Rear signaling 

Enhanced Rear Lighting and Signaling:

• • • Assessing the Attention-Getting Capability of Brake Signals: Evaluation of Candidate Enhanced Braking Signals and Features, June 2010, DOT HS 811 330 (Vehicle Safety Research Note)
      
      
    • Development of a Simulation Model to Assess Effectiveness and Safety Benefits of Enhanced Rear Brake Light Countermeasures, June 2010, DOT HS 811 331 (Vehicle Safety Research Note)
      
      
    • Llaneras, R.E., Nerauter, M.L., and Perez, M. (2010) Evaluation of Enhanced Brake Lights Using Surrogate Safety Metrics Task 2 & 3 Report Development of a Rear Signaling Model and Work Plan for Large Scale Field Evaluation DOT HS 811 329
      
      
    • Wierwille, W.W., Llaneras, R.E., and Neurauter, M.L (2009) Evaluation of Enhanced Brake Lights Using Surrogate Safety Metrics - Task 1 Report: Further Characterization and Development of Rear Brake Light Signals DOT HS 811 127
      
      
    • Study of Present-Day LED Brightness and Corresponding Rear Signaling Concepts (LED Optimization). DOT HS 811 128 (Vehicle Safety Research Note)
      
      
    • Assessing the Attention-Gettingness of Brake Signals: Evaluation of Optimized Candidate Enhanced Braking Signals. DOT HS 811 129 (Vehicle Safety Research Note)
      
      
    • Initial On-Road Evaluation of Candidate Rear Lighting Configurations. DOT HS 811 130 (Vehicle Safety Research Note)
      
      
    • Lee, S. E., Llaneras E., Klauer S., Sudweeks J. (2007) Analyses of Rear-End Crashes and Near-Crashes in the 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study to Support Rear-Signaling Countermeasure Development, DOT HS 810 846
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    • Wierwille W. W., Lee S. E., and DeHart  M. C. (2005). Enhanced Rear Lighting and Signaling Systems: Project Final Report Emphasizing Task 3 Results: Test Road Experiment on Imminent-Warning Rear Lighting and Signaling. DOT HS 809 864.
      
      
    • Wierwille W. W., Lee S. E., and DeHart M. C.(2003). Enhanced Rear Lighting And Signaling Systems Task 2 Report: Testing and Optimization of High-Level and Stopped/Slowly-Moving Vehicle Rear Signaling Systems. DOT HS 809 597.
      
      
    • Lee S. E., Wierwille W. W., and Klauer S. G. (2002). Enhanced Rear Lighting And Signaling Systems: Literature Review and Analyses of Alternative System Concepts. DOT HS 809 425.
      

  • Work on the Center High Mounted Stop Lamp:

    • Kahane, C. Hertz, E. (1998). The Long-Term Effectiveness of Center High Mounted Stop Lamps in Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. DOT HS 808 696.
      
      

    Turn signal Color:

     

    • Allen K. (2009). The Effectiveness of Amber Rear Turn Signals for Reducing Rear Impacts. DOT HS 811 115.
      
      
    • Sullivan J. M. and Flannagan M. J. (2008). The Influence of Rear Turn Signal Characteristics on Crash Risk. DOT HS 811 050 (Vehicle Safety Research Note)
      
      
    • Sullivan J. M. and Flannagan M. J. (2008). The Influence of Rear Turn Signal Characteristics on Crash Risk. DOT HS 811 037. (Technical Report)