MDA

Elements

Sensors

An effective layered defense incorporates a wide-range of sensors to detect and track threat missiles through all phases of their trajectory. Satellites and a family of land- and sea-based radars provide worldwide sensor coverage.

Upgraded Early Warning Radars (UEWR)

Three Air Force Early Warning Radars (UEWR), located in Beale, Calif.; Fylingdales, United Kingdom; and Thule, Greenland, were upgraded and integrated into the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS). The upgrades modernized the hardware and software to improve midcourse BMDS sensor coverage by providing critical early warning, tracking, object classification and cueing data. All three UEWRs will transfer to the U.S. Air Force for sustainment in FY12. The Early Warning Radar in Clear, Alaska began the UEWR modernization in FY12.

Cobra Dane Radar

The U.S. Air Force Cobra Dane radar in Shemya, Alaska has been upgraded to include the missile defense mission and has been integrated into the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS).

The upgrade improves midcourse BMDS sensor coverage by providing acquisition, tracking, object classification, and data that can be used for cueing, launch of interceptor missiles, and course updates of interceptors while retaining the site’s legacy intelligence and space track missions. The Cobra Dane Upgrade has transitioned system operations, maintenance and sustainment responsibilities to the Air Force.

Army Navy / Transportable Radar Surveillance (AN/TPY 2)

The Army Navy/Transportable Radar Surveillance and Control, or AN/TPY-2, is a transportable X-band, high-resolution, phased-array radar designed specifically for ballistic missile defense. The AN/TPY-2 is capable of tracking all classes of ballistic missiles and identifying small objects at long distances. This radar plays a vital role in the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) by acting as advanced “eyes” for the system, detecting ballistic missiles early in their flight and providing precise tracking information for use by the system. Use of multiple sensors provides overlapping sensor coverage, expands the BMDS battle space, and complicates an enemy's ability to penetrate the defense system. The same radar provides surveillance, track, discrimination and fire control support for the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) weapon system.

Sea-Based X-Band Radar

The Sea-Based X-Band (SBX) Radar acquires, tracks and discriminates the flight characteristics of ballistic missiles. The SBX provides an advanced capability to the overall Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS), greatly increasing the Missile Defense Agency’s ability to conduct operational and realistic testing of the BMDS, while providing an operational capability to the Combatant Commands.

Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS)

The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) operates the Space Tracking and Surveillance System-Demonstrators (STSS-D). STSS-D constellation consists of two satellites orbiting at 1350 km, 58 degree inclination, with 120 minute orbital period. Using sensors capable of detecting visible and infrared light, STSS-D serves as the experimental space layer of the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS).

SPY-1 Radar

Used aboard Aegis cruisers and destroyers, the SPY-1 Radar is part of the Initial Missile Defense Capability. Planned improvements to existing phased-array S-band radars will enhance the system’s capability to track short-, medium- and long-range interceptors.

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