7/19/2005 1/14/2008 Bladderpod, San Bernardino Mountains (Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina) 8 8/24/1994 N/A D 9/30/1997 22 N/A N/A E 9 Stable 3/5/2008 N/A Bladderpod, Spring Creek (Lesquerella perforata) 4 12/23/1996 9/6/2006 F 9/6/2006 15 6,407,500 20 E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Bladderpod, white (Lesquerella pallida) 2 3/11/1987 10/16/1992 F 10/16/1992 18 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Bladderpod, Zapata (Lesquerella thamnophila) 2 11/22/1999 8/25/2004 F 8/25/2004 21 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing N/A N/A Blazingstar, Ash Meadows (Mentzelia leucophylla) 8 5/20/1985 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown N/A N/A Blazingstar, Heller's (Liatris helleri) 4 11/19/1987 5/1/1989 RF(1) 1/28/2000 18 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown N/A N/A Blazingstar, scrub (Liatris ohlingerae) 4 7/27/1989 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Bluecurls, Hidden Lake (Trichostema austromontanum ssp. compactum) 8 9/14/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 15 Stable 7/7/2005 7/28/2006 Bluegrass, Hawaiian (Poa sandvicensis) 1 5/13/1992 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Bluegrass, Mann's (Poa mannii) 1 11/10/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Bluegrass, Napa (Poa napensis) 8 10/22/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Bluegrass, San Bernardino (Poa atropurpurea) 8 9/14/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2 Unknown 2/14/2007 9/30/2008 Blue-star, Kearney's (Amsonia kearneyana) 2 1/19/1989 5/24/1993 F 5/24/1993 22 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown 3/20/2008 N/A Bluet, Roan Mountain (Hedyotis purpurea var. montana) 4 4/5/1990 5/13/1996 F 5/13/1996 32 N/A N/A E 6 Unknown 7/29/2008 N/A Bonamia, Florida (Bonamia grandiflora) 4 11/2/1987 1/29/1990 RF(1) 6/20/1996 35 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 4/26/2007 8/28/2008 Boxwood, Vahl's (Buxus vahlii) 4 8/13/1985 4/28/1987 F 4/28/1987 21 N/A N/A E 11 Stable N/A N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 17 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Brodiaea, Chinese Camp (Brodiaea pallida) 8 9/14/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 2C Stable 7/7/2005 1/10/2008 Brodiaea, thread-leaved (Brodiaea filifolia) 8 10/13/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 2 Decreasing 3/22/2006 N/A Broom, San Clemente Island (Lotus dendroideus ssp. traskiae) 8 9/12/1977 1/26/1984 F 1/26/1984 54 N/A N/A E 15 Stable 7/7/2005 9/24/2007 Buckwheat, cushenbury (Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum) 8 8/24/1994 N/A D 9/30/1997 22 N/A N/A E 3C Unknown N/A N/A Buckwheat, Ione (incl. Irish Hill) (Eriogonum apricum (incl. var. prostratum)) 8 5/26/1999 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Buckwheat, scrub (Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium) 4 4/27/1993 6/20/1996 RF(1) 6/20/1996 35 N/A N/A T 15 Unknown 4/26/2007 7/23/2008 Buckwheat, steamboat (Eriogonum ovalifolium var. williamsiae) 8 7/8/1986 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 15 N/A N/A E 6C Stable 3/22/2006 N/A Bulrush, Northeastern (Scirpus ancistrochaetus) 5 5/7/1991 8/25/1993 F 8/25/1993 35 N/A N/A E 14 Stable 7/6/2005 N/A Bush-clover, prairie (Lespedeza leptostachya) 3 1/9/1987 10/6/1988 F 10/6/1988 13 N/A N/A T 8 Stable N/A N/A Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island (Malacothamnus clementinus) 8 9/12/1977 1/26/1984 F 1/26/1984 54 N/A N/A E 14 Stable 7/7/2005 9/28/2007 Bush-mallow, Santa Cruz Island (Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. nesioticus) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 E 3 Stable 3/22/2006 9/25/2007 Buttercup, autumn (Ranunculus aestivalis (=acriformis)) 6 7/21/1989 9/16/1991 F 9/16/1991 22 N/A N/A E 5 Improving N/A N/A Butterfly plant, Colorado (Gaura neomexicana var. coloradensis) 6 10/18/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 15 Stable N/A N/A Butterweed, Layne's (Senecio layneae) 8 10/18/1996 8/30/2002 F 8/30/2002 52 N/A N/A T 5C Stable N/A N/A Butterwort, Godfrey's (Pinguicula ionantha) 4 7/12/1993 6/22/1994 F 6/22/1994 16 N/A N/A T 14 Unknown 4/16/2008 N/A Button, Mohr's Barbara (Marshallia mohrii) 4 9/7/1988 11/26/1991 F 11/26/1991 12 N/A N/A T 14 Stable N/A N/A Button-celery, San Diego (Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii) 8 8/3/1993 9/3/1998 F 9/3/1998 14 N/A N/A E 3C Unknown N/A N/A Cactus, Arizona hedgehog (Echinocereus triglochidiatus) 2 11/26/1979 N/A D 9/30/1984 N/A N/A N/A E 3 Unknown 3/20/2008 N/A Cactus, Bakersfield (Opuntia treleasei) 8 7/19/1990 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 223 N/A N/A E 3C Decreasing 3/22/2006 N/A Cactus, black lace (Echinocereus reichenbachii var. albertii) 2 11/28/1979 3/18/1987 F 3/18/1987 20 N/A N/A E 3 Unknown 4/21/2006 N/A Cactus, Brady pincushion (Pediocactus bradyi) 2 11/26/1979 3/28/1985 F 3/28/1985 18 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 3/20/2008 N/A Cactus, Chisos Mountain hedgehog (Echinocereus chisoensis var. chisoensis) 2 9/30/1988 12/8/1993 F 12/8/1993 40 791,900 16 T 9 Stable N/A N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 18 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Cactus, Cochise pincushion (Coryphantha robbinsorum) 2 1/9/1986 9/27/1993 F 9/27/1993 23 276,000 10 T 8 Unknown 4/21/2006 3/20/2007 Cactus, Key tree (Pilosocereus robinii) 4 7/19/1984 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing N/A N/A Cactus, Knowlton (Pediocactus knowltonii) 2 11/28/1979 3/29/1985 F 3/29/1985 15 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 4/23/2007 N/A Cactus, Kuenzler hedgehog (Echinocereus fendleri var. kuenzleri) 2 11/28/1979 3/28/1985 F 3/28/1985 15 N/A N/A E 12C Stable 4/1/2004 6/7/2005 Cactus, Lee pincushion (Coryphantha sneedii var. leei) 2 11/26/1979 3/21/1986 F 3/21/1986 20 N/A N/A T 3 Stable N/A N/A Cactus, Lloyd's Mariposa (Echinomastus mariposensis) 2 12/6/1979 4/13/1990 F 4/13/1990 27 N/A N/A T 2 Stable N/A N/A Cactus, Mesa Verde (Sclerocactus mesae-verdae) 2 11/29/1979 3/30/1984 F 3/30/1984 12 N/A N/A T 8C Decreasing 2/2/2005 N/A Cactus, Nellie cory (Coryphantha minima) 2 12/8/1979 9/20/1984 F 9/20/1984 10 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Cactus, Nichol's Turk's head (Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii) 2 11/28/1979 4/14/1986 F 4/14/1986 19 N/A N/A E 3 Stable 4/23/2007 N/A Cactus, Peebles Navajo (Pediocactus peeblesianus peeblesianus) 2 11/28/1979 3/30/1984 F 3/30/1984 18 N/A N/A E 6 Unknown 4/21/2006 8/28/2008 Cactus, Pima pineapple (Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina) 2 9/23/1993 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 3 Unknown 2/2/2005 2/8/2007 Cactus, San Rafael (Pediocactus despainii) 6 9/16/1987 N/A D 10/2/1995 N/A N/A N/A E 11 Decreasing N/A N/A Cactus, Siler pincushion (Pediocactus (=Echinocactus,=Utahia) sileri) 2 11/26/1979 4/14/1986 F 4/14/1986 15 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 4/21/2006 N/A Cactus, Sneed pincushion (Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii) 2 12/7/1979 3/21/1986 F 3/21/1986 20 N/A N/A E 9 Stable N/A N/A Cactus, star (Astrophytum asterias) 2 10/18/1993 11/6/2003 F 11/6/2003 21 N/A N/A E 2C Decreasing N/A N/A Cactus, Tobusch fishhook (Ancistrocactus tobuschii) 2 12/8/1979 3/18/1987 F 3/18/1987 26 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 3/20/2008 N/A Cactus, Uinta Basin hookless (Sclerocactus glaucus) 6 11/13/1979 9/27/1990 F 9/27/1990 17 103,000 10 T 8C Unknown 12/14/2006 3/28/2008 Cactus, Winkler (Pediocactus winkleri) 6 8/20/1998 N/A D 10/2/1995 N/A N/A N/A T 11C Decreasing N/A N/A Cactus, Wright fishhook (Sclerocactus wrightiae) 6 10/11/1979 12/24/1985 F 12/24/1985 18 N/A N/A E 11 Decreasing 8/3/2005 8/25/2008 Campion, fringed (Silene polypetala) 4 1/18/1991 N/A D 10/1/1996 21 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 6/21/2005 N/A Capa rosa (Callicarpa ampla) 4 4/22/1992 7/31/1995 F 7/31/1995 20 N/A N/A E 11 Unknown N/A N/A Catchfly, Spalding's (Silene spaldingii) 1 10/10/2001 10/12/2007 F 10/12/2007 71 N/A N/A T 8C Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Cat's-eye, Terlingua Creek (Cryptantha crassipes) 2 9/30/1991 4/5/1994 F 4/5/1994 39 1,161,750 30 E 5C Decreasing 3/20/2008 N/A Ceanothus, coyote (Ceanothus ferrisae) 8 2/3/1995 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 180 N/A N/A E 14 Unknown N/A N/A Ceanothus, Pine Hill (Ceanothus roderickii) 8 10/18/1996 8/30/2002 F 8/30/2002 52 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing N/A N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 19 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Ceanothus, Vail Lake (Ceanothus ophiochilus) 8 10/13/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 2 Stable 2/14/2007 7/10/2008 Centaury, spring-loving (Centaurium namophilum) 8 5/20/1985 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A T 14 Unknown 7/7/2005 N/A Chaff-flower, round-leaved (Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata) 1 3/26/1986 N/A D 10/5/1993 50 N/A N/A E 3 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Chaffseed, American (Schwalbea americana) 5 9/29/1992 9/29/1995 F 9/29/1995 16 N/A N/A E 7 Unknown 1/23/2008 N/A Checker-mallow, Keck's (Sidalcea keckii) 8 2/16/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 7/7/2005 1/10/2008 Checker-mallow, Kenwood Marsh (Sidalcea oregana ssp. valida) 8 10/22/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 3C Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Checker-mallow, Nelson's (Sidalcea nelsoniana) 1 2/12/1993 9/30/1998 RD(1) 9/22/2008 73 16,490,000 25 T 2 Stable 7/6/2005 N/A Checker-mallow, pedate (Sidalcea pedata) 8 8/31/1984 7/31/1998 F 7/31/1998 22 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing N/A N/A Checkermallow, Wenatchee Mountains (Sidalcea oregana var. calva) 1 12/22/1999 9/30/2004 F 9/30/2004 28 896,000 13 E 3 Stable N/A N/A Chumbo, Higo (Harrisia portoricensis) 4 8/8/1990 11/12/1996 F 11/12/1996 18 N/A N/A T 14 Stable 9/12/2005 N/A Chupacallos (Pleodendron macranthum) 4 11/25/1994 9/11/1998 F 9/11/1998 19 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown N/A N/A Clarkia, Pismo (Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata) 8 12/15/1994 9/28/1998 F 9/28/1998 36 N/A N/A E 3C Decreasing 3/22/2006 N/A Clarkia, Presidio (Clarkia franciscana) 8 2/3/1995 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 180 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Clarkia, Springville (Clarkia springvillensis) 8 9/14/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 7/7/2005 N/A Clarkia, Vine Hill (Clarkia imbricata) 8 10/22/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Cliff-rose, Arizona (Purshia (=Cowania) subintegra) 2 5/29/1984 6/16/1995 F 6/16/1995 34 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown 4/23/2007 N/A Clover, Monterey (Trifolium trichocalyx) 8 8/12/1998 12/20/2004 F 6/17/2005 46 N/A N/A E 5C Unknown N/A N/A Clover, running buffalo (Trifolium stoloniferum) 3 6/5/1987 6/8/1989 RF(1) 6/27/2007 18 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 7/19/2005 N/A Clover, showy Indian (Trifolium amoenum) 8 10/22/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 3/22/2006 1/10/2008 Cobana negra (Stahlia monosperma) 4 4/5/1990 11/1/1996 F 11/1/1996 14 N/A N/A T 8 Improving 9/21/2007 N/A Coneflower, smooth (Echinacea laevigata) 4 10/8/1992 4/18/1995 F 4/18/1995 10 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Coneflower, Tennessee purple (Echinacea tennesseensis) 4 7/5/1979 2/14/1983 RF(1) 11/14/1989 23 114,000 4 E 8 Stable 9/21/2007 N/A Cory cactus, bunched (Coryphantha ramillosa) 2 12/6/1979 4/13/1990 F 4/13/1990 27 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown N/A N/A Crownbeard, big-leaved (Verbesina dissita) 8 10/7/1996 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 5C Decreasing N/A N/A Crownscale, San Jacinto Valley (Atriplex coronata var. notatior) 8 10/13/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 3 Unknown 3/22/2006 3/31/2008 *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 20 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Cycladenia, Jones (Cycladenia jonesii (=humilis)) 6 5/5/1986 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 8 Stable N/A N/A Daisy, lakeside (Hymenoxys herbacea) 3 6/23/1988 9/19/1990 F 9/19/1990 17 1,591,600 14 T 8 Stable 4/22/2008 N/A Daisy, Maguire (Erigeron maguirei) 6 9/5/1985 8/15/1995 F 8/15/1995 11 N/A N/A T 14 Stable 4/7/2006 5/19/2008 Daisy, Parish's (Erigeron parishii) 8 8/24/1994 N/A D 9/30/1997 22 N/A N/A T 8C Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Daisy, Willamette (Erigeron decumbens var. decumbens) 1 1/25/2000 N/A D 9/22/2008 73 16,490,000 25 E 3C Stable 7/6/2005 N/A Dawn-flower, Texas prairie (Hymenoxys texana) 2 3/13/1986 4/13/1990 F 4/13/1990 26 N/A N/A E 5C Stable N/A N/A Desert-parsley, Bradshaw's (Lomatium bradshawii) 1 9/30/1988 8/13/1993 RD(1) 9/22/2008 73 16,490,000 25 E 5 Stable 7/6/2005 N/A Dogweed, ashy (Thymophylla tephroleuca) 2 7/19/1984 7/29/1988 F 7/29/1988 20 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Dropwort, Canby's (Oxypolis canbyi) 4 2/25/1986 4/10/1990 F 4/10/1990 16 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/28/2006 N/A Dudleya, Conejo (Dudleya abramsii ssp. parva) 8 1/29/1997 9/30/1999 F 9/30/1999 21 N/A N/A T 2C Stable 3/5/2008 N/A Dudleya, marcescent (Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens) 8 1/29/1997 9/30/1999 F 9/30/1999 21 N/A N/A T 9 Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Dudleya, Santa Clara Valley (Dudleya setchellii) 8 2/3/1995 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 180 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown N/A N/A Dudleya, Santa Cruz Island (Dudleya nesiotica) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 T 8 Stable N/A N/A Dudleya, Verity's (Dudleya verityi) 8 1/29/1997 9/30/1999 F 9/30/1999 21 N/A N/A T 2C Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Dudleyea, Santa Monica Mountains (Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia) 8 1/29/1997 9/30/1999 F 9/30/1999 21 N/A N/A T UNK Decreasing N/A N/A Dwarf-flax, Marin (Hesperolinon congestum) 8 2/3/1995 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 180 N/A N/A T 8C Unknown N/A N/A Erubia (Solanum drymophilum) 4 8/26/1988 7/9/1992 F 7/9/1992 15 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown N/A N/A Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes (Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii) 8 5/27/1978 3/21/1980 RF(1) 4/25/1984 30 N/A N/A E 3 Stable 2/14/2007 7/10/2008 Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley (Oenothera avita ssp. eurekensis) 8 5/27/1978 12/13/1982 F 12/13/1982 42 N/A N/A E 15 Stable 7/7/2005 9/24/2007 Evening-primrose, San Benito (Camissonia benitensis) 8 2/12/1985 9/19/2006 F 9/21/2006 32 2,438,000 50 T 5 Stable 2/14/2007 N/A Fiddleneck, large-flowered (Amsinckia grandiflora) 8 5/8/1985 9/29/1997 F 9/29/1997 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Flannelbush, Mexican (Fremontodendron mexicanum) 8 10/13/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2 Improving 2/14/2007 N/A Flannelbush, Pine Hill (Fremontodendron californicum ssp. decumbens) 8 10/18/1996 8/30/2002 F 8/30/2002 52 N/A N/A E 6C Decreasing N/A N/A Fleabane, Zuni (Erigeron rhizomatus) 2 4/26/1985 9/30/1988 F 9/30/1988 11 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 2/2/2005 9/27/2007 Four-o'clock, MacFarlane's (Mirabilis macfarlanei) 1 11/29/1979 3/27/1985 RF(1) 6/30/2000 25 N/A N/A T 2 Stable 4/11/2006 N/A Frankenia, Johnston's (Frankenia johnstonii) 2 8/7/1984 5/24/1988 F 5/24/1988 N/A N/A N/A E 14 Stable N/A N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 21 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Fringepod, Santa Cruz Island (Thysanocarpus conchuliferus) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 E 8 Stable 2/14/2007 N/A Fringe-tree, pygmy (Chionanthus pygmaeus) 4 1/21/1987 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Fritillary, Gentner's (Fritillaria gentneri) 1 12/10/1999 8/28/2003 F 8/28/2003 24 3,126,000 16 E 2 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Gardenia (=Na`u), Hawaiian (Gardenia brighamii) 1 8/21/1985 9/30/1993 F 9/30/1993 147 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Geranium, Hawaiian red-flowered (Geranium arboreum) 1 5/13/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Gerardia, sandplain (Agalinis acuta) 5 9/7/1988 9/20/1989 F 9/20/1989 24 N/A N/A E 5C Stable 1/16/2008 N/A Gilia, Hoffmann's slender-flowered (Gilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 E 8 Stable N/A N/A Gilia, Monterey (Gilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria) 8 6/22/1992 9/29/1998 F 9/29/1998 44 N/A N/A E 9 Stable 3/22/2006 3/31/2008 Goetzea, beautiful (Goetzea elegans) 4 4/19/1985 4/28/1987 F 4/28/1987 23 N/A N/A E 8 Improving 9/27/2006 N/A Goldenrod, Blue Ridge (Solidago spithamaea) 4 3/28/1985 10/28/1987 F 10/28/1987 17 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 7/29/2008 N/A Goldenrod, Houghton's (Solidago houghtonii) 3 7/18/1988 9/17/1997 F 9/17/1997 28 506,500 11 T 8C Stable 10/4/2007 N/A Goldenrod, Short's (Solidago shortii) 4 9/5/1985 5/25/1988 F 5/25/1988 19 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 7/26/2005 10/25/2007 Goldenrod, white-haired (Solidago albopilosa) 4 4/7/1988 9/28/1993 F 9/28/1993 25 305,300 10 T 8 Stable 7/26/2005 N/A Goldfields, Burke's (Lasthenia burkei) 8 12/2/1991 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 2/14/2007 9/30/2008 Goldfields, Contra Costa (Lasthenia conjugens) 8 6/18/1997 3/7/2006 F 12/15/2005 192 N/A N/A E 5C Unknown 2/14/2007 9/30/2008 Gooseberry, Miccosukee (Ribes echinellum) 4 7/18/1985 N/A E N/A N/A N/A N/A T 11 Stable 4/26/2007 7/15/2008 Gourd, Okeechobee (Cucurbita okeechobeensis ssp. okeechobeensis) 4 7/12/1993 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 3 Decreasing 4/16/2008 N/A Grass, Colusa (Neostapfia colusana) 8 3/26/1997 3/7/2006 F 12/15/2005 192 N/A N/A T 2C Stable 3/22/2006 7/10/2008 Grass, Eureka Dune (Swallenia alexandrae) 8 5/27/1978 12/13/1982 F 12/13/1982 42 N/A N/A E 13 Stable 7/7/2005 9/24/2007 Grass, Solano (Tuctoria mucronata) 8 9/29/1978 9/11/1985 F 12/15/2005 192 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 2/14/2007 N/A Grass, Tennessee yellow-eyed (Xyris tennesseensis) 4 7/26/1991 6/24/1994 F 6/24/1994 16 N/A N/A E 8 Stable N/A N/A Ground-plum, Guthrie's (=Pyne's) (Astragalus bibullatus) 4 9/26/1991 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Groundsel, San Francisco Peaks (Senecio franciscanus) 2 11/22/1983 7/21/1987 F 7/21/1987 9 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 4/23/2007 N/A Gumplant, Ash Meadows (Grindelia fraxino-pratensis) 8 5/20/1985 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A T 14 Unknown 7/7/2005 1/10/2008 Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra crenata) 1 3/28/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra dentata) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra giffardii) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra limahuliensis) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A T 14 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 22 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra munroi) 1 5/15/1992 9/29/1995 F 9/29/1995 107 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra polyantha) 1 3/28/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Improving 3/8/2007 N/A Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra subumbellata) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Improving 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra tintinnabula) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Improving N/A N/A Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra viridiflora) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Haha (Cyanea acuminata) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 11 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Haha (Cyanea asarifolia) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Haha (Cyanea copelandii ssp. copelandii) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 6 Decreasing N/A N/A Haha (Cyanea copelandii ssp. haleakalaensis) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 6 Decreasing N/A N/A Haha (Cyanea dunbarii) 1 10/10/1996 5/20/1998 F 5/20/1998 29 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Haha (Cyanea glabra) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana) 1 10/10/1996 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 6 Stable N/A N/A Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae) 1 6/27/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 6 Improving 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. carlsonii) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 6 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. hamatiflora) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 6 Improving 3/8/2007 N/A Haha (Cyanea humboldtiana) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Haha (Cyanea koolauensis) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Haha (Cyanea lobata) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 2 Stable N/A N/A Haha (Cyanea longiflora) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 11 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Haha (Cyanea macrostegia ssp. gibsonii) 1 9/20/1991 9/29/1995 F 9/29/1995 107 N/A N/A E 6 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Haha (Cyanea mannii) 1 10/8/1992 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 29 24,784,000 21 E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Haha (Cyanea mceldowneyi) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Haha (Cyanea pinnatifida) 1 10/29/1991 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 Haha (Cyanea platyphylla) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing 4/11/2006 N/A Haha (Cyanea procera) 1 10/8/1992 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 29 24,784,000 21 E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Haha (Cyanea recta) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A T 2 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Haha (Cyanea remyi) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Haha (Cyanea shipmanii) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Haha (Cyanea st.