This map represents total independent expenditure spending for or against House or Senate candidates for a two-year period. Senate by state and House by state and congressional district. The data for the color density is taken from "24-hour" and "48-hour" notices of independent expenditures filed in the selected two-year period. Independent expenditures represent spending by individual people, groups, political committees, corporations or unions expressly advocating the election or defeat of clearly identified federal candidates. These expenditures may not be made in concert or cooperation with or at the request or suggestion of a candidate, the candidate's campaign or a political party. Note that Internet Explorer users will only see congressional districts on the state maps and not on the national map due to performance issues.
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