Butternut Canker

Scientific name: Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum Nair, Kostichka
& Kuntz

Common names: Butternut canker

Native To: Unknown, possibly Asia (Furnier et al. 1999)

Date of U.S. Introduction: First detected in 1967, but may have been present before then (Farlee et al. 2010)

Images: Invasive.org and Google

Means of Introduction: Unknown (Ostry et al. 2004)

Impact: Lethal disease of butternut trees (Juglans cinerea) (Farlee et al. 2010)

Current U.S. Distribution: Northeastern and Midwestern U.S.

• Alien Forest Pest Explorer Pest Distribution Map: Butternut Canker (Oct 2010; PDF | 989 KB)

Management Plans: Microbes

Selected Internet Resources:

• Federal Government
• State Government
• University/Academic
• International
• Organizations

Federal Government

Butternut canker Article Citation Search - AGRICOLA Database
USDA. National Agricultural Library.
Research; Special Note: NAL Catalog Search (resources)

How to Identify Butternut Canker and Manage Butternut Trees
USDA. FS. Northern Central Forest Experiment Station.
Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls

Pest Alert: Butternut Canker
USDA. FS. Northeastern Area.
Identification/Description; Photographs

Stressors of Hardwood Forests: Butternut Canker
USDA. FS. Southern Region.
Identification/Description; Photographs; Impacts; Distribution; Dispersion

Saving the Butternut (DOC | 747 KB)
USDA. FS. Dorena Genetic Resource Center.
Introduction History; Dispersion; Controls

State Government

Potential Loss of Butternut from Iowa's Forests (PDF | 329 KB)
Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Forestry.
Impacts; Controls

Butternut Restoration Project
New Hampshire Department of Resources and Economic Development. Division of Forests and Lands.
Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Controls

Butternut Canker - Best Management Practices (PDF | 113 KB)
Wisconsin Council on Forestry.
Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Controls

Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum (Butternut Canker Pathogen) (Sep 2007; PDF | 124 KB)
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls

Conservation and Management of Butternut Trees (2010; PDF | 717 KB)
Purdue University Extension. Forestry and Natural Resources.
Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Controls

Butternut Canker Disease
University of Vermont. Forest Pathology.
Identification/Description; Photographs; Impacts; Dispersion

Butternut Canker - Wisconsin Horticulture
University of Wisconsin. Cooperative Extension.
Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Controls

International

Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum - Invasive Species Compendium
CAB International.
Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Photographs; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Controls

Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests: Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum (PDF | 93 KB)
European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization.
Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Introduction History; Impacts; Life Cycle; Habitat; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls; Special Note: Bibliography

A Landowner's Guide to Butternut and Butternut Canker in Ontario (PDF | 354 KB)
Forest Gene Conservation Association (Canada).
Identification/Description; Photographs; Controls

Butternut canker
Natural Resources Canada and Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Forest Invasive Alien Species.
Taxonomy; Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Distribution

Butternut Canker - Pest Notes No. 2 (PDF | 286 KB)
Natural Resources Canada. Canadian Forest Service.
Identification/Description; Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Distribution

Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum (fungus) - ISSG Global Invasive Species Database
World Conservation Union. Invasive Species Specialist Group.
Identification/Description; Photographs; Impacts; Life Cycle; Distribution; Dispersion; Controls

Butternut Canker
Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center.
Identification/Description; Photographs; Impacts; Distribution

What Is Killing Our Trees? Butternut Trees in Trouble
Michigan Wildlife Conservancy.
Introduction History; Impacts

Butternut Canker - Gallery of Pests
The Nature Conservancy. Global Invasive Species Initiative.
Photographs; Introduction History; Impacts; Distribution; Controls

Butternut Canker - Southern Appalachian Biological Control Initiative Workshop (1996)
Southern Appalachian Man and Biosphere.
Identification/Description; Introduction History; Impacts; Controls

Citations

Farlee, L., K. Woeste, M. Ostry, et al. 2010. Conservation and Management of Butternut Trees (PDF | 717 KB). Purdue University Extension. Publication FNR-421-W.

Furnier, G.R., A.M. Stolz, R.M. Mustaphi, and M.E. Ostry. 1999. Genetic Evidence That Butternut Canker Was Recently Introduced into North America (PDF | 236 KB). Canadian Journal of Botany 77(6):783-785.

Ostry, M.E. and K. Woeste. 2004. Spread of Butternut Canker in North America, Host Range, Evidence of Resistance within Butternut Populations and Conservation Genetics. Proceedings of the 6th Walnut Council Research Symposium. General Technical Report No. NC-243.