-johnii) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Improving 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 Haha (Cyanea stictophylla) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Stable N/A N/A Haha (Cyanea superba) 1 9/11/1991 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 Haha (Cyanea truncata) 1 3/28/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 Haha (Cyanea undulata) 1 9/20/1991 5/31/1994 F 5/31/1994 60 N/A N/A E 11 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Hala pepe (Pleomele hawaiiensis) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Stable N/A N/A Harebells, Avon Park (Crotalaria avonensis) 4 4/27/1993 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing 9/27/2006 7/13/2007 Harperella (Ptilimnium nodosum) 5 9/28/1988 3/5/1991 F 3/5/1991 25 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 1/16/2008 N/A Hau kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus giffardianus) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 23 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Hau kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus hualalaiensis) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Hau kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus woodii) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 Heartleaf, dwarf-flowered (Hexastylis naniflora) 4 4/14/1989 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 14 Unknown 9/20/2005 N/A Heather, mountain golden (Hudsonia montana) 4 10/20/1980 9/14/1983 F 9/14/1983 17 N/A N/A T 8C Unknown 7/28/2006 N/A Heau (Exocarpos luteolus) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Hedyotis, Na Pali beach (Hedyotis st.- johnii) 1 9/30/1991 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Hibiscus, Clay's (Hibiscus clayi) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Higuero de sierra (Crescentia portoricensis) 4 12/4/1987 9/23/1991 F 9/23/1991 20 N/A N/A E 14 Improving 9/21/2007 N/A Holei (Ochrosia kilaueaensis) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Captivity N/A N/A Holly, Cook's (Ilex cookii) 4 6/16/1987 1/31/1991 F 1/31/1991 19 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Honohono (Haplostachys haplostachya) 1 11/29/1979 N/A D 9/20/1993 37 N/A N/A E 2 Improving N/A N/A Howellia, water (Howellia aquatilis) 6 7/14/1994 N/A D 9/24/1996 40 N/A N/A T 7 Improving 4/18/2007 N/A Hypericum, highlands scrub (Hypericum cumulicola) 4 1/21/1987 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown 4/26/2007 9/5/2008 Iagu, Hayun (=(Guam), Tronkon guafi (Rota)) (Serianthes nelsonii) 1 2/18/1987 2/2/1994 F 2/2/1994 61 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Iliau, dwarf (Wilkesia hobdyi) 1 6/22/1992 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Indian paintbrush, San Clemente Island (Castilleja grisea) 8 9/12/1977 1/26/1984 F 1/26/1984 54 N/A N/A E 14 Stable 7/7/2005 9/24/2007 Ipomopsis, Holy Ghost (Ipomopsis sancti-spiritus) 2 3/23/1994 9/26/2002 F 9/26/2002 29 6,375,000 20 E 5C Stable 7/21/2004 N/A Iris, dwarf lake (Iris lacustris) 3 9/28/1988 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 8C Stable 10/4/2007 N/A Irisette, white (Sisyrinchium dichotomum) 4 9/26/1991 4/10/1995 F 4/10/1995 16 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown N/A N/A Ischaemum, Hilo (Ischaemum byrone) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Ivesia, Ash Meadows (Ivesia kingii var. eremica) 8 5/20/1985 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown N/A N/A Jacquemontia, beach (Jacquemontia reclinata) 4 11/24/1993 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 6/21/2005 5/30/2007 Jewelflower, California (Caulanthus californicus) 8 7/19/1990 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 223 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 3/22/2006 N/A Jewelflower, Metcalf Canyon (Streptanthus albidus ssp. albidus) 8 2/3/1995 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 180 N/A N/A E 3C Unknown N/A N/A Jewelflower, Tiburon (Streptanthus niger) 8 2/3/1995 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 180 N/A N/A E 5C Unknown N/A N/A Joint-vetch, sensitive (Aeschynomene virginica) 5 5/20/1992 9/29/1995 F 9/29/1995 25 662,000 20 T 2 Unknown 12/16/2008 N/A Kamakahala (Labordia cyrtandrae) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Kamakahala (Labordia lydgatei) 1 9/20/1991 5/31/1994 F 5/31/1994 60 N/A N/A E 11 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Kamakahala (Labordia tinifolia var. lanaiensis) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 6 Decreasing N/A N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 24 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Kamakahala (Labordia tinifolia var. wahiawaensis) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 6 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Kamakahala (Labordia triflora) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides) 1 10/10/1996 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 5 Improving 3/8/2007 N/A Kauai hau kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus distans) 1 4/29/1986 6/5/1996 F 6/5/1996 23 2,713,000 20 E 2 Improving 3/8/2007 N/A Kauila (Colubrina oppositifolia) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Kaulu (Pteralyxia kauaiensis) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Kio`ele (Hedyotis coriacea) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Kiponapona (Phyllostegia racemosa) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Ko`oko`olau (Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 9 Decreasing N/A N/A Ko`oko`olau (Bidens wiebkei) 1 10/8/1992 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 29 24,784,000 21 E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Ko`oloa`ula (Abutilon menziesii) 1 9/26/1986 9/29/1995 F 9/29/1995 107 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Kohe malama malama o kanaloa (Kanaloa kahoolawensis) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 1 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Koki`o (Kokia drynarioides) 1 12/4/1984 5/6/1994 F 5/6/1994 104 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Koki`o (Kokia kauaiensis) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Koki`o ke`oke`o (Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus) 1 10/8/1992 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 29 24,784,000 21 E 3 Decreasing N/A N/A Koki`o ke`oke`o (Hibiscus waimeae ssp. hannerae) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 3 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Koki`o, Cooke's (Kokia cookei) 1 11/29/1979 5/27/1998 F 5/27/1998 36 6,365,000 30 E 5 Captivity 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Kolea (Myrsine juddii) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Kolea (Myrsine linearifolia) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A T 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Kopa (Hedyotis schlechtendahliana var. remyi) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 6 Captivity 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago hawaiensis) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps) 1 11/10/1994 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 5 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Kuawawaenohu (Alsinidendron lychnoides) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Kula wahine noho (Isodendrion pyrifolium) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Kulu`i (Nototrichium humile) 1 10/29/1991 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Ladies'-tresses, Canelo Hills (Spiranthes delitescens) 2 1/6/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2C Stable N/A N/A Ladies'-tresses, Navasota (Spiranthes parksii) 2 5/6/1982 9/21/1984 F 9/21/1984 12 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 9/21/2007 N/A Ladies'-tresses, Ute (Spiranthes diluvialis) 6 1/17/1992 N/A D 9/21/1995 N/A N/A N/A T 14C Improving 10/12/2004 N/A Larkspur, Baker's (Delphinium bakeri) 8 1/26/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Stable N/A N/A Larkspur, San Clemente Island (Delphinium variegatum ssp. kinkiense) 8 9/12/1977 1/26/1984 F 1/26/1984 54 N/A N/A E 9 Stable 7/7/2005 3/31/2008 Larkspur, yellow (Delphinium luteum) 8 1/26/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 8C Unknown N/A N/A Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense) 1 10/10/1996 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 2 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 25 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Laulihilihi (Schiedea stellarioides) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Layia, beach (Layia carnosa) 8 6/22/1992 9/29/1998 F 9/29/1998 44 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 2/14/2007 N/A Lead-plant, Crenulate (Amorpha crenulata) 4 7/18/1985 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing 9/27/2006 9/21/2007 Leather flower, Alabama (Clematis socialis) 4 9/26/1986 12/27/1989 F 12/27/1989 19 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 6/14/2005 N/A Leather flower, Morefield's (Clematis morefieldii) 4 5/20/1992 5/3/1994 F 5/3/1994 14 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 6/14/2005 N/A Lessingia, San Francisco (Lessingia germanorum (=L.g. var. germanorum)) 8 6/19/1997 10/6/2003 F 10/6/2003 76 N/A N/A E 2C Decreasing N/A N/A Liliwai (Acaena exigua) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/11/2006 N/A Lily, Minnesota dwarf trout (Erythronium propullans) 3 3/26/1986 12/16/1987 F 12/16/1987 11 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing 4/22/2008 N/A Lily, Pitkin Marsh (Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense) 8 10/22/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5C Stable 3/5/2008 N/A Lily, Western (Lilium occidentale) 8 8/17/1994 3/31/1998 F 3/31/1998 23 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Liveforever, Laguna Beach (Dudleya stolonifera) 8 10/13/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 8 Unknown N/A N/A Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island (Dudleya traskiae) 8 5/27/1978 6/27/1985 F 6/27/1985 16 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 7/7/2005 1/10/2008 Lo`ulu (Pritchardia affinis) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Stable N/A N/A Lo`ulu (Pritchardia kaalae) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Lo`ulu (Pritchardia munroi) 1 10/8/1992 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 29 24,784,000 21 E 5 Stable N/A N/A Lo`ulu (Pritchardia napaliensis) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Lo`ulu (Pritchardia remota) 1 8/21/1996 3/31/1998 F 3/31/1998 33 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Lo`ulu (Pritchardia schattaueri) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Lo`ulu (Pritchardia viscosa) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Locoweed, Fassett's (Oxytropis campestris var. chartacea) 3 9/28/1988 3/29/1991 F 3/29/1991 6 425,000 14 T 9 Stable 7/27/2007 N/A Lomatium, Cook's (Lomatium cookii) 1 11/7/2002 N/A D 9/22/2006 53 N/A N/A E 2C Decreasing N/A N/A Loosestrife, rough-leaved (Lysimachia asperulaefolia) 4 6/12/1987 4/19/1995 F 4/19/1995 15 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Lousewort, Furbish (Pedicularis furbishiae) 5 5/27/1978 6/29/1983 RF(1) 7/2/1991 21 149,000 7 E 14 Decreasing 8/10/2005 4/7/2007 Love grass, Fosberg's (Eragrostis fosbergii) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Lupine, clover (Lupinus tidestromii) 8 6/22/1992 9/29/1998 F 9/29/1998 44 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Lupine, Kincaid's (Lupinus sulphureus (=oreganus) ssp. kincaidii (=var. kincaidii)) 1 1/25/2000 N/A D 9/22/2008 73 16,490,000 25 T 6C Unknown 7/6/2005 N/A Lupine, Nipomo Mesa (Lupinus nipomensis) 8 3/20/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Lupine, scrub (Lupinus aridorum) 4 4/7/1987 1/29/1990 RF(1) 6/20/1996 35 N/A N/A E 2C Decreasing 4/26/2007 11/27/2007 Ma`o hau hele, (=native yellow hibiscus) (Hibiscus brackenridgei) 1 11/10/1994 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 2 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Ma`oli`oli (Schiedea apokremnos) 1 9/30/1991 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 26 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Ma`oli`oli (Schiedea kealiae) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Mahoe (Alectryon macrococcus) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Makou (Peucedanum sandwicense) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A T 8 Decreasing N/A N/A Malacothrix, island (Malacothrix squalida) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Malacothrix, Santa Cruz Island (Malacothrix indecora) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Mallow, Kern (Eremalche kernensis) 8 7/19/1990 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 223 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown 3/22/2006 N/A Mallow, Peter's Mountain (Iliamna corei) 5 5/12/1986 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 12 153,000 10 E 8 Stable 1/16/2008 9/30/2008 Manaca, palma de (Calyptronoma rivalis) 4 2/6/1990 6/25/1992 F 6/25/1992 18 N/A N/A T 8 Improving 9/21/2007 N/A Manioc, Walker's (Manihot walkerae) 2 10/2/1991 12/12/1993 F 12/12/1993 27 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/23/2007 N/A Manzanita, Del Mar (Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. crassifolia) 8 10/7/1996 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 6C Decreasing N/A N/A Manzanita, Ione (Arctostaphylos myrtifolia) 8 5/26/1999 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 5C Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Manzanita, Morro (Arctostaphylos morroensis) 8 12/15/1994 9/28/1998 F 9/28/1998 36 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 3/22/2006 3/31/2008 Manzanita, pallid (Arctostaphylos pallida) 8 4/22/1998 N/A D 4/7/2003 211 N/A N/A T 11C Decreasing N/A N/A Manzanita, Presidio (Arctostaphylos hookeri var. ravenii) 8 11/29/1979 10/6/2003 F 10/6/2003 76 N/A N/A E 12 Stable N/A N/A Manzanita, Santa Rosa Island (Arctostaphylos confertiflora) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 E 2 Stable 3/22/2006 1/10/2008 Mapele (Cyrtandra cyaneoides) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Mariposa lily, Tiburon (Calochortus tiburonensis) 8 2/3/1995 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 180 N/A N/A T 17 Stable 3/5/2008 N/A Meadowfoam, Butte County (Limnanthes floccosa ssp. californica) 8 6/8/1992 3/7/2006 F 12/15/2005 192 N/A N/A E 3C Unknown 3/22/2006 7/10/2008 Meadowfoam, large-flowered woolly (Limnanthes floccosa ssp. grandiflora) 1 11/7/2002 N/A D 9/22/2006 53 N/A N/A E 3C Improving N/A N/A Meadowfoam, Sebastopol (Limnanthes vinculans) 8 12/2/1991 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 2/14/2007 9/30/2008 Meadowrue, Cooley's (Thalictrum cooleyi) 4 2/7/1989 4/21/1994 F 4/21/1994 16 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 4/26/2007 N/A Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea) 1 11/10/1994 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 5 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Mesa-mint, Otay (Pogogyne nudiuscula) 8 8/3/1993 9/3/1998 F 9/3/1998 14 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown N/A N/A Mesa-mint, San Diego (Pogogyne abramsii) 8 10/29/1978 9/3/1998 F 9/3/1998 14 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Milkpea, Small's (Galactia smallii) 4 7/18/1985 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing 6/21/2005 N/A Milk-vetch, Applegate's (Astragalus applegatei) 8 7/28/1993 4/10/1998 F 4/10/1998 26 N/A N/A E 5 Improving 8/15/2007 N/A Milk-vetch, Ash meadows (Astragalus phoenix) 8 5/20/1985 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 3/5/2008 N/A Milk-vetch, Braunton's (Astragalus brauntonii) 8 1/29/1997 9/30/1999 F 9/30/1999 21 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 2/14/2007 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 27 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Milk-vetch, Clara Hunt's (Astragalus clarianus) 8 10/22/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5C Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Milk-vetch, Coachella Valley (Astragalus lentiginosus var. coachellae) 8 10/6/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 6C Decreasing 3/22/2006 N/A Milk-vetch, coastal dunes (Astragalus tener var. titi) 8 8/12/1998 12/20/2004 F 6/17/2005 46 N/A N/A E 6C Stable 3/5/2008 N/A Milk-vetch, Cushenbury (Astragalus albens) 8 8/24/1994 N/A D 9/30/1997 22 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown N/A N/A Milk-vetch, Deseret (Astragalus desereticus) 6 10/20/1999 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 14 Improving 4/18/2007 N/A Milk-vetch, Fish Slough (Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis) 8 10/6/1998 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 100 N/A N/A T 9C Unknown 6/4/2007 N/A Milk-vetch, heliotrope (Astragalus montii) 6 11/6/1987 N/A D 9/27/1995 N/A N/A N/A T 8 Stable N/A N/A Milk-vetch, Holmgren (Astragalus holmgreniorum) 6 9/28/2001 9/22/2006 F 9/29/2006 52 18,839,000 30 E 5C Decreasing 4/7/2006 4/13/2007 Milk-vetch, Jesup's (Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupi) 5 6/5/1987 11/21/1989 F 11/21/1989 17 N/A N/A E 6 Stable 1/16/2008 N/A Milk-vetch, Lane Mountain (Astragalus jaegerianus) 8 10/6/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 8 Stable 3/22/2006 7/10/2008 Milk-vetch, Mancos (Astragalus humillimus) 2 6/27/1985 12/20/1989 F 12/20/1989 13 N/A N/A E 5C Stable 4/23/2007 N/A Milk-vetch, Osterhout (Astragalus osterhoutii) 6 7/13/1989 9/30/1992 F 9/30/1992 13 N/A N/A E 2 Stable N/A N/A Milk-vetch, Peirson's (Astragalus magdalenae var. peirsonii) 8 10/6/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 9 Stable 7/21/2008 9/30/2008 Milk-vetch, Sentry (Astra
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Rating | |
Title | Report to Congress on the recovery of threatened and endangered species, fiscal years 2007-2008 |
Contact |
mailto:library@fws.gov |
Description | The purpose of this Recovery Report to Congress is to provide an update on the recovery of listed species for Fiscal Years 2007-2008. |
FWS Resource Links | www.fws.gov/endangered |
Subject |
Document Policies Threatened species Endangered and/or threatened |
Publisher | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
Date of Original | 2010-06 |
Type |
Text |
Format |
PDF |
Source |
NCTC Conservation Library |
Language | English; |
Rights | Public domain; |
File Size | 1040271 Bytes |
Original Format |
Document |
Length | 58 p. |
Full Resolution File Size | 1040271 Bytes |
Transcript | Report to Congress on the Recovery of Threatened and Endangered Species Fiscal Years 2007-2008 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service The ultimate goal of the Endangered Species Act (Act) is recovery of threatened and endangered species. Recovery is the process by which the decline of threatened and endangered species is arrested and threats are removed or reduced so that long-term survival of the species can be main-tained in the wild, thus alleviating the need for the protections of the Act. As of September 30, 2008, the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) had lead responsibility for recovering 1,268 federally listed threatened (280) and endangered (988) species. The purpose of this Recovery Report to Congress is to provide an update on the recovery of listed species for Fiscal Years 2007-2008. During this time, recovery has been achieved for three species. The Service has del-isted the Yellowstone distinct population segment (DPS) of the grizzly bear, the bald eagle (except in Arizona), and the West Virginia northern flying squirrel. In addition, the Florida DPS of the American crocodile has been downlisted and six other species have been proposed for delisting. The po-lar bear and Sonoran Desert DPS of the bald eagle (in Arizona) were added to the Federal List of Threatened and Endangered Wildlife and Plants. As part of this Recovery Report, updates on recovery plan information are given. Recovery plans define goals for downlisting and delisting by making recommendations for specific conservation measures. The Service has demonstrated a marked improvement in finalizing recovery plans for threatened and endangered species. By the end of this reporting period, 1,087 species (85%) had final recovery plans, which is a three percent increase from two years ago. In addition, 47 more species had draft plans that were waiting to be finalized. Because species’ declines often occur over the course of decades or centuries prior to their listing, recovery often requires substantial time and resources to achieve. By conducting 5-year status reviews, the Service can determine how much progress is being made towards recovery. These reviews also help us determine whether a species should be delisted or reclassified. In the past, the Service had not regularly conducted 5-year status reviews because of other competing statutory requirements. However, recent lawsuits and notices of intent to sue have highlighted the need to undertake 5-year status reviews. The Service’s Washington Office has recom-mended that each region complete 20% of its species’ 5-year status reviews annually. So far, 887 or 70% of all listed species have had 5-year status reviews initiated, and of those initiated, 329 or 37% have been completed. Of the 329 completed 5-year status reviews, 285 (87%) recommended no change in status for the species, 23 recommended downlisting, 18 recommended delisting, and only 3 recommended uplisting from threatened to endangered. This Recovery Report also provides information on overall species’ status relative to the previous reporting period. These results are not intended to provide status review results such as are available after a 12-month petition finding or a 5-year status review. They are intended only to represent the relative progress that is be-ing made on listed species. By the end of this reporting period, 551 species or 43% were considered stable or improving. However, there were 389 species whose status was decreasing (30%), 301 species’ status was un-known (24%), and 19 species were presumed extinct (1%). Recovering species that are threatened with or in danger of becoming extinct is a daunting task. The Service cannot accomplish this alone. We must rely on Federal, State, local agencies, Tribes, non-governmental organi-zations, universities, private landowners, and other stakeholders for their help. We recognize that the authori-ties, resources, and cooperation of all of our partners will be required to achieve recovery of threatened and endangered species. From the Director Rowan W. Gould, Acting Director This page intentionally left blank. Data Data are presented for each U.S. listed species under the jurisdic-tion of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), organized by major taxonomic groupings. Data include: • the species’ inverted common name, or scientific name where no common name is available; • the lead Service Region; • the date the species was listed under the Act; • the date of the species’ first final recovery plan (if there is one); • the stage of development of the recovery plan; • the date of the species’ most current recovery plan; • the species’ current listing clas-sification; • the species’ recovery priority number; • the date the species’ 5-year review was initiated; • the date the species’ 5-year review was completed; • the species’ population status at the end of FY 2008; • the number of actions outlined in the current recovery plan that have been implemented; • the estimated costs for recovery, if available; and • the estimated time to recovery (from plan completion), if avail-able. Common Name Species are listed in the table by inverted common name within their respective taxonomic groups. Where a species has more than one commonly accepted common name, the alternate name is indicated in parentheses with an “equals” symbol followed by the alternate name. The scientific name is also given in parentheses behind the common name. Many plants and some invertebrates have no com-mon name, so only the scientific name is given. Lead Region This indicates which Service Region has the lead responsibil-ity for the species (see Map on inside back cover). For example, a number “8” indicates a species for which the California-Nevada Re-gional Office has lead responsibil-ity. Some species are wide ranging and may be found in more than one region. Date Listed This indicates the date the species was added to the list of federally Endangered and Threatened Spe-cies. Date of First Final Plan This indicates the date that the first final recovery plan was ap-proved (signed by the Regional Director or Director). An N/A in this column indicates that the species does not yet have a final recovery plan. Plan Status The status of recovery plan devel-opment is reported as indicated below: • F = Final plan has been ap-proved by the Regional Director and a Notice of Availability has been published in the Federal Register. • D = Draft plan has been ap-proved by the Regional Director and published in the Federal Register as available for public comment. • RD(#) = Draft of the revised plan has been approved by the Regional Director and published in the Federal Register as avail-able for public comment. The draft of the first revision to the final plan is recorded as RD(1), draft of the second revision to the final plan is recorded as RD(2), etc. • RF(#) = Final revision has been approved by the Regional Direc-tor and a Notice of Availability has been published in the Fed-eral Register. The first revision is recorded as RF(1), the second revision is RF(2), etc. • E = Species that are exempted from recovery plan develop-ment. Species are “exempt” if the Service has determined that developing a recovery plan will not promote the conservation of the species. • N/A = the species does not yet have an approved recovery plan. Report to Congress on the Recovery of Threatened and Endangered Species Fiscal Years 2007-2008 The city of Yreka, California, is a partner with the Fish and Wildlife Service in efforts to recover the Yreka phlox, an endangered wildflower. Matt Braun/FWS 1 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Report FY07-08 Date of Current or Active Plan This indicates the date of the spe-cies’ most current recovery plan. An “N/A” in this column indicates that a recovery plan for the spe-cies is still under development. A date in this column that is differ-ent from the date in the Date of First Final Plan column indicates that the plan has undergone a revi-sion (or is currently undergoing a revision) or that earlier drafts and final plans for some individual spe-cies may have been incorporated into later multi-species or ecosys-tem plans. Listing Classification The species’ listing classification, as of September 30, 2008, is identi-fied as threatened (T) or endan-gered (E). Recovery Priority Number The first step for the conserva-tion of any species is to prevent its extinction. Thus the species with the highest degree of threat have the highest priority for preparing and implementing recovery plans. Additionally, appropriate use of the limited resources available to implement the Act, must be consid-ered. To this end, each species is assigned a recovery priority from 1 to 18 according to the degree of threats, recovery potential, and taxonomic distinctness. In addi-tion, a species’ rank may be el-evated by adding a “C” designation to its numerical rank to indicate that it is, or may be, in conflict with construction or other development projects, or other forms of econom-ic activity. Species with a high pri-ority rank (1, 1C, 2, 2C) are those that are the most threatened and have the highest potential for re-covery. Species with a low rank (16, 17, 18) are the least threatened and have low recovery potentials. See 48 FR 43098-43105 (Sept. 21, 1983), and Table 3 on 48 FR 51935 (Nov. 15, 1983) for additional information on this prioritization system. Although Recovery Priority Numbers are intended to serve as guidelines for prioritizing development and implementation of recovery plans, many other factors affect how we allocate limited recovery resources. The Service allocates the majority of its general recovery funding to the Regional Offices through a meth-odology that uses the number of species and the likely complexity of recovery, for instance a wide-ranging animal species would be weighted higher (and receive more funding) than an endemic plant. Individual regions and field offices prioritize funding for listed species based on a variety of other fac-tors that likely include the species recovery priority rankings, degree of threat, and potential for success. However, many other factors affect how we allocate our limited recov-ery funding. These other factors include the number of species ben-efitting from an action, partnership opportunities, leveraging of fund-ing with other partners, whether the action will benefit other spe-cies, and whether the action will promote recovery or improve spe-cies status over a large geographic area. In addition, some recovery funding is necessarily expended to maintain a species status or move a species closer to recovery and delisting. As a species moves closer towards achieving recovery, the degree of threats to the spe-cies decreases, and is reflected in a lower RPN. However, without continued funding for ongoing or remaining recovery actions, it is often impossible to maintain a species’ improved status or to del-ist the species. Therefore, some funding decisions are made based on the need to maintain a species’ improved status, on the ability to move a species closer to recovery, or to move a species to the point that it is fully recovered and ready for delisting. Relying more on RPNs as a factor in allocating recovery funding is challenging due to the difficulty in keeping RPNs up to date to reflect the species’ current status under The Palos Verde blue butterfly of southern California benefits from captive-rearing facilities set up to recover this endangered species. © Moose Peterson/Wildlife Research Photography www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Report FY07-08 2 changing threat conditions. In some cases, it may even be dif-ficult to assess whether changing conditions warrant a change in RPNs. For example, the Indiana bat, gray bat, and Virginian big-eared bat have RPNs of 8, 8, and 9C, respectively (indicating species with moderate threats and high recovery potential). However, the appearance of the disease “white-nose syndrome” in the Northeast-ern U.S. poses a potentially deadly threat to all bat species. The degree of threat is unknown but could potentially be very high. The ability to protect bat species from or remove the threat of white-nose syndrome (recovery potential) is also unknown, making it difficult to determine an appropriate RPN based on degree of threat and recovery potential. The Service moved forward to fund proposals to investigate the causes and moni-tor the extent of the disease over funding actions for species that have higher RPNs. In this case, the Service needed to respond quickly to a potentially grave threat before knowing enough to positively quantify it in a changed RPN. Additionally, swift actions to monitor and prevent spread of the disease are likely needed to prevent recovery potential of these species from moving from high to low. As we describe below, we are implementing several measures to ensure that RPNs are periodically reviewed and updated and expect to examine the RPNs of our listed bat species through this process. While the Service’s RPN guide-lines are intended to be used as a guide for prioritizing recovery planning and implementation rather than being an inflexible framework, we have undertaken several steps to ensure that RPNs are regularly reviewed and updated. These changes will help RPNs keep pace with the on-the-ground conditions for our listed species, and increase their relevance in decision-making. We have implemented yearly review of RPNs during our annual per-formance reporting, and included review of RPNs as part of our periodic species 5-year reviews required by section 4(c)(2) of the Act. Currently, changes in RPNs can only be entered once a year in the Service’s TESS (Threatened and Endangered Species System) database during our annual perfor-mance reporting. We are develop-ing mechanisms in TESS that will allow us to update RPNs as needed throughout the year so that the RPN displayed in the Service’s da-tabases won’t lag behind the actual species’ condition. This change will also allow us to display accu-rate RPNs on the species profiles posted on our Endangered Species public website, and to better com-municate our recovery priorities to our partners and stakeholders. Fish and Wildlife Service biologist Judy Jacobs feeds a young Laysan albatross at Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge in Hawaii, as part of research into methods to translocate the endangered short-tailed albatross. Brenda Zaun/FWS 3 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Report FY07-08 Five-year Status Reviews The information displayed repre-sents the five-year status reviews currently defined for the species. The initiation date is the date a notice was published in the Fed-eral Register which announced the initiation of the five-year status review and requested any new in-formation relevant to the species. The completion date is the date the five-year status review was signed by the Service’s Regional Director or appropriate delegated authority. Species Status (FY 2008) The population status of each spe-cies is identified as: • Improving: Species for which information available indicates that the species status improved since the last reporting period (i.e. population numbers in-creased, threats decreased or were managed, or both). • Stable: Species for which the information available indicates that the species status neither improved nor declined since the last reporting period (i.e., popu-lation numbers remained con-stant, and threats did not affect species status during reporting period). • Declining: Species for which the information available indicates that the species status declined since the last reporting period (i.e., population numbers de-creased, threats increased or continued to impact the species, or both). • Uncertain: Species for which the information available is not sufficient to determine their status since the last reporting period (i.e. significant level of uncertainty in effects of threats, or significant and/or extended lack of information on popula-tion numbers or other demo-graphic characteristics over most or all the species range). • Captivity: Species that are found only in captivity, and not in the wild within its range. • Presumed Extinct: Species that are believed to be extinct, but may not be confirmed so, or spe-cies for which surveys have been conducted to confirm extinction, but are awaiting completion of the delisting rule. • Presumed Extirpated in the U.S. and Extant outside the U.S.: Cross-border species believed or confirmed to no longer exist in the U.S., but still occur elsewhere within its range outside the U.S. Number of Actions Implemented The “number of actions imple-mented” represents the total number of recovery actions identi-fied in the implementation sched-ules of the recovery documents in the Recovery Online Activity Reporting (ROAR) database that have been implemented. Recov-ery Actions are defined as actions Rio Grande silvery minnow. Aimee Roberson/FWS Fish and Wildlife Service staff net Rio Grande silvery minnows brought by truck from New Mexico to reestablish the species at Big Bend National Park in Texas. Volunteers and partners in the program passed buckets of the fish down the line to a temporary pen in the river prior to release. Raymond Skiles/NPS www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Report FY07-08 4 relevant to eliminating or reduc-ing the threats identified in listing rules, recovery plans, and through subsequent 5-year reviews that are identified as such in ROAR. A recovery action in ROAR will count as “implemented” if it has an action status of ongoing cur-rent, ongoing not current, partially complete, or complete (if it has an associated completion date within the current FY). Caution needs to be applied when reviewing the total number of recovery actions implemented. Many species are included in multi-species recovery plans so some actions may be listed more than once. These data repre-sent the number of actions imple-mented in FY 2008 only. Prior to FY 2008 we only collected data on the number of actions initiated for which the Service was identified as the lead or co-lead in the imple-mentation schedule. The “number of actions imple-mented” replaces the “recovery achieved” data that we have included in previous Recovery Reports to Congress. For recov-ery achieved, we reported a value of 1 to 4 that corresponded with a percentage of the species recovery objectives that had been achieved. However, this number did not necessarily correspond with the percentage of recovery actions implemented and we found that it was difficult to ensure that the measure was being applied consis-tently for all listed species. With the development and widespread use of the ROAR database, we now have an efficient means of track-ing the actual number of recovery actions implemented. We believe that this value serves as a better indicator of the level of effort be-ing invested to recover each listed species. We first began collecting these data in FY 2008 as we imple-mented reporting on the perfor-mance measures identified in the Endangered Species Program’s draft strategic plan. Estimated Costs for Recovery This column indicates the esti-mated costs of recovering the species as reported in their most current final recovery plans. In many cases, this estimate is a minimum estimate because many plans include recovery actions for which the costs are yet to be deter-mined. Multi-species plans often only report an estimated cost for recovery for all species in the plan, thus a single action might benefit multiple species simultaneously. In these cases, the total cost pro-vided in the multi-species plan has been associated with every species from the plan. Cost estimates are not adjusted for inflation, but are relevant to the year the plan was completed. Estimated Time to Recovery This reports the estimated num-ber of years (from the date of the current plan) the recovery plan forecasts it will take the species to recover in order to begin delist-ing. All time estimates are based on the assumption that adequate resources are available to imple-ment all recovery actions identi-fied as necessary for the recovery of the species in a timely fashion. Data are reported only for those recovery plans which provide an estimate of time to delisting. An “N/A” in this column indicates that the recovery plan only reports the time estimated to reclassification, not delisting, or that the time to delisting is expected to be deter-mined at some later date. An endangered black-footed ferret gains its freedom at a reintroduction site in Kansas. Dan Mulhern/FWS 5 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Report FY07-08 Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed Amphibians Coqui, golden (Eleutherodactylus jasperi) 4 11/11/1977 4/19/1984 F 4/19/1984 6 N/A N/A T 5C Presumed Extinct 9/27/2006 N/A Frog, California red-legged (Rana aurora draytonii) 8 5/23/1996 5/28/2002 F 5/28/2002 104 N/A N/A T 6C Unknown N/A N/A Frog, Chiricahua leopard (Rana chiricahuensis) 2 6/13/2002 6/4/2007 F 6/4/2007 78 3,413,000 28 T 2C Improving 5/2/2007 N/A Frog, Mississippi gopher (Rana capito sevosa) 4 12/4/2001 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Frog, mountain yellow-legged (Rana muscosa) 8 7/2/2002 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 3 Stable N/A N/A Guajon (Eleutherodactylus cooki) 4 6/11/1997 9/24/2004 F 9/24/2004 22 846,000 20 T 11 Stable 9/12/2005 N/A Salamander, Barton Springs (Eurycea sosorum) 2 4/30/1997 9/21/2005 F 9/21/2005 48 6,255,000 20 E 2C Improving 1/25/2005 10/5/2006 Salamander, California tiger (Santa Barbara County DPS) (Ambystoma californiense) 8 1/19/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 3C Decreasing 4/24/2007 N/A Salamander, California tiger (Sonoma County DPS) (Ambystoma californiense) 8 7/22/2002 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 3C Stable N/A N/A Salamander, California tiger (Central CA DPS) (Ambystoma californiense) 8 8/4/2004 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 9C Decreasing N/A N/A Salamander, Cheat Mountain (Plethodon nettingi) 5 8/18/1989 7/25/1991 F 7/25/1991 23 N/A N/A T 8C Stable 12/16/2008 N/A Salamander, desert slender (Batrachoseps aridus) 8 6/4/1973 8/12/1982 F 8/12/1982 37 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 2/14/2007 N/A Salamander, flatwoods (Ambystoma cingulatum) 4 4/1/1999 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 5 Decreasing 6/14/2005 N/A Salamander, Red Hills (Phaeognathus hubrichti) 4 1/3/1977 11/23/1983 F 11/23/1983 9 N/A N/A T 7 Unknown 9/8/2006 N/A Salamander, San Marcos (Eurycea nana) 2 7/14/1980 4/8/1985 RF(1) 2/14/1996 36 N/A N/A T 2C Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) 8 3/11/1967 9/28/1977 RD(1) 7/2/1999 74 N/A N/A E 6C Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Salamander, Shenandoah (Plethodon shenandoah) 5 8/18/1989 9/29/1994 F 9/29/1994 21 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 1/16/2008 N/A Salamander, Sonora tiger (Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi) 2 1/6/1997 9/24/2002 F 9/24/2002 38 N/A N/A E 3 Unknown 4/21/2006 10/4/2007 Salamander, Texas blind (Typhlomolge rathbuni) 2 3/11/1967 4/8/1985 RF(1) 2/14/1996 36 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 3/20/2008 N/A Toad, arroyo (=arroyo southwestern) (Bufo californicus (=microscaphus)) 8 12/16/1994 7/24/1999 F 7/24/1999 75 3,315,000 12 E 8 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Toad, Houston (Bufo houstonensis) 2 10/13/1970 9/17/1984 F 9/17/1984 23 N/A N/A E 2C Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Toad, Puerto Rican crested (Peltophryne lemur) 4 8/4/1987 8/7/1992 F 8/7/1992 17 N/A N/A T 2C Improving 9/21/2007 N/A GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 1 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Toad, Wyoming (Bufo baxteri (=hemiophrys)) 6 1/17/1984 9/11/1991 F 9/11/1991 34 N/A N/A E 2 Stable N/A N/A Arachnids Harvestman, Bee Creek Cave (Texella reddelli) 2 9/16/1988 8/25/1994 F 8/25/1994 21 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 4/23/2007 N/A Harvestman, Bone Cave (Texella reyesi) 2 9/16/1988 8/25/1994 F 8/25/1994 21 N/A N/A E 2C Decreasing 4/23/2007 N/A Harvestman, Cokendolpher Cave (Texella cokendolpheri) 2 12/26/2000 N/A D 5/16/2008 25 140,628,000 25 E 2C Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Meshweaver, Braken Bat Cave (Cicurina venii) 2 12/26/2000 N/A D 5/16/2008 25 140,628,000 25 E 2C Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Meshweaver, Government Canyon Bat Cave (Cicurina vespera) 2 12/26/2000 N/A D 5/16/2008 25 140,628,000 25 E 2C Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Meshweaver, Madla's Cave (Cicurina madla) 2 12/26/2000 N/A D 5/16/2008 25 140,628,000 25 E 2C Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Meshweaver, Robber Baron Cave (Cicurina baronia) 2 12/26/2000 N/A D 5/16/2008 25 140,628,000 25 E 2C Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Pseudoscorpion, Tooth Cave (Tartarocreagris texana) 2 9/16/1988 8/25/1994 F 8/25/1994 21 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 4/23/2007 N/A Spider, Government Canyon Bat Cave (Neoleptoneta microps) 2 12/26/2000 N/A D 5/16/2008 25 140,628,000 25 E 2C Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Spider, Kauai cave wolf or pe'e pe'e maka 'ole (Adelocosa anops) 1 1/14/2000 7/19/2006 F 7/19/2006 18 3,445,000 30 E 1C Stable 7/6/2005 9/29/2006 Spider, spruce-fir moss (Microhexura montivaga) 4 2/6/1995 9/11/1998 F 9/11/1998 10 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 7/29/2008 N/A Spider, Tooth Cave (Leptoneta myopica) 2 9/16/1988 8/25/1994 F 8/25/1994 21 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 4/23/2007 N/A Birds `O`o, Kauai (honeyeater) (Moho braccatus) 1 3/11/1967 7/29/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 4 Unknown 7/6/2005 N/A `O`u (honeycreeper) (Psittirostra psittacea) 1 3/11/1967 2/3/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 4 Unknown 7/6/2005 N/A Akepa, Hawaii (honeycreeper) (Loxops coccineus coccineus) 1 10/13/1970 2/3/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 8 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Akepa, Maui (honeycreeper) (Loxops coccineus ochraceus) 1 10/13/1970 5/30/1984 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 6 Unknown 4/11/2006 N/A Akialoa, Kauai (honeycreeper) (Hemignathus procerus) 1 3/11/1967 7/29/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 5 Unknown 7/6/2005 N/A Akiapola`au (honeycreeper) (Hemignathus munroi) 1 3/11/1967 2/3/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 2 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Albatross, short-tailed (Phoebastria (=Diomedea) albatrus) 7 6/2/1970 N/A D 10/27/2005 55 5,673,000 25 E 8 Improving N/A N/A Blackbird, yellow-shouldered (Agelaius xanthomus) 4 12/12/1976 5/25/1983 RF(1) 11/12/1996 19 N/A N/A E 2 Improving 9/21/2007 N/A Bobwhite, masked (quail) (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi) 2 3/11/1967 1/1/1978 RF(2) 4/21/1995 56 N/A N/A E 6 Decreasing N/A N/A Cahow (Pterodroma cahow) 10 6/2/1970 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 1 Unknown 9/21/2007 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 2 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Caracara, Audubon's crested (Polyborus plancus audubonii) 4 7/6/1987 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A T 8C Unknown 4/16/2008 N/A Condor, California (Gymnogyps californianus) 8 3/11/1967 4/9/1975 RF(3) 4/25/1996 62 N/A N/A E 4C Improving N/A N/A Coot, Hawaiian (Fulica americana alai) 1 10/13/1970 6/19/1978 RD(2) 8/24/2005 57 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Crane, Mississippi sandhill (Grus canadensis pulla) 4 6/4/1973 9/14/1976 RF(3) 9/6/1991 17 N/A N/A E 6C Stable N/A N/A Crane, whooping (Grus americana) 2 3/11/1967 1/23/1980 RF(3) 5/29/2007 43 N/A N/A E 2C Stable N/A N/A Creeper, Hawaii (Oreomystis mana) 1 10/28/1975 2/3/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 8 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Creeper, Molokai (Paroreomyza flammea) 1 10/13/1970 5/30/1984 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 5 Unknown 7/6/2005 N/A Creeper, Oahu (Paroreomyza maculata) 1 10/13/1970 9/14/2006 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 5 Unknown 4/11/2006 N/A Crow, Hawaiian (='alala) (Corvus hawaiiensis) 1 3/11/1967 10/28/1982 RD(1) 12/18/2003 47 N/A N/A E 2C Captivity 3/8/2007 N/A Crow, Mariana (=aga) (Corvus kubaryi) 1 8/27/1984 9/28/1990 RD(1) 1/11/2006 61 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing 7/6/2005 N/A Crow, white-necked (Corvus leucognaphalus) 4 4/3/1991 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 11 Presumed Extirpated N/A N/A Curlew, Eskimo (Numenius borealis) 7 3/11/1967 N/A E N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Presumed Extinct N/A N/A Duck, Hawaiian (=koloa) (Anas wyvilliana) 1 3/11/1967 6/19/1978 RD(2) 8/24/2005 57 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Duck, Laysan (Anas laysanensis) 1 3/11/1967 12/17/1982 RD(1) 11/4/2004 27 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 Eagle, bald (Sonoran desert DPS) (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) 2 5/1/2008 9/8/1982 F 9/8/1982 N/A N/A N/A T 8 Stable N/A N/A Eider, spectacled (Somateria fischeri) 7 5/10/1993 8/12/1996 F 8/12/1996 87 N/A N/A T 5 Unknown N/A N/A Eider, Steller's (Polysticta stelleri) 7 6/11/1997 9/30/2002 F 9/30/2002 112 N/A N/A T 3 Unknown N/A N/A Elepaio, Oahu (Chasiempis sandwichensis ibidis) 1 4/18/2000 9/14/2006 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 3 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Falcon, northern aplomado (Falco femoralis septentrionalis) 2 2/25/1986 6/8/1990 F 6/8/1990 19 N/A N/A E 3 Improving N/A N/A Finch, Laysan (honeycreeper) (Telespyza cantans) 1 3/11/1967 10/4/1984 F 10/4/1984 27 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Finch, Nihoa (honeycreeper) (Telespyza ultima) 1 3/11/1967 10/4/1984 F 10/4/1984 27 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Flycatcher, southwestern willow (Empidonax traillii extimus) 2 2/27/1995 8/30/2002 F 8/30/2002 132 N/A N/A E 3C Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Gnatcatcher, coastal California (Polioptila californica californica) 8 3/30/1993 N/A E N/A N/A N/A N/A T 3C Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Goose, Hawaiian (Branta (=Nesochen) sandvicensis) 1 3/11/1967 2/14/1983 RD(1) 9/24/2004 58 N/A N/A E 2 Improving N/A N/A Hawk, Hawaiian (='lo) (Buteo solitarius) 1 3/11/1967 5/9/1984 F 5/9/1984 12 N/A N/A E 14 Stable 3/8/2007 8/6/2008 Hawk, Puerto Rican broad-winged (Buteo platypterus brunnescens) 4 9/9/1994 9/8/1997 F 9/8/1997 16 N/A N/A E 6 Stable 9/21/2007 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 3 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Hawk, Puerto Rican sharp-shinned (Accipiter striatus venator) 4 9/9/1994 9/8/1997 F 9/8/1997 16 N/A N/A E 3 Unknown 9/21/2007 N/A Honeycreeper, crested (Palmeria dolei) 1 3/11/1967 5/30/1984 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 7 Stable N/A N/A Jay, Florida scrub (Aphelocoma coerulescens) 4 6/3/1987 5/9/1990 F 5/9/1990 19 N/A N/A T 8C Decreasing 2/15/2006 9/28/2007 Kingfisher, Guam Micronesian (Halcyon cinnamomina cinnamomina) 1 8/27/1984 9/28/1990 RF(1) 11/14/2008 N/A 145,830,000 50 E 6 Captivity 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Kite, Everglade snail (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) 4 3/11/1967 3/11/1983 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 3C Decreasing 9/27/2006 9/30/2007 Megapode, Micronesian (Megapodius laperouse) 1 6/2/1970 4/10/1998 F 4/10/1998 16 3,677,000 15 E 9 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Millerbird, Nihoa (old world warbler) (Acrocephalus familiaris kingi) 1 3/11/1967 10/4/1984 F 10/4/1984 27 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown 4/29/2008 N/A Moorhen, Hawaiian common (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) 1 3/11/1967 6/19/1978 RD(2) 8/24/2005 57 N/A N/A E 9 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Moorhen, Mariana common (Gallinula chloropus guami) 1 8/27/1984 9/30/1991 F 9/30/1991 73 N/A N/A E 9C Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Murrelet, marbled (Brachyramphus marmoratus) 1 10/1/1992 9/24/1997 F 9/24/1997 35 N/A N/A T 2C Decreasing 4/21/2003 9/1/2004 Nightjar, Puerto Rican (Caprimulgus noctitherus) 4 6/4/1973 4/19/1984 F 4/19/1984 7 N/A N/A E 5C Stable N/A N/A Nukupu`u (honeycreeper) (Hemignathus lucidus) 1 3/11/1967 7/29/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 5 Unknown 4/11/2006 N/A Owl, Mexican spotted (Strix occidentalis lucida) 2 3/16/1993 10/16/1995 F 10/16/1995 157 N/A N/A T 9C Stable N/A N/A Owl, northern spotted (Strix occidentalis caurina) 1 6/26/1990 5/13/2008 F 5/13/2008 34 489,200,000 30 T 3C Decreasing 4/21/2003 11/15/2004 Palila (honeycreeper) (Loxioides bailleui) 1 3/11/1967 1/23/1978 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 1 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Parrot, Puerto Rican (Amazona vittata) 4 3/11/1967 11/30/1982 RD(1) 6/17/2008 29 14,723,000 13 E 2 Stable 9/12/2005 9/26/2008 Parrotbill, Maui (honeycreeper) (Pseudonestor xanthophrys) 1 3/11/1967 5/30/1984 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 1 Stable N/A N/A Pelican, brown (Pelecanus occidentalis) 8 6/2/1970 12/24/1986 F 02/03/1983, 12/24/1986 63 N/A N/A E 9 Stable 5/24/2006 2/7/2007 Petrel, Hawaiian dark-rumped (Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis) 1 3/11/1967 4/25/1983 F 4/25/1983 38 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Pigeon, Puerto Rican plain (Columba inornata wetmorei) 4 10/13/1970 10/14/1982 F 10/14/1982 40 N/A N/A E 3C Stable 9/12/2005 N/A Plover, piping (Great Lakes watershed) (Charadrius melodus) 3 12/11/1985 9/16/2003 F 9/16/2003 53 N/A N/A E 2C Stable N/A N/A Plover, piping (except Great Lakes watershed) (Charadrius melodus) 5 12/11/1985 3/31/1988 RF(1), F 05/02/1996, 05/12/1988 40 N/A N/A T 2C Stable 9/30/2008 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 4 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Plover, western snowy (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) 8 3/5/1993 N/A F 9/24/2007 94 149,946,000 40 T 3C Decreasing 3/22/2004 6/8/2006 Po`ouli (honeycreeper) (Melamprosops phaeosoma) 1 10/28/1975 5/30/1984 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 4 Unknown 4/11/2006 N/A Prairie-chicken, Attwater's greater (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri) 2 3/11/1967 12/16/1983 RD(2) 11/19/2007 58 124,086,000 50 E 3 Stable 4/23/2007 N/A Rail, California clapper (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) 8 10/13/1970 11/16/1984 F 11/16/1984 69 N/A N/A E 3C Stable N/A N/A Rail, Guam (Rallus owstoni) 1 4/11/1984 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 86 N/A N/A E 2 Captivity 3/8/2007 N/A Rail, light-footed clapper (Rallus longirostris levipes) 8 10/13/1970 7/3/1979 RF(1) 6/24/1985 216 N/A N/A E 6 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Rail, Yuma clapper (Rallus longirostris yumanensis) 2 3/11/1967 2/4/1983 F 2/4/1983 34 N/A N/A E 6 Stable 2/2/2005 9/11/2006 Shearwater, Newell's Townsend's (Puffinus auricularis newelli) 1 10/28/1975 4/25/1983 F 4/25/1983 38 N/A N/A T 3 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Shrike, San Clemente loggerhead (Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi) 8 9/12/1977 1/26/1984 F 1/26/1984 54 N/A N/A E 12 Stable 2/14/2007 N/A Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) 4 3/11/1967 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 3C Decreasing 6/21/2005 N/A Sparrow, Florida grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum floridanus) 4 7/31/1986 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 3C Decreasing 4/26/2007 9/30/2008 Sparrow, San Clemente sage (Amphispiza belli clementeae) 8 9/12/1977 1/26/1984 F 1/26/1984 54 N/A N/A T 9 Stable 3/5/2008 N/A Stilt, Hawaiian (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni) 1 10/13/1970 6/19/1978 RD(2) 8/24/2005 57 N/A N/A E 9 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Stork, wood (Mycteria americana) 4 2/28/1984 9/9/1986 RF(1) 1/27/1997 35 N/A N/A E 5C Stable 9/27/2006 9/21/2007 Swiftlet, Mariana gray (Aerodramus vanikorensis bartschi) 1 8/27/1984 9/30/1991 F 9/30/1991 40 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Tern, California least (Sterna antillarum browni) 8 6/2/1970 4/2/1980 RF(1) 9/27/1985 101 N/A N/A E 18C Decreasing 7/7/2005 9/26/2006 Tern, least (Sterna antillarum) 3 5/28/1985 9/19/1990 F 9/19/1990 82 2,000,000 15 E 3C Unknown 4/22/2008 N/A Tern, roseate (Western hemisphere, except NE U.S.) (Sterna dougallii dougallii) 4 11/2/1987 9/24/1993 F 9/24/1993 18 N/A N/A T 3 Improving N/A N/A Tern, roseate (northeast U.S. nesting population) (Sterna dougallii dougallii) 5 11/2/1987 3/20/1989 RF(1) 11/5/1998 32 N/A N/A E 3 Decreasing N/A N/A Thrush, large Kauai (=kamao) (Myadestes myadestinus) 1 10/13/1970 7/29/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 5 Unknown 7/6/2005 N/A Thrush, Molokai (Myadestes lanaiensis rutha) 1 10/13/1970 5/30/1984 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 5 Unknown 7/6/2005 N/A Thrush, small Kauai (=puaiohi) (Myadestes palmeri) 1 3/11/1967 7/29/1983 RF(1) 9/22/2006 586 2,477,395,000 30 E 2 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Towhee, Inyo California (Pipilo crissalis eremophilus) 8 8/3/1987 4/10/1998 F 4/10/1998 19 N/A N/A T 15 Improving 3/22/2006 9/30/2008 *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 5 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Vireo, black-capped (Vireo atricapilla) 2 10/6/1987 9/30/1991 F 9/30/1991 31 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 2/2/2005 7/26/2007 Vireo, least Bell's (Vireo bellii pusillus) 8 5/2/1986 N/A D 5/6/1998 49 N/A N/A E 9 Stable 7/7/2005 9/26/2006 Warbler (=wood), Bachman's (Vermivora bachmanii) 4 3/11/1967 N/A E N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Presumed Extinct 7/26/2005 2/9/2007 Warbler (=wood), golden-cheeked (Dendroica chrysoparia) 2 5/4/1990 9/30/1992 F 9/30/1992 45 11,889,000 16 E 2C Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Warbler (=wood), Kirtland's (Dendroica kirtlandii) 3 3/11/1967 8/11/1978 F 8/11/1978 37 N/A N/A E 2C Improving 7/27/2007 N/A Warbler, nightingale reed (old world warbler) (Acrocephalus luscinia) 1 6/2/1970 4/10/1998 F 4/10/1998 17 4,150,000 15 E 8C Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A White-eye, bridled (Zosterops conspicillatus conspicillatus) 1 8/27/1984 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 86 N/A N/A E 6 Presumed Extinct 3/8/2007 N/A White-eye, Rota bridled (Zosterops rotensis) 1 1/22/2004 10/19/2007 F 10/19/2007 36 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Woodpecker, ivory-billed (Campephilus principalis) 4 3/11/1967 N/A D 8/22/2007 N/A N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Woodpecker, red-cockaded (Picoides borealis) 4 10/13/1970 8/24/1979 RF(2) 3/20/2003 264 N/A N/A E 8C Improving 9/12/2005 10/5/2006 Clams Acornshell, southern (Epioblasma othcaloogensis) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 5 Presumed Extinct 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Bankclimber, purple (mussel) (Elliptoideus sloatianus) 4 3/16/1998 9/30/2003 F 9/30/2003 28 N/A N/A T 11 Decreasing 9/27/2006 9/17/2007 Bean, Cumberland (pearlymussel) (Villosa trabalis) 4 6/14/1976 8/22/1984 F 8/22/1984 18 N/A N/A E 5C Stable 7/26/2005 N/A Bean, purple (Villosa perpurpurea) 5 1/10/1997 5/24/2004 F 5/24/2004 26 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/21/2006 10/24/2006 Blossom, green (pearlymussel) (Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum) 4 6/14/1976 7/9/1984 F 7/9/1984 18 N/A N/A E 6 Presumed Extinct 9/20/2005 9/21/2007 Blossom, tubercled (pearlymussel) (Epioblasma torulosa torulosa) 4 6/14/1976 1/25/1985 F 1/25/1985 4 N/A N/A E 6 Presumed Extinct 9/20/2005 N/A Blossom, turgid (pearlymussel) (Epioblasma turgidula) 4 6/14/1976 1/25/1985 F 1/25/1985 4 N/A N/A E 5 Presumed Extinct 9/20/2005 9/21/2007 Blossom, yellow (pearlymussel) (Epioblasma florentina florentina) 4 6/14/1976 1/25/1985 F 1/25/1985 4 N/A N/A E 6 Presumed Extinct 9/20/2005 9/21/2007 Catspaw (=purple cat's paw pearlymussel) (Epioblasma obliquata obliquata) 3 7/10/1990 3/10/1992 F 3/10/1992 13 N/A N/A E 6 Decreasing N/A N/A Catspaw, white (pearlymussel) (Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua) 3 6/14/1976 1/25/1990 F 1/25/1990 16 N/A N/A E 6C Decreasing 7/27/2007 N/A Clubshell (Pleurobema clava) 5 1/22/1993 9/21/1994 F 9/21/1994 25 2,722,000 25 E 5 Decreasing 4/21/2006 N/A Clubshell, black (Pleurobema curtum) 4 4/7/1987 11/14/1989 F 11/14/1989 7 N/A N/A E 5C Presumed Extinct 9/8/2006 N/A Clubshell, ovate (Pleurobema perovatum) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Clubshell, southern (Pleurobema decisum) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 6 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Combshell, Cumberlandian (Epioblasma brevidens) 4 1/10/1997 5/24/2004 F 5/24/2004 26 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 9/20/2005 9/19/2007 Combshell, southern (Epioblasma penita) 4 4/7/1987 11/14/1989 F 11/14/1989 7 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 9/8/2006 N/A Combshell, upland (Epioblasma metastriata) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 5 Presumed Extinct 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Elktoe, Appalachian (Alasmidonta raveneliana) 4 11/23/1994 8/26/1996 F 8/26/1996 13 422,500 N/A E 5C Decreasing 9/20/2005 N/A Elktoe, Cumberland (Alasmidonta atropurpurea) 4 1/10/1997 5/24/2004 F 5/24/2004 26 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 9/20/2005 1/24/2007 Fanshell (Cyprogenia stegaria) 4 6/21/1990 7/9/1991 F 7/9/1991 12 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Fatmucket, Arkansas (Lampsilis powellii) 4 4/5/1990 2/10/1992 F 2/10/1992 12 N/A N/A T 8 Decreasing 9/8/2006 N/A Heelsplitter, Alabama (=inflated) (Potamilus inflatus) 4 9/28/1990 4/13/1993 F 4/13/1993 8 N/A N/A T 8C Unknown 7/29/2008 N/A Heelsplitter, Carolina (Lasmigona decorata) 4 6/30/1993 1/17/1997 F 1/17/1997 14 422,500 N/A E 5C Decreasing 7/28/2006 N/A Higgins eye (pearlymussel) (Lampsilis higginsii) 3 6/14/1976 7/29/1983 RF(1) 7/14/2004 50 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing 7/19/2005 5/9/2006 Kidneyshell, triangular (Ptychobranchus greenii) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Lampmussel, Alabama (Lampsilis virescens) 4 6/14/1976 7/2/1985 F 7/2/1985 17 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Lilliput, pale (pearlymussel) (Toxolasma cylindrellus) 4 6/14/1976 8/22/1984 F 8/22/1984 18 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Mapleleaf, winged (Quadrula fragosa) 3 6/20/1991 6/25/1997 F 6/25/1997 77 N/A N/A E 2C Stable N/A N/A Moccasinshell, Alabama (Medionidus acutissimus) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Moccasinshell, Coosa (Medionidus parvulus) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Moccasinshell, Gulf (Medionidus penicillatus) 4 3/16/1998 9/30/2003 F 9/30/2003 28 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 9/17/2007 Moccasinshell, Ochlockonee (Medionidus simpsonianus) 4 3/16/1998 9/30/2003 F 9/30/2003 28 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 9/17/2007 Monkeyface, Appalachian (pearlymussel) (Quadrula sparsa) 5 6/14/1976 7/9/1984 F 7/9/1984 25 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Monkeyface, Cumberland (pearlymussel) (Quadrula intermedia) 4 6/14/1976 7/9/1984 F 7/9/1984 18 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing 9/20/2005 N/A Mucket, orangenacre (Lampsilis perovalis) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Mucket, pink (pearlymussel) (Lampsilis abrupta) 4 6/14/1976 1/24/1985 F 1/24/1985 6 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Mussel, oyster (Epioblasma capsaeformis) 4 1/10/1997 5/24/2004 F 5/24/2004 26 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 9/20/2005 N/A Mussel, scaleshell (Leptodea leptodon) 3 10/9/2001 N/A D 8/6/2004 45 38,613,000 50 E 2 Decreasing 10/4/2007 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 7 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Pearlshell, Louisiana (Margaritifera hembeli) 4 2/5/1988 12/3/1990 F 12/3/1990 6 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 9/8/2006 N/A Pearlymussel, birdwing (Conradilla caelata) 4 6/14/1976 7/9/1984 F 7/9/1984 18 N/A N/A E 4C Stable 7/28/2006 N/A Pearlymussel, cracking (Hemistena lata) 4 9/28/1989 7/11/1991 F 7/11/1991 12 N/A N/A E 4 Unknown 7/28/2006 N/A Pearlymussel, Curtis (Epioblasma florentina curtisii) 3 6/14/1976 2/4/1986 F 2/4/1986 19 N/A N/A E 6 Decreasing 9/21/2006 N/A Pearlymussel, dromedary (Dromus dromas) 4 6/14/1976 7/9/1984 F 7/9/1984 18 N/A N/A E 4C Stable 7/28/2006 N/A Pearlymussel, littlewing (Pegias fabula) 4 11/14/1988 9/22/1989 F 9/22/1989 10 N/A N/A E 4 Decreasing 7/28/2006 N/A Pigtoe, Cumberland (Pleurobema gibberum) 4 5/7/1991 8/13/1992 F 8/13/1992 14 618,500 N/A E 5 Unknown 9/21/2007 N/A Pigtoe, dark (Pleurobema furvum) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Pigtoe, finerayed (Fusconaia cuneolus) 4 6/14/1976 9/19/1984 F 9/19/1984 15 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 7/28/2006 N/A Pigtoe, flat (Pleurobema marshalli) 4 4/7/1987 11/14/1989 F 11/14/1989 7 N/A N/A E 5 Presumed Extinct 9/8/2006 N/A Pigtoe, heavy (Pleurobema taitianum) 4 4/7/1987 11/14/1989 F 11/14/1989 7 N/A N/A E 5C Unknown 9/8/2006 N/A Pigtoe, oval (Pleurobema pyriforme) 4 3/16/1998 9/30/2003 F 9/30/2003 28 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 9/17/2007 Pigtoe, rough (Pleurobema plenum) 4 6/14/1976 8/6/1984 F 8/6/1984 18 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 9/21/2007 N/A Pigtoe, shiny (Fusconaia cor) 4 6/14/1976 7/9/1984 F 7/9/1984 12 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/28/2006 N/A Pigtoe, southern (Pleurobema georgianum) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Pimpleback, orangefoot (pearlymussel) (Plethobasus cooperianus) 4 6/14/1976 9/30/1984 F 9/30/1984 18 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 9/21/2007 N/A Pocketbook, fat (Potamilus capax) 4 6/14/1976 10/4/1985 F 11/14/1989 10 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 8/2/2007 N/A Pocketbook, finelined (Lampsilis altilis) 4 3/17/1993 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 6/14/2005 4/7/2008 Pocketbook, Ouachita rock (Arkansia wheeleri) 2 10/23/1991 9/27/2002 F 6/2/2004 43 N/A N/A E 4C Decreasing 4/23/2007 N/A Pocketbook, shinyrayed (Lampsilis subangulata) 4 3/16/1998 9/30/2003 F 9/30/2003 28 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 9/17/2007 Pocketbook, speckled (Lampsilis streckeri) 4 2/28/1989 1/2/1992 F 1/2/1992 12 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 7/26/2005 1/9/2007 Rabbitsfoot, rough (Quadrula cylindrica strigillata) 5 1/10/1997 5/24/2004 F 5/24/2004 26 N/A N/A E 6 Decreasing 1/16/2008 N/A Riffleshell, northern (Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) 5 1/22/1993 9/21/1994 F 9/21/1994 25 2,722,000 25 E 6 Stable 4/21/2006 N/A Riffleshell, tan (Epioblasma florentina walkeri (=E. walkeri)) 4 9/26/1977 10/22/1984 F 10/22/1984 12 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 9/21/2007 N/A Ring pink (mussel) (Obovaria retusa) 4 9/29/1989 3/25/1991 F 3/25/1991 12 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 7/28/2006 N/A Slabshell, Chipola (Elliptio chipolaensis) 4 3/16/1998 9/30/2003 F 9/30/2003 28 N/A N/A T 11 Stable 9/27/2006 9/17/2007 Spinymussel, James (Pleurobema collina) 5 7/22/1988 9/24/1990 F 9/24/1990 14 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 1/16/2008 N/A Spinymussel, Tar River (Elliptio steinstansana) 4 6/27/1985 1/16/1987 RF(1) 5/5/1992 14 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing N/A N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 8 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Stirrupshell (Quadrula stapes) 4 4/7/1987 11/14/1989 F 11/14/1989 7 N/A N/A E 5 Extinct 9/8/2006 N/A Three-ridge, fat (mussel) (Amblema neislerii) 4 3/16/1998 9/30/2003 F 9/30/2003 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 9/27/2006 9/17/2007 Wartyback, white (pearlymussel) (Plethobasus cicatricosus) 4 6/14/1976 9/19/1984 F 9/19/1984 18 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/21/2007 N/A Wedgemussel, dwarf (Alasmidonta heterodon) 5 3/14/1990 2/8/1993 F 2/8/1993 17 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 4/21/2006 7/25/2007 Conifers and Cycads Cypress, Gowen (Cupressus goveniana ssp. goveniana) 8 8/12/1998 12/20/2004 F 6/17/2005 46 N/A N/A T 8C Stable 2/14/2007 3/31/2008 Cypress, Santa Cruz (Cupressus abramsiana) 8 1/8/1987 9/26/1998 F 9/26/1998 26 51,500 5 E 14 Stable 2/14/2007 N/A Torreya, Florida (Torreya taxifolia) 4 1/23/1984 9/9/1986 F 9/9/1986 40 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Crustaceans Amphipod, Hay's Spring (Stygobromus hayi) 5 2/5/1982 N/A E N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Stable 1/29/2007 12/19/2007 Amphipod, Illinois cave (Gammarus acherondytes) 3 9/3/1998 9/20/2002 F 9/20/2002 28 8,250,000 20 E 2C Unknown 4/22/2008 N/A Amphipod, Kauai cave (Spelaeorchestia koloana) 1 1/14/2000 7/19/2006 F 7/19/2006 18 3,445,000 30 E 1C Stable 7/6/2005 9/29/2006 Amphipod, Noel's (Gammarus desperatus) 2 8/9/2005 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Stable N/A N/A Amphipod, Peck's cave (Stygobromus (=Stygonectes) pecki) 2 12/18/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2C Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Crayfish, cave (Cambarus aculabrum) 4 4/27/1993 10/30/1996 F 10/30/1996 11 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Crayfish, cave (Cambarus zophonastes) 4 4/7/1987 9/26/1988 F 9/26/1988 10 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 8/2/2007 N/A Crayfish, Nashville (Orconectes shoupi) 4 9/26/1986 8/12/1987 RF(1) 2/8/1989 11 N/A N/A E 11C Stable 9/21/2007 N/A Crayfish, Shasta (Pacifastacus fortis) 8 9/30/1988 8/28/1998 F 8/28/1998 81 4,500,000 15 E 5 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Fairy shrimp, Conservancy (Branchinecta conservatio) 8 9/19/1994 3/7/2006 F 12/15/2005 192 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 3/22/2006 9/24/2007 Fairy shrimp, longhorn (Branchinecta longiantenna) 8 9/19/1994 3/7/2006 F 12/15/2005 192 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 3/22/2006 9/28/2007 Fairy shrimp, Riverside (Streptocephalus woottoni) 8 8/3/1993 9/3/1998 F 9/3/1998 14 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing 3/22/2006 9/30/2008 Fairy shrimp, San Diego (Branchinecta sandiegonensis) 8 2/3/1997 9/3/1998 F 9/3/1998 14 N/A N/A E 2C Stable 3/22/2006 9/30/2008 Fairy shrimp, vernal pool (Branchinecta lynchi) 8 9/19/1994 3/7/2006 F 12/15/2005 192 N/A N/A T 2C Unknown 3/22/2006 9/28/2007 Isopod, Lee County cave (Lirceus usdagalun) 5 11/20/1992 9/30/1997 F 9/30/1997 21 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 1/29/2007 9/30/2008 Isopod, Madison Cave (Antrolana lira) 5 10/4/1982 9/30/1996 F 9/30/1996 10 419,000 10 T 4 Unknown N/A N/A Isopod, Socorro (Thermosphaeroma thermophilus) 2 4/26/1978 2/16/1982 F 2/16/1982 17 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 3/20/2008 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 9 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Shrimp, Alabama cave (Palaemonias alabamae) 4 9/7/1988 9/4/1997 F 9/4/1997 14 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 6/14/2005 8/29/2006 Shrimp, California freshwater (Syncaris pacifica) 8 10/31/1988 7/31/1998 F 7/31/1998 42 39,747,000 10 E 8C Unknown 3/22/2006 1/10/2008 Shrimp, Kentucky cave (Palaemonias ganteri) 4 10/12/1983 10/7/1988 F 10/7/1988 11 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/21/2007 N/A Shrimp, Squirrel Chimney Cave (Palaemonetes cummingi) 4 6/21/1990 N/A E N/A N/A N/A N/A T 5C Unknown 4/26/2007 6/28/2008 Tadpole shrimp, vernal pool (Lepidurus packardi) 8 9/19/1994 3/7/2006 F 12/15/2005 192 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 2/22/2006 9/28/2007 Ferns and Allies Diellia, asplenium-leaved (Diellia erecta) 1 11/10/1994 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 2 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Fern, Alabama streak-sorus (Thelypteris pilosa var. alabamensis) 4 7/8/1992 10/25/1996 F 10/25/1996 8 N/A N/A T 9 Stable 9/8/2006 N/A Fern, Aleutian shield (Polystichum aleuticum) 7 2/17/1988 9/30/1992 F 9/30/1992 N/A N/A N/A E 8 Stable 8/31/2005 9/26/2007 Fern, American hart's-tongue (Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum) 4 7/14/1989 9/15/1993 F 9/15/1993 16 373,200 6 T 9 Unknown 7/28/2006 N/A Fern, Elfin tree (Cyathea dryopteroides) 4 6/16/1987 1/31/1991 F 1/31/1991 19 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 N/A Fern, pendant kihi (Adenophorus periens) 1 11/10/1994 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 11 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Ihi`ihi (Marsilea villosa) 1 6/22/1992 4/18/1996 F 4/18/1996 65 N/A N/A E 8 Improving N/A N/A No common name (Adiantum vivesii) 4 6/9/1993 1/17/1995 F 1/17/1995 19 N/A N/A E 17 Stable 9/12/2005 6/10/2008 No common name (Asplenium fragile var. insulare) 1 9/26/1994 4/10/1998 F 4/10/1998 23 4,742,000 15 E 6 Decreasing N/A N/A No common name (Diellia falcata) 1 10/29/1991 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing N/A N/A No common name (Diellia pallida) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 No common name (Diellia unisora) 1 6/27/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 11 Decreasing N/A N/A No common name (Diplazium molokaiense) 1 9/26/1994 4/10/1998 F 4/10/1998 23 4,742,000 15 E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A No common name (Elaphoglossum serpens) 4 6/9/1993 1/17/1995 F 1/17/1995 19 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 N/A No common name (Polystichum calderonense) 4 6/9/1993 1/17/1995 F 1/17/1995 19 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 N/A No common name (Pteris lidgatei) 1 9/26/1994 4/10/1998 F 4/10/1998 23 4,742,000 15 E 5 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A No common name (Tectaria estremerana) 4 6/9/1993 1/17/1995 F 1/17/1995 19 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 9/27/2006 N/A No common name (Thelypteris inabonensis) 4 7/2/1993 1/17/1995 F 1/17/1995 19 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 N/A No common name (Thelypteris verecunda) 4 7/2/1993 1/17/1995 F 1/17/1995 19 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 N/A No common name (Thelypteris yaucoensis) 4 7/2/1993 1/17/1995 F 1/17/1995 19 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/27/2006 N/A Pauoa (Ctenitis squamigera) 1 9/26/1994 4/10/1998 F 4/10/1998 23 4,742,000 15 E 5 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 10 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Quillwort, black spored (Isoetes melanospora) 4 2/5/1988 7/7/1993 F 7/7/1993 10 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 7/26/2005 9/30/2008 Quillwort, Louisiana (Isoetes louisianensis) 4 10/28/1992 9/30/1996 F 9/30/1996 10 N/A N/A E 14 Stable N/A N/A Quillwort, mat-forming (Isoetes tegetiformans) 4 2/5/1988 7/7/1993 F 7/7/1993 10 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 7/26/2005 9/30/2008 Wawae`iole (Huperzia mannii) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 2 Stable N/A N/A Wawae`iole (Lycopodium (=Phlegmariurus) nutans) 1 3/28/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Fishes Catfish, Yaqui (Ictalurus pricei) 2 8/31/1984 3/29/1995 F 3/29/1995 33 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Cavefish, Alabama (Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni) 4 10/11/1977 9/16/1982 RF(2) 10/25/1990 16 N/A N/A E 1 Stable 9/8/2006 N/A Cavefish, Ozark (Amblyopsis rosae) 4 11/1/1984 12/17/1986 F 12/17/1986 10 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 9/8/2006 N/A Chub, bonytail (Gila elegans) 6 4/23/1980 5/16/1984 RF(2) 8/1/2002 54 N/A N/A E 5C Improving 4/18/2007 N/A Chub, Borax Lake (Gila boraxobius) 1 5/28/1980 2/4/1987 F 2/4/1987 21 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 4/11/2006 N/A Chub, Chihuahua (Gila nigrescens) 2 10/11/1983 4/14/1986 F 4/14/1986 12 N/A N/A T 2 Stable 9/21/2007 N/A Chub, Gila (Gila intermedia) 2 11/2/2005 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2C Stable N/A N/A Chub, humpback (Gila cypha) 6 3/11/1967 8/22/1979 RF(2) 9/19/1990 36 N/A N/A E 2C Stable 4/18/2007 N/A Chub, Hutton tui (Gila bicolor ssp.) 1 3/28/1985 4/27/1998 F 4/27/1998 30 4,200,000 10 T 15 Stable 4/11/2006 2/12/2008 Chub, Mohave tui (Gila bicolor mohavensis) 8 10/13/1970 9/12/1984 F 9/12/1984 49 N/A N/A E 6 Stable 3/5/2008 N/A Chub, Oregon (Oregonichthys crameri) 1 10/18/1993 9/3/1998 F 9/3/1998 77 N/A N/A E 8 Improving 3/8/2007 2/11/2008 Chub, Owens tui (Gila bicolor snyderi) 8 8/5/1985 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 100 N/A N/A E 9 Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Chub, Pahranagat roundtail (Gila robusta jordani) 8 10/13/1970 5/26/1998 F 5/26/1998 12 N/A N/A E 3C Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Chub, slender (Erimystax cahni) 4 10/11/1977 7/29/1983 F 7/29/1983 16 N/A N/A T 5 Unknown 7/29/2008 N/A Chub, Sonora (Gila ditaenia) 2 4/30/1986 9/30/1992 F 9/30/1992 22 N/A N/A T 2C Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Chub, spotfin (Erimonax monachus) 4 10/11/1977 11/21/1983 F 11/21/1983 16 N/A N/A T 11 Improving N/A N/A Chub, Virgin River (Gila seminuda (=robusta)) 6 8/24/1989 7/9/1979 RF(2) 4/19/1995 40 N/A N/A E 2C Decreasing 4/7/2006 3/28/2008 Chub, Yaqui (Gila purpurea) 2 8/31/1984 3/29/1995 F 3/29/1995 33 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Cui-ui (Chasmistes cujus) 8 3/11/1967 1/23/1978 RF(2) 5/15/1992 44 13,959,000 25 E 14 Stable N/A N/A Dace, Ash Meadows speckled (Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis) 8 5/10/1982 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A E 9 Stable N/A N/A Dace, blackside (Phoxinus cumberlandensis) 4 6/12/1987 8/17/1988 F 8/17/1988 11 N/A N/A T 11 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Dace, Clover Valley speckled (Rhinichthys osculus oligoporus) 8 10/10/1989 5/12/1998 F 5/12/1998 11 N/A N/A E 9C Unknown 2/14/2007 N/A Dace, desert (Eremichthys acros) 8 3/11/1967 5/27/1997 F 5/27/1997 6 N/A N/A T 7C Stable 3/22/2006 N/A Dace, Foskett speckled (Rhinichthys osculus ssp.) 1 3/28/1985 4/27/1998 F 4/27/1998 30 4,200,000 10 T 15 Stable 4/11/2006 N/A Dace, Independence Valley speckled (Rhinichthys osculus lethoporus) 8 10/10/1989 5/12/1998 F 5/12/1998 11 N/A N/A E 9C Unknown 2/14/2007 7/10/2008 *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 11 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Dace, Kendall Warm Springs (Rhinichthys osculus thermalis) 6 10/13/1970 7/12/1982 F 7/12/1982 22 N/A N/A E 12C Decreasing 9/20/2006 10/10/2007 Dace, Moapa (Moapa coriacea) 8 3/11/1967 2/14/1983 RF(1) 5/16/1996 6 N/A N/A E 1 Decreasing N/A N/A Darter, amber (Percina antesella) 4 8/5/1985 6/20/1986 F 6/20/1986 11 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Darter, bayou (Etheostoma rubrum) 4 10/28/1975 9/8/1983 RF(1) 7/10/1990 23 226,420 20 T 8C Stable 9/8/2006 N/A Darter, bluemask (=jewel) (Etheostoma sp.) 4 12/27/1993 7/25/1997 F 7/25/1997 11 N/A N/A E 5 Stable N/A N/A Darter, boulder (Etheostoma wapiti) 4 9/1/1988 7/27/1989 F 7/27/1989 10 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 9/21/2007 N/A Darter, Cherokee (Etheostoma scotti) 4 12/20/1994 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A T 2C Unknown N/A N/A Darter, duskytail (Etheostoma percnurum) 4 4/27/1993 3/30/1994 F 3/30/1994 11 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 7/28/2006 N/A Darter, Etowah (Etheostoma etowahae) 4 12/20/1994 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Darter, fountain (Etheostoma fonticola) 2 10/13/1970 4/8/1985 RF(1) 2/14/1996 36 N/A N/A E 2C Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Darter, goldline (Percina aurolineata) 4 4/22/1992 11/17/2000 F 11/17/2000 29 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 8/2/2007 N/A Darter, leopard (Percina pantherina) 2 2/27/1978 9/20/1984 RD(1) 5/3/1993 17 N/A N/A T 11C Stable 4/21/2006 N/A Darter, Maryland (Etheostoma sellare) 5 3/11/1967 2/2/1982 F 2/2/1982 28 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 1/29/2007 10/5/2007 Darter, Niangua (Etheostoma nianguae) 3 6/12/1985 7/17/1989 F 7/17/1989 11 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 10/4/2007 N/A Darter, Okaloosa (Etheostoma okaloosae) 4 6/4/1973 10/23/1981 RF(1) 10/26/1998 29 N/A N/A E 11 Stable 6/21/2005 7/2/2007 Darter, relict (Etheostoma chienense) 4 12/27/1993 N/A D 7/31/1994 11 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 9/21/2007 N/A Darter, slackwater (Etheostoma boschungi) 4 10/11/1977 3/8/1984 F 3/8/1984 12 N/A N/A T 8 Decreasing 8/10/2005 6/24/2008 Darter, snail (Percina tanasi) 4 11/10/1975 5/5/1983 F 5/5/1983 17 N/A N/A T 11 Stable 7/28/2006 N/A Darter, vermilion (Etheostoma chermocki) 4 11/28/2001 8/6/2007 F 8/6/2007 17 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Darter, watercress (Etheostoma nuchale) 4 10/13/1970 6/25/1980 RF(2) 3/29/1993 12 N/A N/A E 2 Improving 6/14/2005 N/A Gambusia, Big Bend (Gambusia gaigei) 2 3/11/1967 9/19/1984 F 9/19/1984 16 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Gambusia, Clear Creek (Gambusia heterochir) 2 3/11/1967 1/14/1982 F 1/14/1982 33 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Gambusia, Pecos (Gambusia nobilis) 2 10/13/1970 5/9/1985 F 5/9/1985 20 N/A N/A E 2 Stable N/A N/A Gambusia, San Marcos (Gambusia georgei) 2 7/14/1980 4/8/1985 RF(1) 2/14/1996 36 N/A N/A E 2C Presumed Extinct 3/20/2008 N/A Goby, tidewater (Eucyclogobius newberryi) 8 2/4/1994 1/23/2006 F 12/7/2005 34 N/A N/A E 7C Stable 3/22/2006 9/28/2007 Logperch, Conasauga (Percina jenkinsi) 4 8/5/1985 6/20/1986 F 6/20/1986 11 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 7/26/2005 N/A Logperch, Roanoke (Percina rex) 5 8/18/1989 3/20/1992 F 3/20/1992 13 N/A N/A E 5C Improving 6/1/2006 9/19/2007 Madtom, Neosho (Noturus placidus) 6 5/22/1990 9/30/1991 F 9/30/1991 35 412,000 5 T 8C Unknown N/A N/A Madtom, pygmy (Noturus stanauli) 4 4/27/1993 9/27/1994 F 9/27/1994 11 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Madtom, Scioto (Noturus trautmani) 3 10/28/1975 N/A E N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Presumed Extinct N/A N/A Madtom, smoky (Noturus baileyi) 4 10/26/1984 8/9/1985 F 8/9/1985 11 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 7/28/2006 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 12 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Madtom, yellowfin (Noturus flavipinnis) 4 10/11/1977 6/23/1983 F 6/23/1983 16 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 7/28/2006 N/A Minnow, Devils River (Dionda diaboli) 2 10/20/1999 9/13/2005 F 9/13/2005 38 2,920,000 9 T 2 Stable 4/23/2007 9/11/2008 Minnow, loach (Tiaroga cobitis) 2 10/28/1986 9/30/1991 F 9/30/1991 33 N/A N/A T 4C Decreasing 4/23/2007 N/A Minnow, Rio Grande silvery (Hybognathus amarus) 2 7/20/1994 7/8/1999 RD(1) 1/18/2007 69 114,125,000 30 E 2C Improving N/A N/A Pikeminnow (=squawfish), Colorado (Ptychocheilus lucius) 6 3/11/1967 3/16/1978 RF(2) 8/28/2002 33 N/A N/A E 8C Stable 4/18/2007 N/A Poolfish, Pahrump (Empetrichthys latos) 8 3/11/1967 3/17/1980 F 3/17/1980 58 N/A N/A E 11 Decreasing 3/22/2006 N/A Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa (Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes) 8 5/10/1982 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A E 15 Stable 3/22/2006 N/A Pupfish, Comanche Springs (Cyprinodon elegans) 2 3/11/1967 9/2/1981 F 9/2/1981 19 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Pupfish, desert (Cyprinodon macularius) 2 3/31/1986 12/8/1993 F 12/8/1993 11 N/A N/A E 2C Improving 4/21/2006 N/A Pupfish, Devils Hole (Cyprinodon diabolis) 8 3/11/1967 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A E 5 Stable N/A N/A Pupfish, Leon Springs (Cyprinodon bovinus) 2 8/15/1980 8/14/1985 F 8/14/1985 19 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Pupfish, Owens (Cyprinodon radiosus) 8 3/11/1967 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 100 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Pupfish, Warm Springs (Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis) 8 10/13/1970 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A E 9 Stable N/A N/A Salmon, Atlantic (Salmo salar) 5 11/17/2000 12/20/2005 F 4/7/2006 160 N/A N/A E 6C Decreasing N/A N/A Sculpin, pygmy (Cottus paulus (=pygmaeus)) 4 9/28/1989 8/6/1991 F 8/6/1991 10 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 6/14/2005 7/28/2008 Shiner, Arkansas River (Notropis girardi) 2 11/23/1998 N/A D 9/12/2008 13 N/A N/A T 5C Decreasing N/A N/A Shiner, beautiful (Cyprinella formosa) 2 8/31/1984 3/29/1995 F 3/29/1995 33 N/A N/A T 2 Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Shiner, blue (Cyprinella caerulea) 4 4/22/1992 8/30/1995 F 8/30/1995 11 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 8/2/2007 N/A Shiner, Cahaba (Notropis cahabae) 4 10/25/1990 4/23/1992 F 4/23/1992 4 N/A N/A E 2 Improving N/A N/A Shiner, Cape Fear (Notropis mekistocholas) 4 9/25/1987 10/7/1988 F 10/7/1988 10 N/A N/A E 5 Stable N/A N/A Shiner, palezone (Notropis albizonatus) 4 4/27/1993 7/7/1997 F 7/7/1997 11 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Shiner, Pecos bluntnose (Notropis simus pecosensis) 2 2/20/1987 9/30/1992 F 9/30/1992 23 N/A N/A T 3 Improving 4/21/2006 N/A Shiner, Topeka (Notropis topeka (=tristis)) 6 12/15/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 8C Stable 12/8/2004 N/A Silverside, Waccamaw (Menidia extensa) 4 4/8/1987 8/11/1993 F 8/11/1993 13 N/A N/A T 8 Stable N/A N/A Smelt, delta (Hypomesus transpacificus) 8 3/5/1993 11/26/1996 F 11/26/1996 74 N/A N/A T 2C Stable 8/1/2003 3/31/2004 Spikedace (Meda fulgida) 2 7/1/1986 9/30/1991 F 9/30/1991 34 N/A N/A T 4C Decreasing 4/23/2007 N/A Spinedace, Big Spring (Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis) 8 3/28/1985 1/20/1994 F 1/20/1994 26 196,000 13 T 3 Unknown N/A N/A Spinedace, Little Colorado (Lepidomeda vittata) 2 3/11/1967 1/9/1998 F 1/9/1998 46 2,405,000 10 T 5C Decreasing 1/11/2006 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 13 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Spinedace, White River (Lepidomeda albivallis) 8 9/12/1985 3/28/1994 F 3/28/1994 19 N/A N/A E 2C Stable 3/22/2006 N/A Springfish, Hiko White River (Crenichthys baileyi grandis) 8 9/27/1985 5/26/1998 F 5/26/1998 12 N/A N/A E 3C Unknown 2/14/2007 N/A Springfish, Railroad Valley (Crenichthys nevadae) 8 3/31/1986 3/15/1997 F 3/15/1997 12 570,000 7 T 2C Stable 2/14/2007 N/A Springfish, White River (Crenichthys baileyi baileyi) 8 9/27/1985 5/26/1998 F 5/26/1998 12 N/A N/A E 3C Stable 2/14/2007 N/A Stickleback, unarmored threespine (Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni) 8 10/13/1970 12/27/1977 RF(1) 12/26/1985 39 N/A N/A E 3 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Sturgeon, Alabama (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi) 4 5/5/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Sturgeon, gulf (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) 4 9/30/1991 9/22/1995 F 9/22/1995 37 N/A N/A T 12 Stable 4/16/2008 N/A Sturgeon, pallid (Scaphirhynchus albus) 6 9/6/1990 11/7/1993 F 11/7/1993 61 N/A N/A E 2C Improving 7/7/2005 6/13/2007 Sturgeon, white (Acipenser transmontanus) 1 9/6/1994 9/30/1999 F 9/30/1999 54 N/A N/A E 3C Decreasing N/A N/A Sucker, June (Chasmistes liorus) 6 3/31/1986 6/25/1999 F 6/25/1999 58 50,000,000 40 E 5C Improving N/A N/A Sucker, Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) 8 7/18/1988 3/17/1993 F 3/17/1993 85 N/A N/A E 4C Improving 7/21/2004 7/19/2007 Sucker, Modoc (Catostomus microps) 8 6/11/1985 N/A E N/A 35 N/A N/A E 14 Unknown 3/22/2006 N/A Sucker, razorback (Xyrauchen texanus) 6 10/23/1991 12/23/1998 RF(1) 8/28/2002 55 N/A N/A E 1C Improving 4/18/2007 N/A Sucker, Santa Ana (Catostomus santaanae) 8 4/12/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 5C Unknown N/A N/A Sucker, shortnose (Chasmistes brevirostris) 8 7/18/1988 3/17/1993 F 3/17/1993 85 N/A N/A E 4C Decreasing 7/21/2004 7/19/2007 Sucker, Warner (Catostomus warnerensis) 1 9/27/1985 4/27/1998 F 4/27/1998 30 4,200,000 10 T 2C Unknown 4/11/2006 N/A Topminnow, Gila (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) 2 3/11/1967 3/15/1984 RD(1) 3/5/1999 N/A 3,397,000 20 E 3C Improving 4/23/2007 N/A Trout, Apache (Oncorhynchus apache) 2 3/11/1967 8/20/1979 RD(2) 7/27/2007 11 N/A N/A T 14C Improving 4/21/2006 N/A Trout, bull (Salvelinus confluentus) 1 6/10/1998 N/A D 7/1/2004 1670 N/A N/A T 9C Stable 4/13/2004 4/25/2008 Trout, Gila (Oncorhynchus gilae) 2 3/11/1967 1/12/1979 RF(3) 9/10/2003 14 2,839,000 13 T 8 Stable N/A N/A Trout, greenback cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarki stomias) 6 3/11/1967 11/11/1977 RF(2) 3/1/1998 37 634,000 5 T 15 Stable 12/14/2005 N/A Trout, Lahontan cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) 8 10/13/1970 1/30/1995 F 1/30/1995 117 N/A N/A T 3C Decreasing 7/1/2007 N/A Trout, Little Kern golden (Oncorhynchus aguabonita whitei) 8 5/15/1978 N/A E N/A N/A N/A N/A T 9 Stable N/A N/A Trout, Paiute cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris) 8 3/11/1967 1/25/1985 RF(1) 9/10/2004 42 N/A N/A T 9 Stable 3/22/2006 7/10/2008 Woundfin (Plagopterus argentissimus) 6 10/13/1970 7/9/1979 RF(2) 4/19/1995 40 N/A N/A E 1C Decreasing 4/7/2006 3/28/2008 Flowering Plants `Ahinahina (Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. macrocephalum) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A T 9 Decreasing N/A N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 14 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS `Ahinahina (Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. sandwicense) 1 3/21/1986 9/30/1993 F 9/30/1993 31 N/A N/A E 6 Stable N/A N/A `Aiakeakua, popolo (Solanum sandwicense) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A `Aiea (Nothocestrum breviflorum) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Stable N/A N/A `Aiea (Nothocestrum peltatum) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A `Akoko (Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana) 1 10/29/1991 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 9 Stable 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 `Akoko (Chamaesyce deppeana) 1 3/28/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 `Akoko (Chamaesyce herbstii) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 `Akoko (Chamaesyce kuwaleana) 1 10/29/1991 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing N/A N/A `Akoko (Chamaesyce rockii) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing N/A N/A `Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana) 1 10/10/1996 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A `Akoko, Ewa Plains (Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. kalaeloana) 1 8/24/1982 N/A D 10/5/1993 50 N/A N/A E 6 Stable 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 `Anaunau (Lepidium arbuscula) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A `Anunu (Sicyos alba) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A `Awikiwiki (Canavalia molokaiensis) 1 10/8/1992 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 29 24,784,000 21 E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A `Oha wai (Clermontia drepanomorpha) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A `Oha wai (Clermontia lindseyana) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A `Oha wai (Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes) 1 10/8/1992 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 29 24,784,000 21 E 6 Decreasing N/A N/A `Oha wai (Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. mauiensis) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 6 Decreasing N/A N/A `Oha wai (Clermontia peleana) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 `Oha wai (Clermontia pyrularia) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 `Oha wai (Clermontia samuelii) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A `Ohe`ohe (Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa) 1 3/28/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A A`e (Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 6 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A A`e (Zanthoxylum hawaiiense) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Alani (Melicope adscendens) 1 12/5/1994 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Alani (Melicope balloui) 1 12/5/1994 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Alani (Melicope haupuensis) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Alani (Melicope knudsenii) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Alani (Melicope lydgatei) 1 3/28/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Alani (Melicope mucronulata) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Alani (Melicope munroi) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Alani (Melicope ovalis) 1 12/5/1994 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Alani (Melicope pallida) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Alani (Melicope quadrangularis) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Alani (Melicope reflexa) 1 10/8/1992 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 29 24,784,000 21 E 8 Decreasing N/A N/A Alani (Melicope saint-johnii) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing N/A N/A Alani (Melicope zahlbruckneri) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 15 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Allocarya, Calistoga (Plagiobothrys strictus) 8 10/22/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Alopecurus, Sonoma (Alopecurus aequalis var. sonomensis) 8 10/22/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 9 Unknown N/A N/A Amaranth, seabeach (Amaranthus pumilus) 4 4/7/1993 11/12/1996 F 11/12/1996 11 N/A N/A T 8C Decreasing 9/20/2005 7/19/2007 Ambrosia, San Diego (Ambrosia pumila) 8 7/2/2002 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Ambrosia, south Texas (Ambrosia cheiranthifolia) 2 8/24/1994 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 8 Stable 3/20/2008 N/A Amole, purple (Chlorogalum purpureum) 8 3/20/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 8 Stable 2/14/2007 9/30/2008 Amphianthus, little (Amphianthus pusillus) 4 2/5/1988 7/7/1993 F 7/7/1993 10 N/A N/A T 13 Decreasing 7/26/2005 9/30/2008 Arrowhead, bunched (Sagittaria fasciculata) 4 8/31/1979 9/8/1983 F 9/8/1983 13 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown N/A N/A Aster, decurrent false (Boltonia decurrens) 3 11/14/1988 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 29 58,100 7 T 8 Decreasing 3/30/2006 N/A Aster, Florida golden (Chrysopsis floridana) 4 5/16/1986 8/29/1988 F 8/29/1988 13 N/A N/A E 5 Improving 4/16/2008 N/A Aster, Ruth's golden (Pityopsis ruthii) 4 7/18/1985 6/11/1992 F 6/11/1992 18 162,500 6 E 5C Stable 7/28/2006 N/A Aupaka (Isodendrion hosakae) 1 1/14/1991 5/23/1994 F 5/23/1994 38 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium) 1 10/10/1996 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 8 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium) 1 10/10/1996 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 T 8 Decreasing N/A N/A Avens, spreading (Geum radiatum) 4 4/5/1990 4/28/1993 F 4/28/1993 16 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides) 1 10/29/1991 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 2 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Awiwi (Hedyotis cookiana) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Ayenia, Texas (Ayenia limitaris) 2 8/24/1994 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/20/2008 N/A Baccharis, Encinitas (Baccharis vanessae) 8 10/7/1996 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 5C Decreasing N/A N/A Barberry, island (Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 E 6 Decreasing 2/14/2007 7/10/2008 Barberry, Nevin's (Berberis nevinii) 8 10/13/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Bariaco (Trichilia triacantha) 4 2/5/1988 8/20/1991 F 8/20/1991 21 N/A N/A E 11 Stable N/A N/A Beaked-rush, Knieskern's (Rhynchospora knieskernii) 5 7/18/1991 9/29/1993 F 9/29/1993 15 78,000 4 T 14 Unknown 1/29/2007 8/27/2008 Beardtongue, Penland (Penstemon penlandii) 6 7/13/1989 9/30/1992 F 9/30/1992 13 N/A N/A E 14 Stable N/A N/A Beargrass, Britton's (Nolina brittoniana) 4 4/27/1993 6/20/1996 RF(1) 6/20/1996 35 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown N/A N/A Bear-poppy, dwarf (Arctomecon humilis) 6 12/6/1979 12/31/1985 F 12/31/1985 22 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing N/A N/A Beauty, Harper's (Harperocallis flava) 4 11/1/1979 9/14/1983 F 9/14/1983 24 N/A N/A E 7 Stable 4/16/2008 N/A Bedstraw, El Dorado (Galium californicum ssp. sierrae) 8 10/18/1996 8/30/2002 F 8/30/2002 52 N/A N/A E 6C Stable N/A N/A Bedstraw, island (Galium buxifolium) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 E 2 Stable N/A N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 16 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Bellflower, Brooksville (Campanula robinsiae) 4 7/27/1989 6/20/1994 F 6/20/1994 23 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing N/A N/A Birch, Virginia round-leaf (Betula uber) 5 5/27/1978 3/3/1982 RF(2) 9/24/1990 10 321,500 10 T 14 Stable 7/1/2005 10/4/2006 Bird's beak, palmate-bracted (Cordylanthus palmatus) 8 7/1/1986 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 223 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 2/14/2007 N/A Bird's-beak, Pennell's (Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris) 8 2/3/1995 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 180 N/A N/A E 6 Unknown N/A N/A Bird's-beak, salt marsh (Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. maritimus) 8 10/29/1978 12/6/1985 F 12/6/1985 78 N/A N/A E 6 Unknown 2/14/2007 N/A Bird's-beak, soft (Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis) 8 11/20/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 9C Unknown 2/14/2007 N/A Birds-in-a-nest, white (Macbridea alba) 4 5/8/1992 6/22/1994 F 6/22/1994 16 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 4/16/2008 N/A Bittercress, small-anthered (Cardamine micranthera) 4 9/21/1989 7/10/1991 F 7/10/1991 16 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown 7/29/2008 N/A Bladderpod, Dudley Bluffs (Lesquerella congesta) 6 2/6/1990 8/13/1993 F 8/13/1993 13 N/A N/A T 2C Stable 9/20/2006 6/20/2008 Bladderpod, kodachrome (Lesquerella tumulosa) 6 10/6/1993 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 11 Unknown N/A N/A Bladderpod, lyrate (Lesquerella lyrata) 4 9/28/1990 10/17/1996 F 10/17/1996 10 N/A N/A T 8 Decreasing 8/2/2007 N/A Bladderpod, Missouri (Lesquerella filiformis) 3 1/8/1987 4/7/1988 F 4/7/1988 8 N/A N/A T 8 Improving 7/19/2005 1/14/2008 Bladderpod, San Bernardino Mountains (Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina) 8 8/24/1994 N/A D 9/30/1997 22 N/A N/A E 9 Stable 3/5/2008 N/A Bladderpod, Spring Creek (Lesquerella perforata) 4 12/23/1996 9/6/2006 F 9/6/2006 15 6,407,500 20 E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Bladderpod, white (Lesquerella pallida) 2 3/11/1987 10/16/1992 F 10/16/1992 18 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Bladderpod, Zapata (Lesquerella thamnophila) 2 11/22/1999 8/25/2004 F 8/25/2004 21 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing N/A N/A Blazingstar, Ash Meadows (Mentzelia leucophylla) 8 5/20/1985 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown N/A N/A Blazingstar, Heller's (Liatris helleri) 4 11/19/1987 5/1/1989 RF(1) 1/28/2000 18 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown N/A N/A Blazingstar, scrub (Liatris ohlingerae) 4 7/27/1989 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Bluecurls, Hidden Lake (Trichostema austromontanum ssp. compactum) 8 9/14/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 15 Stable 7/7/2005 7/28/2006 Bluegrass, Hawaiian (Poa sandvicensis) 1 5/13/1992 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Bluegrass, Mann's (Poa mannii) 1 11/10/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Bluegrass, Napa (Poa napensis) 8 10/22/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Bluegrass, San Bernardino (Poa atropurpurea) 8 9/14/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2 Unknown 2/14/2007 9/30/2008 Blue-star, Kearney's (Amsonia kearneyana) 2 1/19/1989 5/24/1993 F 5/24/1993 22 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown 3/20/2008 N/A Bluet, Roan Mountain (Hedyotis purpurea var. montana) 4 4/5/1990 5/13/1996 F 5/13/1996 32 N/A N/A E 6 Unknown 7/29/2008 N/A Bonamia, Florida (Bonamia grandiflora) 4 11/2/1987 1/29/1990 RF(1) 6/20/1996 35 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 4/26/2007 8/28/2008 Boxwood, Vahl's (Buxus vahlii) 4 8/13/1985 4/28/1987 F 4/28/1987 21 N/A N/A E 11 Stable N/A N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 17 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Brodiaea, Chinese Camp (Brodiaea pallida) 8 9/14/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 2C Stable 7/7/2005 1/10/2008 Brodiaea, thread-leaved (Brodiaea filifolia) 8 10/13/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 2 Decreasing 3/22/2006 N/A Broom, San Clemente Island (Lotus dendroideus ssp. traskiae) 8 9/12/1977 1/26/1984 F 1/26/1984 54 N/A N/A E 15 Stable 7/7/2005 9/24/2007 Buckwheat, cushenbury (Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum) 8 8/24/1994 N/A D 9/30/1997 22 N/A N/A E 3C Unknown N/A N/A Buckwheat, Ione (incl. Irish Hill) (Eriogonum apricum (incl. var. prostratum)) 8 5/26/1999 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Buckwheat, scrub (Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium) 4 4/27/1993 6/20/1996 RF(1) 6/20/1996 35 N/A N/A T 15 Unknown 4/26/2007 7/23/2008 Buckwheat, steamboat (Eriogonum ovalifolium var. williamsiae) 8 7/8/1986 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 15 N/A N/A E 6C Stable 3/22/2006 N/A Bulrush, Northeastern (Scirpus ancistrochaetus) 5 5/7/1991 8/25/1993 F 8/25/1993 35 N/A N/A E 14 Stable 7/6/2005 N/A Bush-clover, prairie (Lespedeza leptostachya) 3 1/9/1987 10/6/1988 F 10/6/1988 13 N/A N/A T 8 Stable N/A N/A Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island (Malacothamnus clementinus) 8 9/12/1977 1/26/1984 F 1/26/1984 54 N/A N/A E 14 Stable 7/7/2005 9/28/2007 Bush-mallow, Santa Cruz Island (Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. nesioticus) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 E 3 Stable 3/22/2006 9/25/2007 Buttercup, autumn (Ranunculus aestivalis (=acriformis)) 6 7/21/1989 9/16/1991 F 9/16/1991 22 N/A N/A E 5 Improving N/A N/A Butterfly plant, Colorado (Gaura neomexicana var. coloradensis) 6 10/18/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 15 Stable N/A N/A Butterweed, Layne's (Senecio layneae) 8 10/18/1996 8/30/2002 F 8/30/2002 52 N/A N/A T 5C Stable N/A N/A Butterwort, Godfrey's (Pinguicula ionantha) 4 7/12/1993 6/22/1994 F 6/22/1994 16 N/A N/A T 14 Unknown 4/16/2008 N/A Button, Mohr's Barbara (Marshallia mohrii) 4 9/7/1988 11/26/1991 F 11/26/1991 12 N/A N/A T 14 Stable N/A N/A Button-celery, San Diego (Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii) 8 8/3/1993 9/3/1998 F 9/3/1998 14 N/A N/A E 3C Unknown N/A N/A Cactus, Arizona hedgehog (Echinocereus triglochidiatus) 2 11/26/1979 N/A D 9/30/1984 N/A N/A N/A E 3 Unknown 3/20/2008 N/A Cactus, Bakersfield (Opuntia treleasei) 8 7/19/1990 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 223 N/A N/A E 3C Decreasing 3/22/2006 N/A Cactus, black lace (Echinocereus reichenbachii var. albertii) 2 11/28/1979 3/18/1987 F 3/18/1987 20 N/A N/A E 3 Unknown 4/21/2006 N/A Cactus, Brady pincushion (Pediocactus bradyi) 2 11/26/1979 3/28/1985 F 3/28/1985 18 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 3/20/2008 N/A Cactus, Chisos Mountain hedgehog (Echinocereus chisoensis var. chisoensis) 2 9/30/1988 12/8/1993 F 12/8/1993 40 791,900 16 T 9 Stable N/A N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 18 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Cactus, Cochise pincushion (Coryphantha robbinsorum) 2 1/9/1986 9/27/1993 F 9/27/1993 23 276,000 10 T 8 Unknown 4/21/2006 3/20/2007 Cactus, Key tree (Pilosocereus robinii) 4 7/19/1984 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing N/A N/A Cactus, Knowlton (Pediocactus knowltonii) 2 11/28/1979 3/29/1985 F 3/29/1985 15 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 4/23/2007 N/A Cactus, Kuenzler hedgehog (Echinocereus fendleri var. kuenzleri) 2 11/28/1979 3/28/1985 F 3/28/1985 15 N/A N/A E 12C Stable 4/1/2004 6/7/2005 Cactus, Lee pincushion (Coryphantha sneedii var. leei) 2 11/26/1979 3/21/1986 F 3/21/1986 20 N/A N/A T 3 Stable N/A N/A Cactus, Lloyd's Mariposa (Echinomastus mariposensis) 2 12/6/1979 4/13/1990 F 4/13/1990 27 N/A N/A T 2 Stable N/A N/A Cactus, Mesa Verde (Sclerocactus mesae-verdae) 2 11/29/1979 3/30/1984 F 3/30/1984 12 N/A N/A T 8C Decreasing 2/2/2005 N/A Cactus, Nellie cory (Coryphantha minima) 2 12/8/1979 9/20/1984 F 9/20/1984 10 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Cactus, Nichol's Turk's head (Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii) 2 11/28/1979 4/14/1986 F 4/14/1986 19 N/A N/A E 3 Stable 4/23/2007 N/A Cactus, Peebles Navajo (Pediocactus peeblesianus peeblesianus) 2 11/28/1979 3/30/1984 F 3/30/1984 18 N/A N/A E 6 Unknown 4/21/2006 8/28/2008 Cactus, Pima pineapple (Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina) 2 9/23/1993 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 3 Unknown 2/2/2005 2/8/2007 Cactus, San Rafael (Pediocactus despainii) 6 9/16/1987 N/A D 10/2/1995 N/A N/A N/A E 11 Decreasing N/A N/A Cactus, Siler pincushion (Pediocactus (=Echinocactus,=Utahia) sileri) 2 11/26/1979 4/14/1986 F 4/14/1986 15 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 4/21/2006 N/A Cactus, Sneed pincushion (Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii) 2 12/7/1979 3/21/1986 F 3/21/1986 20 N/A N/A E 9 Stable N/A N/A Cactus, star (Astrophytum asterias) 2 10/18/1993 11/6/2003 F 11/6/2003 21 N/A N/A E 2C Decreasing N/A N/A Cactus, Tobusch fishhook (Ancistrocactus tobuschii) 2 12/8/1979 3/18/1987 F 3/18/1987 26 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 3/20/2008 N/A Cactus, Uinta Basin hookless (Sclerocactus glaucus) 6 11/13/1979 9/27/1990 F 9/27/1990 17 103,000 10 T 8C Unknown 12/14/2006 3/28/2008 Cactus, Winkler (Pediocactus winkleri) 6 8/20/1998 N/A D 10/2/1995 N/A N/A N/A T 11C Decreasing N/A N/A Cactus, Wright fishhook (Sclerocactus wrightiae) 6 10/11/1979 12/24/1985 F 12/24/1985 18 N/A N/A E 11 Decreasing 8/3/2005 8/25/2008 Campion, fringed (Silene polypetala) 4 1/18/1991 N/A D 10/1/1996 21 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 6/21/2005 N/A Capa rosa (Callicarpa ampla) 4 4/22/1992 7/31/1995 F 7/31/1995 20 N/A N/A E 11 Unknown N/A N/A Catchfly, Spalding's (Silene spaldingii) 1 10/10/2001 10/12/2007 F 10/12/2007 71 N/A N/A T 8C Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Cat's-eye, Terlingua Creek (Cryptantha crassipes) 2 9/30/1991 4/5/1994 F 4/5/1994 39 1,161,750 30 E 5C Decreasing 3/20/2008 N/A Ceanothus, coyote (Ceanothus ferrisae) 8 2/3/1995 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 180 N/A N/A E 14 Unknown N/A N/A Ceanothus, Pine Hill (Ceanothus roderickii) 8 10/18/1996 8/30/2002 F 8/30/2002 52 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing N/A N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 19 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Ceanothus, Vail Lake (Ceanothus ophiochilus) 8 10/13/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 2 Stable 2/14/2007 7/10/2008 Centaury, spring-loving (Centaurium namophilum) 8 5/20/1985 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A T 14 Unknown 7/7/2005 N/A Chaff-flower, round-leaved (Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata) 1 3/26/1986 N/A D 10/5/1993 50 N/A N/A E 3 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Chaffseed, American (Schwalbea americana) 5 9/29/1992 9/29/1995 F 9/29/1995 16 N/A N/A E 7 Unknown 1/23/2008 N/A Checker-mallow, Keck's (Sidalcea keckii) 8 2/16/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 7/7/2005 1/10/2008 Checker-mallow, Kenwood Marsh (Sidalcea oregana ssp. valida) 8 10/22/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 3C Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Checker-mallow, Nelson's (Sidalcea nelsoniana) 1 2/12/1993 9/30/1998 RD(1) 9/22/2008 73 16,490,000 25 T 2 Stable 7/6/2005 N/A Checker-mallow, pedate (Sidalcea pedata) 8 8/31/1984 7/31/1998 F 7/31/1998 22 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing N/A N/A Checkermallow, Wenatchee Mountains (Sidalcea oregana var. calva) 1 12/22/1999 9/30/2004 F 9/30/2004 28 896,000 13 E 3 Stable N/A N/A Chumbo, Higo (Harrisia portoricensis) 4 8/8/1990 11/12/1996 F 11/12/1996 18 N/A N/A T 14 Stable 9/12/2005 N/A Chupacallos (Pleodendron macranthum) 4 11/25/1994 9/11/1998 F 9/11/1998 19 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown N/A N/A Clarkia, Pismo (Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata) 8 12/15/1994 9/28/1998 F 9/28/1998 36 N/A N/A E 3C Decreasing 3/22/2006 N/A Clarkia, Presidio (Clarkia franciscana) 8 2/3/1995 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 180 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Clarkia, Springville (Clarkia springvillensis) 8 9/14/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 7/7/2005 N/A Clarkia, Vine Hill (Clarkia imbricata) 8 10/22/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Cliff-rose, Arizona (Purshia (=Cowania) subintegra) 2 5/29/1984 6/16/1995 F 6/16/1995 34 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown 4/23/2007 N/A Clover, Monterey (Trifolium trichocalyx) 8 8/12/1998 12/20/2004 F 6/17/2005 46 N/A N/A E 5C Unknown N/A N/A Clover, running buffalo (Trifolium stoloniferum) 3 6/5/1987 6/8/1989 RF(1) 6/27/2007 18 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 7/19/2005 N/A Clover, showy Indian (Trifolium amoenum) 8 10/22/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 3/22/2006 1/10/2008 Cobana negra (Stahlia monosperma) 4 4/5/1990 11/1/1996 F 11/1/1996 14 N/A N/A T 8 Improving 9/21/2007 N/A Coneflower, smooth (Echinacea laevigata) 4 10/8/1992 4/18/1995 F 4/18/1995 10 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Coneflower, Tennessee purple (Echinacea tennesseensis) 4 7/5/1979 2/14/1983 RF(1) 11/14/1989 23 114,000 4 E 8 Stable 9/21/2007 N/A Cory cactus, bunched (Coryphantha ramillosa) 2 12/6/1979 4/13/1990 F 4/13/1990 27 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown N/A N/A Crownbeard, big-leaved (Verbesina dissita) 8 10/7/1996 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 5C Decreasing N/A N/A Crownscale, San Jacinto Valley (Atriplex coronata var. notatior) 8 10/13/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 3 Unknown 3/22/2006 3/31/2008 *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 20 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Cycladenia, Jones (Cycladenia jonesii (=humilis)) 6 5/5/1986 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 8 Stable N/A N/A Daisy, lakeside (Hymenoxys herbacea) 3 6/23/1988 9/19/1990 F 9/19/1990 17 1,591,600 14 T 8 Stable 4/22/2008 N/A Daisy, Maguire (Erigeron maguirei) 6 9/5/1985 8/15/1995 F 8/15/1995 11 N/A N/A T 14 Stable 4/7/2006 5/19/2008 Daisy, Parish's (Erigeron parishii) 8 8/24/1994 N/A D 9/30/1997 22 N/A N/A T 8C Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Daisy, Willamette (Erigeron decumbens var. decumbens) 1 1/25/2000 N/A D 9/22/2008 73 16,490,000 25 E 3C Stable 7/6/2005 N/A Dawn-flower, Texas prairie (Hymenoxys texana) 2 3/13/1986 4/13/1990 F 4/13/1990 26 N/A N/A E 5C Stable N/A N/A Desert-parsley, Bradshaw's (Lomatium bradshawii) 1 9/30/1988 8/13/1993 RD(1) 9/22/2008 73 16,490,000 25 E 5 Stable 7/6/2005 N/A Dogweed, ashy (Thymophylla tephroleuca) 2 7/19/1984 7/29/1988 F 7/29/1988 20 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Dropwort, Canby's (Oxypolis canbyi) 4 2/25/1986 4/10/1990 F 4/10/1990 16 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/28/2006 N/A Dudleya, Conejo (Dudleya abramsii ssp. parva) 8 1/29/1997 9/30/1999 F 9/30/1999 21 N/A N/A T 2C Stable 3/5/2008 N/A Dudleya, marcescent (Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens) 8 1/29/1997 9/30/1999 F 9/30/1999 21 N/A N/A T 9 Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Dudleya, Santa Clara Valley (Dudleya setchellii) 8 2/3/1995 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 180 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown N/A N/A Dudleya, Santa Cruz Island (Dudleya nesiotica) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 T 8 Stable N/A N/A Dudleya, Verity's (Dudleya verityi) 8 1/29/1997 9/30/1999 F 9/30/1999 21 N/A N/A T 2C Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Dudleyea, Santa Monica Mountains (Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia) 8 1/29/1997 9/30/1999 F 9/30/1999 21 N/A N/A T UNK Decreasing N/A N/A Dwarf-flax, Marin (Hesperolinon congestum) 8 2/3/1995 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 180 N/A N/A T 8C Unknown N/A N/A Erubia (Solanum drymophilum) 4 8/26/1988 7/9/1992 F 7/9/1992 15 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown N/A N/A Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes (Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii) 8 5/27/1978 3/21/1980 RF(1) 4/25/1984 30 N/A N/A E 3 Stable 2/14/2007 7/10/2008 Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley (Oenothera avita ssp. eurekensis) 8 5/27/1978 12/13/1982 F 12/13/1982 42 N/A N/A E 15 Stable 7/7/2005 9/24/2007 Evening-primrose, San Benito (Camissonia benitensis) 8 2/12/1985 9/19/2006 F 9/21/2006 32 2,438,000 50 T 5 Stable 2/14/2007 N/A Fiddleneck, large-flowered (Amsinckia grandiflora) 8 5/8/1985 9/29/1997 F 9/29/1997 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Flannelbush, Mexican (Fremontodendron mexicanum) 8 10/13/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2 Improving 2/14/2007 N/A Flannelbush, Pine Hill (Fremontodendron californicum ssp. decumbens) 8 10/18/1996 8/30/2002 F 8/30/2002 52 N/A N/A E 6C Decreasing N/A N/A Fleabane, Zuni (Erigeron rhizomatus) 2 4/26/1985 9/30/1988 F 9/30/1988 11 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 2/2/2005 9/27/2007 Four-o'clock, MacFarlane's (Mirabilis macfarlanei) 1 11/29/1979 3/27/1985 RF(1) 6/30/2000 25 N/A N/A T 2 Stable 4/11/2006 N/A Frankenia, Johnston's (Frankenia johnstonii) 2 8/7/1984 5/24/1988 F 5/24/1988 N/A N/A N/A E 14 Stable N/A N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 21 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Fringepod, Santa Cruz Island (Thysanocarpus conchuliferus) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 E 8 Stable 2/14/2007 N/A Fringe-tree, pygmy (Chionanthus pygmaeus) 4 1/21/1987 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Fritillary, Gentner's (Fritillaria gentneri) 1 12/10/1999 8/28/2003 F 8/28/2003 24 3,126,000 16 E 2 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Gardenia (=Na`u), Hawaiian (Gardenia brighamii) 1 8/21/1985 9/30/1993 F 9/30/1993 147 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Geranium, Hawaiian red-flowered (Geranium arboreum) 1 5/13/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Gerardia, sandplain (Agalinis acuta) 5 9/7/1988 9/20/1989 F 9/20/1989 24 N/A N/A E 5C Stable 1/16/2008 N/A Gilia, Hoffmann's slender-flowered (Gilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 E 8 Stable N/A N/A Gilia, Monterey (Gilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria) 8 6/22/1992 9/29/1998 F 9/29/1998 44 N/A N/A E 9 Stable 3/22/2006 3/31/2008 Goetzea, beautiful (Goetzea elegans) 4 4/19/1985 4/28/1987 F 4/28/1987 23 N/A N/A E 8 Improving 9/27/2006 N/A Goldenrod, Blue Ridge (Solidago spithamaea) 4 3/28/1985 10/28/1987 F 10/28/1987 17 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 7/29/2008 N/A Goldenrod, Houghton's (Solidago houghtonii) 3 7/18/1988 9/17/1997 F 9/17/1997 28 506,500 11 T 8C Stable 10/4/2007 N/A Goldenrod, Short's (Solidago shortii) 4 9/5/1985 5/25/1988 F 5/25/1988 19 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 7/26/2005 10/25/2007 Goldenrod, white-haired (Solidago albopilosa) 4 4/7/1988 9/28/1993 F 9/28/1993 25 305,300 10 T 8 Stable 7/26/2005 N/A Goldfields, Burke's (Lasthenia burkei) 8 12/2/1991 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 2/14/2007 9/30/2008 Goldfields, Contra Costa (Lasthenia conjugens) 8 6/18/1997 3/7/2006 F 12/15/2005 192 N/A N/A E 5C Unknown 2/14/2007 9/30/2008 Gooseberry, Miccosukee (Ribes echinellum) 4 7/18/1985 N/A E N/A N/A N/A N/A T 11 Stable 4/26/2007 7/15/2008 Gourd, Okeechobee (Cucurbita okeechobeensis ssp. okeechobeensis) 4 7/12/1993 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 3 Decreasing 4/16/2008 N/A Grass, Colusa (Neostapfia colusana) 8 3/26/1997 3/7/2006 F 12/15/2005 192 N/A N/A T 2C Stable 3/22/2006 7/10/2008 Grass, Eureka Dune (Swallenia alexandrae) 8 5/27/1978 12/13/1982 F 12/13/1982 42 N/A N/A E 13 Stable 7/7/2005 9/24/2007 Grass, Solano (Tuctoria mucronata) 8 9/29/1978 9/11/1985 F 12/15/2005 192 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 2/14/2007 N/A Grass, Tennessee yellow-eyed (Xyris tennesseensis) 4 7/26/1991 6/24/1994 F 6/24/1994 16 N/A N/A E 8 Stable N/A N/A Ground-plum, Guthrie's (=Pyne's) (Astragalus bibullatus) 4 9/26/1991 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Groundsel, San Francisco Peaks (Senecio franciscanus) 2 11/22/1983 7/21/1987 F 7/21/1987 9 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown 4/23/2007 N/A Gumplant, Ash Meadows (Grindelia fraxino-pratensis) 8 5/20/1985 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A T 14 Unknown 7/7/2005 1/10/2008 Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra crenata) 1 3/28/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra dentata) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra giffardii) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra limahuliensis) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A T 14 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 22 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra munroi) 1 5/15/1992 9/29/1995 F 9/29/1995 107 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra polyantha) 1 3/28/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Improving 3/8/2007 N/A Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra subumbellata) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Improving 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra tintinnabula) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Improving N/A N/A Ha`iwale (Cyrtandra viridiflora) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Haha (Cyanea acuminata) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 11 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Haha (Cyanea asarifolia) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Haha (Cyanea copelandii ssp. copelandii) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 6 Decreasing N/A N/A Haha (Cyanea copelandii ssp. haleakalaensis) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 6 Decreasing N/A N/A Haha (Cyanea dunbarii) 1 10/10/1996 5/20/1998 F 5/20/1998 29 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Haha (Cyanea glabra) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana) 1 10/10/1996 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 6 Stable N/A N/A Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae) 1 6/27/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 6 Improving 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. carlsonii) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 6 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. hamatiflora) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 6 Improving 3/8/2007 N/A Haha (Cyanea humboldtiana) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Haha (Cyanea koolauensis) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Haha (Cyanea lobata) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 2 Stable N/A N/A Haha (Cyanea longiflora) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 11 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Haha (Cyanea macrostegia ssp. gibsonii) 1 9/20/1991 9/29/1995 F 9/29/1995 107 N/A N/A E 6 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Haha (Cyanea mannii) 1 10/8/1992 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 29 24,784,000 21 E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Haha (Cyanea mceldowneyi) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Haha (Cyanea pinnatifida) 1 10/29/1991 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 Haha (Cyanea platyphylla) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing 4/11/2006 N/A Haha (Cyanea procera) 1 10/8/1992 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 29 24,784,000 21 E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Haha (Cyanea recta) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A T 2 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Haha (Cyanea remyi) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Haha (Cyanea shipmanii) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Haha (Cyanea st.-johnii) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Improving 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 Haha (Cyanea stictophylla) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Stable N/A N/A Haha (Cyanea superba) 1 9/11/1991 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 Haha (Cyanea truncata) 1 3/28/1994 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 Haha (Cyanea undulata) 1 9/20/1991 5/31/1994 F 5/31/1994 60 N/A N/A E 11 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Hala pepe (Pleomele hawaiiensis) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Stable N/A N/A Harebells, Avon Park (Crotalaria avonensis) 4 4/27/1993 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing 9/27/2006 7/13/2007 Harperella (Ptilimnium nodosum) 5 9/28/1988 3/5/1991 F 3/5/1991 25 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 1/16/2008 N/A Hau kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus giffardianus) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 23 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Hau kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus hualalaiensis) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Hau kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus woodii) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 7/6/2005 8/2/2007 Heartleaf, dwarf-flowered (Hexastylis naniflora) 4 4/14/1989 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 14 Unknown 9/20/2005 N/A Heather, mountain golden (Hudsonia montana) 4 10/20/1980 9/14/1983 F 9/14/1983 17 N/A N/A T 8C Unknown 7/28/2006 N/A Heau (Exocarpos luteolus) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Hedyotis, Na Pali beach (Hedyotis st.- johnii) 1 9/30/1991 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Hibiscus, Clay's (Hibiscus clayi) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Higuero de sierra (Crescentia portoricensis) 4 12/4/1987 9/23/1991 F 9/23/1991 20 N/A N/A E 14 Improving 9/21/2007 N/A Holei (Ochrosia kilaueaensis) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Captivity N/A N/A Holly, Cook's (Ilex cookii) 4 6/16/1987 1/31/1991 F 1/31/1991 19 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Honohono (Haplostachys haplostachya) 1 11/29/1979 N/A D 9/20/1993 37 N/A N/A E 2 Improving N/A N/A Howellia, water (Howellia aquatilis) 6 7/14/1994 N/A D 9/24/1996 40 N/A N/A T 7 Improving 4/18/2007 N/A Hypericum, highlands scrub (Hypericum cumulicola) 4 1/21/1987 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown 4/26/2007 9/5/2008 Iagu, Hayun (=(Guam), Tronkon guafi (Rota)) (Serianthes nelsonii) 1 2/18/1987 2/2/1994 F 2/2/1994 61 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Iliau, dwarf (Wilkesia hobdyi) 1 6/22/1992 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Indian paintbrush, San Clemente Island (Castilleja grisea) 8 9/12/1977 1/26/1984 F 1/26/1984 54 N/A N/A E 14 Stable 7/7/2005 9/24/2007 Ipomopsis, Holy Ghost (Ipomopsis sancti-spiritus) 2 3/23/1994 9/26/2002 F 9/26/2002 29 6,375,000 20 E 5C Stable 7/21/2004 N/A Iris, dwarf lake (Iris lacustris) 3 9/28/1988 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 8C Stable 10/4/2007 N/A Irisette, white (Sisyrinchium dichotomum) 4 9/26/1991 4/10/1995 F 4/10/1995 16 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown N/A N/A Ischaemum, Hilo (Ischaemum byrone) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Ivesia, Ash Meadows (Ivesia kingii var. eremica) 8 5/20/1985 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A T 8 Unknown N/A N/A Jacquemontia, beach (Jacquemontia reclinata) 4 11/24/1993 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 6/21/2005 5/30/2007 Jewelflower, California (Caulanthus californicus) 8 7/19/1990 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 223 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 3/22/2006 N/A Jewelflower, Metcalf Canyon (Streptanthus albidus ssp. albidus) 8 2/3/1995 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 180 N/A N/A E 3C Unknown N/A N/A Jewelflower, Tiburon (Streptanthus niger) 8 2/3/1995 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 180 N/A N/A E 5C Unknown N/A N/A Joint-vetch, sensitive (Aeschynomene virginica) 5 5/20/1992 9/29/1995 F 9/29/1995 25 662,000 20 T 2 Unknown 12/16/2008 N/A Kamakahala (Labordia cyrtandrae) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Kamakahala (Labordia lydgatei) 1 9/20/1991 5/31/1994 F 5/31/1994 60 N/A N/A E 11 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Kamakahala (Labordia tinifolia var. lanaiensis) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 6 Decreasing N/A N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 24 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Kamakahala (Labordia tinifolia var. wahiawaensis) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 6 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Kamakahala (Labordia triflora) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides) 1 10/10/1996 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 5 Improving 3/8/2007 N/A Kauai hau kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus distans) 1 4/29/1986 6/5/1996 F 6/5/1996 23 2,713,000 20 E 2 Improving 3/8/2007 N/A Kauila (Colubrina oppositifolia) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Kaulu (Pteralyxia kauaiensis) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Kio`ele (Hedyotis coriacea) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Kiponapona (Phyllostegia racemosa) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Ko`oko`olau (Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 9 Decreasing N/A N/A Ko`oko`olau (Bidens wiebkei) 1 10/8/1992 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 29 24,784,000 21 E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Ko`oloa`ula (Abutilon menziesii) 1 9/26/1986 9/29/1995 F 9/29/1995 107 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Kohe malama malama o kanaloa (Kanaloa kahoolawensis) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 1 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Koki`o (Kokia drynarioides) 1 12/4/1984 5/6/1994 F 5/6/1994 104 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Koki`o (Kokia kauaiensis) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Koki`o ke`oke`o (Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus) 1 10/8/1992 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 29 24,784,000 21 E 3 Decreasing N/A N/A Koki`o ke`oke`o (Hibiscus waimeae ssp. hannerae) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 3 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Koki`o, Cooke's (Kokia cookei) 1 11/29/1979 5/27/1998 F 5/27/1998 36 6,365,000 30 E 5 Captivity 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Kolea (Myrsine juddii) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Kolea (Myrsine linearifolia) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A T 2 Decreasing N/A N/A Kopa (Hedyotis schlechtendahliana var. remyi) 1 9/3/1999 9/19/2002 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 6 Captivity 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago hawaiensis) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Kuahiwi laukahi (Plantago princeps) 1 11/10/1994 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 5 Stable 4/29/2008 N/A Kuawawaenohu (Alsinidendron lychnoides) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Kula wahine noho (Isodendrion pyrifolium) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 2 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Kulu`i (Nototrichium humile) 1 10/29/1991 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Ladies'-tresses, Canelo Hills (Spiranthes delitescens) 2 1/6/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2C Stable N/A N/A Ladies'-tresses, Navasota (Spiranthes parksii) 2 5/6/1982 9/21/1984 F 9/21/1984 12 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 9/21/2007 N/A Ladies'-tresses, Ute (Spiranthes diluvialis) 6 1/17/1992 N/A D 9/21/1995 N/A N/A N/A T 14C Improving 10/12/2004 N/A Larkspur, Baker's (Delphinium bakeri) 8 1/26/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Stable N/A N/A Larkspur, San Clemente Island (Delphinium variegatum ssp. kinkiense) 8 9/12/1977 1/26/1984 F 1/26/1984 54 N/A N/A E 9 Stable 7/7/2005 3/31/2008 Larkspur, yellow (Delphinium luteum) 8 1/26/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 8C Unknown N/A N/A Lau `ehu (Panicum niihauense) 1 10/10/1996 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 2 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 25 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Laulihilihi (Schiedea stellarioides) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Layia, beach (Layia carnosa) 8 6/22/1992 9/29/1998 F 9/29/1998 44 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 2/14/2007 N/A Lead-plant, Crenulate (Amorpha crenulata) 4 7/18/1985 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing 9/27/2006 9/21/2007 Leather flower, Alabama (Clematis socialis) 4 9/26/1986 12/27/1989 F 12/27/1989 19 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 6/14/2005 N/A Leather flower, Morefield's (Clematis morefieldii) 4 5/20/1992 5/3/1994 F 5/3/1994 14 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 6/14/2005 N/A Lessingia, San Francisco (Lessingia germanorum (=L.g. var. germanorum)) 8 6/19/1997 10/6/2003 F 10/6/2003 76 N/A N/A E 2C Decreasing N/A N/A Liliwai (Acaena exigua) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/11/2006 N/A Lily, Minnesota dwarf trout (Erythronium propullans) 3 3/26/1986 12/16/1987 F 12/16/1987 11 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing 4/22/2008 N/A Lily, Pitkin Marsh (Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense) 8 10/22/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5C Stable 3/5/2008 N/A Lily, Western (Lilium occidentale) 8 8/17/1994 3/31/1998 F 3/31/1998 23 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Liveforever, Laguna Beach (Dudleya stolonifera) 8 10/13/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 8 Unknown N/A N/A Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island (Dudleya traskiae) 8 5/27/1978 6/27/1985 F 6/27/1985 16 N/A N/A E 8 Unknown 7/7/2005 1/10/2008 Lo`ulu (Pritchardia affinis) 1 3/4/1994 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Stable N/A N/A Lo`ulu (Pritchardia kaalae) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Stable 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Lo`ulu (Pritchardia munroi) 1 10/8/1992 9/26/1996 F 9/26/1996 29 24,784,000 21 E 5 Stable N/A N/A Lo`ulu (Pritchardia napaliensis) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Lo`ulu (Pritchardia remota) 1 8/21/1996 3/31/1998 F 3/31/1998 33 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Lo`ulu (Pritchardia schattaueri) 1 10/10/1996 5/11/1998 F 9/26/1996 78 9,395,000 20 E 5 Stable 3/8/2007 N/A Lo`ulu (Pritchardia viscosa) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/11/2006 1/18/2008 Locoweed, Fassett's (Oxytropis campestris var. chartacea) 3 9/28/1988 3/29/1991 F 3/29/1991 6 425,000 14 T 9 Stable 7/27/2007 N/A Lomatium, Cook's (Lomatium cookii) 1 11/7/2002 N/A D 9/22/2006 53 N/A N/A E 2C Decreasing N/A N/A Loosestrife, rough-leaved (Lysimachia asperulaefolia) 4 6/12/1987 4/19/1995 F 4/19/1995 15 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 7/29/2008 N/A Lousewort, Furbish (Pedicularis furbishiae) 5 5/27/1978 6/29/1983 RF(1) 7/2/1991 21 149,000 7 E 14 Decreasing 8/10/2005 4/7/2007 Love grass, Fosberg's (Eragrostis fosbergii) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Lupine, clover (Lupinus tidestromii) 8 6/22/1992 9/29/1998 F 9/29/1998 44 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Lupine, Kincaid's (Lupinus sulphureus (=oreganus) ssp. kincaidii (=var. kincaidii)) 1 1/25/2000 N/A D 9/22/2008 73 16,490,000 25 T 6C Unknown 7/6/2005 N/A Lupine, Nipomo Mesa (Lupinus nipomensis) 8 3/20/2000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Lupine, scrub (Lupinus aridorum) 4 4/7/1987 1/29/1990 RF(1) 6/20/1996 35 N/A N/A E 2C Decreasing 4/26/2007 11/27/2007 Ma`o hau hele, (=native yellow hibiscus) (Hibiscus brackenridgei) 1 11/10/1994 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 2 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Ma`oli`oli (Schiedea apokremnos) 1 9/30/1991 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 26 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Ma`oli`oli (Schiedea kealiae) 1 10/10/1996 8/10/1998 F 8/10/1998 28 N/A N/A E 8 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Mahoe (Alectryon macrococcus) 1 5/15/1992 7/29/1997 F 7/29/1997 41 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Makou (Peucedanum sandwicense) 1 2/25/1994 9/20/1995 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A T 8 Decreasing N/A N/A Malacothrix, island (Malacothrix squalida) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 E 5 Decreasing N/A N/A Malacothrix, Santa Cruz Island (Malacothrix indecora) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 E 2 Unknown N/A N/A Mallow, Kern (Eremalche kernensis) 8 7/19/1990 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 223 N/A N/A E 2 Unknown 3/22/2006 N/A Mallow, Peter's Mountain (Iliamna corei) 5 5/12/1986 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 12 153,000 10 E 8 Stable 1/16/2008 9/30/2008 Manaca, palma de (Calyptronoma rivalis) 4 2/6/1990 6/25/1992 F 6/25/1992 18 N/A N/A T 8 Improving 9/21/2007 N/A Manioc, Walker's (Manihot walkerae) 2 10/2/1991 12/12/1993 F 12/12/1993 27 N/A N/A E 5 Decreasing 3/23/2007 N/A Manzanita, Del Mar (Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. crassifolia) 8 10/7/1996 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 6C Decreasing N/A N/A Manzanita, Ione (Arctostaphylos myrtifolia) 8 5/26/1999 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 5C Decreasing 3/5/2008 N/A Manzanita, Morro (Arctostaphylos morroensis) 8 12/15/1994 9/28/1998 F 9/28/1998 36 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 3/22/2006 3/31/2008 Manzanita, pallid (Arctostaphylos pallida) 8 4/22/1998 N/A D 4/7/2003 211 N/A N/A T 11C Decreasing N/A N/A Manzanita, Presidio (Arctostaphylos hookeri var. ravenii) 8 11/29/1979 10/6/2003 F 10/6/2003 76 N/A N/A E 12 Stable N/A N/A Manzanita, Santa Rosa Island (Arctostaphylos confertiflora) 8 7/31/1997 9/26/2000 F 9/26/2000 28 51,920,000 40 E 2 Stable 3/22/2006 1/10/2008 Mapele (Cyrtandra cyaneoides) 1 10/10/1996 8/23/1998 F 9/20/1995 89 N/A N/A E 2 Decreasing 4/29/2008 N/A Mariposa lily, Tiburon (Calochortus tiburonensis) 8 2/3/1995 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 180 N/A N/A T 17 Stable 3/5/2008 N/A Meadowfoam, Butte County (Limnanthes floccosa ssp. californica) 8 6/8/1992 3/7/2006 F 12/15/2005 192 N/A N/A E 3C Unknown 3/22/2006 7/10/2008 Meadowfoam, large-flowered woolly (Limnanthes floccosa ssp. grandiflora) 1 11/7/2002 N/A D 9/22/2006 53 N/A N/A E 3C Improving N/A N/A Meadowfoam, Sebastopol (Limnanthes vinculans) 8 12/2/1991 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 2C Unknown 2/14/2007 9/30/2008 Meadowrue, Cooley's (Thalictrum cooleyi) 4 2/7/1989 4/21/1994 F 4/21/1994 16 N/A N/A E 2 Stable 4/26/2007 N/A Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea) 1 11/10/1994 7/10/1999 F 7/10/1999 56 33,900,000 11 E 5 Decreasing 3/8/2007 N/A Mesa-mint, Otay (Pogogyne nudiuscula) 8 8/3/1993 9/3/1998 F 9/3/1998 14 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown N/A N/A Mesa-mint, San Diego (Pogogyne abramsii) 8 10/29/1978 9/3/1998 F 9/3/1998 14 N/A N/A E 5 Unknown N/A N/A Milkpea, Small's (Galactia smallii) 4 7/18/1985 5/18/1999 F 5/18/1999 1404 N/A N/A E 5C Decreasing 6/21/2005 N/A Milk-vetch, Applegate's (Astragalus applegatei) 8 7/28/1993 4/10/1998 F 4/10/1998 26 N/A N/A E 5 Improving 8/15/2007 N/A Milk-vetch, Ash meadows (Astragalus phoenix) 8 5/20/1985 9/28/1990 F 9/28/1990 82 N/A N/A T 8 Stable 3/5/2008 N/A Milk-vetch, Braunton's (Astragalus brauntonii) 8 1/29/1997 9/30/1999 F 9/30/1999 21 N/A N/A E 8 Stable 2/14/2007 N/A *Earlier drafts and final plans for some individual species may have become incorporated into later multi-species or ecosystem plans. 27 www.fws.gov/endangered Recovery Data as of September 30, 2008 Species Name Lead Region Date Listed Date of First Final Plan Plan Status* Date of Current or Active Plan Number of Actions Implemented Estimated Costs for Recovery Estimated Time to Recovery (years) Listing Classifi-cation Recovery Priority Number FY 2008 Species' Status Date 5-Year Status Review Initiated Date 5-Year Status Review Completed GENERAL SPECIES INFORMATION RECOVERY PLAN INFORMATION SPECIES/RECOVERY STATUS Milk-vetch, Clara Hunt's (Astragalus clarianus) 8 10/22/1997 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 5C Unknown 3/5/2008 N/A Milk-vetch, Coachella Valley (Astragalus lentiginosus var. coachellae) 8 10/6/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 6C Decreasing 3/22/2006 N/A Milk-vetch, coastal dunes (Astragalus tener var. titi) 8 8/12/1998 12/20/2004 F 6/17/2005 46 N/A N/A E 6C Stable 3/5/2008 N/A Milk-vetch, Cushenbury (Astragalus albens) 8 8/24/1994 N/A D 9/30/1997 22 N/A N/A E 2C Unknown N/A N/A Milk-vetch, Deseret (Astragalus desereticus) 6 10/20/1999 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 14 Improving 4/18/2007 N/A Milk-vetch, Fish Slough (Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis) 8 10/6/1998 9/30/1998 F 9/30/1998 100 N/A N/A T 9C Unknown 6/4/2007 N/A Milk-vetch, heliotrope (Astragalus montii) 6 11/6/1987 N/A D 9/27/1995 N/A N/A N/A T 8 Stable N/A N/A Milk-vetch, Holmgren (Astragalus holmgreniorum) 6 9/28/2001 9/22/2006 F 9/29/2006 52 18,839,000 30 E 5C Decreasing 4/7/2006 4/13/2007 Milk-vetch, Jesup's (Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupi) 5 6/5/1987 11/21/1989 F 11/21/1989 17 N/A N/A E 6 Stable 1/16/2008 N/A Milk-vetch, Lane Mountain (Astragalus jaegerianus) 8 10/6/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A E 8 Stable 3/22/2006 7/10/2008 Milk-vetch, Mancos (Astragalus humillimus) 2 6/27/1985 12/20/1989 F 12/20/1989 13 N/A N/A E 5C Stable 4/23/2007 N/A Milk-vetch, Osterhout (Astragalus osterhoutii) 6 7/13/1989 9/30/1992 F 9/30/1992 13 N/A N/A E 2 Stable N/A N/A Milk-vetch, Peirson's (Astragalus magdalenae var. peirsonii) 8 10/6/1998 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A T 9 Stable 7/21/2008 9/30/2008 Milk-vetch, Sentry (Astra |
Original Filename | report-to-congress-2007-2008.pdf |
Images Source File Name | report-to-congress-2007-2008.pdf |
Date created | 2014-03-28 |
Date modified | 2014-03-28 |
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