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Z
- Acetone
- Chemical found in cigarettes. Commonly known as nail polish remover.
- Acupuncture
- Form of traditional Chinese medicine which involves inserting and manipulating
needles into points on the body to treat pain and disease. Scientific
evidence does not support this treatment for smoking cessation purposes
and further research is needed.
- Addiction
- Uncontrollable craving, seeking, and use of a substance such as a drug
or alcohol.
- Ammonia
- Chemical found in cigarettes. Used in household cleaning products.
- Asthma
- A common disorder in which chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes
(bronchi) makes them swell, narrowing the airways.
- Ban
- To prohibit or forbid.
- Betel Quid with Tobacco
-
A dry, preparation of betel leaf, tobacco, areca nut, catechu, and slanked lime
which is used like chewing tobacco and has similar negative health effects. Manufactured
in India. Also known as gutka.
- Bidi Cigarettes
- Small, brown, hand-rolled, flavored cigarette.
- Blood Pressure
- The force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels.
One of the principle vital signs.
- Bronchitis
- The inflammation of the bronchi (airways) in the lungs. Symptoms include
cough and wheezing.
- Bupropion
- Generic name of a prescription antidepressant drug that is used as an
aid for smoking cessation to help smokers quit smoking. The brand name
Zyban has been approved by the FDA as for the purposes of smoking cessation.
Brand Names: Zyban, Wellbutrin.
- Butane
- Chemical found in cigarettes. Also known as lighter fluid.
- Cadmium
- Chemical found in cigarettes. Used in batteries.
- Cancer
- A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control.
Cancer cells can invade nearby tissues and can spread through the bloodstream
and lymphatic system to other parts of the body.
- Cancers related to cigarette smoking: bladder,
cervical, esophageal, kidney, laryngeal, leukemia, lung, oral, pancreatic,
stomach
Cancers related to Smokeless Tobacco: oral cavity (lip,
tongue, cheeks, gums and the floor and roof of the mouth)
Cancers related to Cigar Smoking: oral cavity (lip, tongue,
mouth, and throat), larynx, lung, and esophagus, pancreas
- Surgeon
General's report: "The Health Consequences of Smoking"
- Cancer-Causing Substances
- See Carcinogens.
- Carbon Monoxide
- A colorless, odorless gas found in cigarette smoke.
- Carcinogen
- Substances that cause cancer. These include substances such as chemicals,
viruses, hormones, ionizing radiation, and solid materials.
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Also known as Heart Disease. Class of diseases that involve the heart
or blood vessels. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death
in the United States.
- Cardiovascular diseases related to cigarette smoking: abdominal
aortic aneurysm, atherosclerosis, cerbrovascular disease (stroke), coronary
heart disease.
- http://www.cdc.gov/HeartDisease/index.htm
Surgeon
General's report: "The Health Consequences of Smoking"
- Catapres
- Prescription drug that is used as an aid for smoking cessation, but
is not approved by the FDA for the purposes of smoking cessation. Generic
Name: Clonidine.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- The United States government public health organization whose mission
is "to promote health and quality of life by preventing and controlling
disease, injury, and disability".
- http://www.cdc.gov/
- Cessation
- The act of stopping or discontinuing something, such as quitting smoking
or tobacco use. Cessation Products Items which may be used to aid in quitting
smoking.
- Chantix
- Prescription drug that has been approved by the FDA for the purposes
of smoking cessation. Generic Name: Varenicline
- Chewing Tobacco
- A wad of tobacco that is put inside of the cheek. See Smokeless
Tobacco.
- Chronic Bronchitis
- A respiratory disease in which the mucous membrane in the lungs' bronchial
passages becomes inflamed. As the irritated membrane swells and grows
thicker, it narrows or shuts off the tiny airways in the lungs, resulting
in coughing spells accompanied by thick phlegm and breathlessness. Chronic
bronchitis, like lung disease and emphysema, is a serious
long-term disorder that requires regular medical treatment.
- Chronic Cough
- A cough that lasts for more than three weeks that can be caused by smoking
cigarettes.
- Chronic Lung Disease
- Long term condition that reduces the air capacity of the lungs.
- Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD)
- Refers to lung diseases which block airflow and interfere with normal
breathing. COPD includes Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema.
- Cigar
- A large, rolled bundle of dried and cured tobacco, other additives and
flavorings which is lit on one end and smoked.
- Cigarette
- A small roll of finely cut, cured tobacco, other additives and flavorings
which is lit on one end for the purpose of inhalation of its smoke.
- Clonidine (Clonidine Tablets)
- Generic name of prescription drug that is used as an aid for smoking
cessation, but is not approved by the FDA for the purposes of smoking
cessation. Brand Names: Catapres.
- Clove Cigarettes
- Also known as kreteks, these cigarettes contain about 60 percent tobacco
and 40 percent ground cloves.
- Cold Turkey
- Slang expression for someone who gives up a habit all at once without
behavioral or pharmacological support.
- Compensating
- The tendency for those who smoke 'light' cigarettes
to inhale more deeply; take larger, more rapid, or more frequent puffs;
or smoke a few extra cigarettes each day to get enough nicotine to satisfy
their cravings.
- Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act (CSTHEA)
- Passed in 1986 to inform the public of any dangers to human health resulting
from the use of smokeless tobacco products. It requires that anyone who
manufactures, packages, or imports smokeless tobacco products to submit
to the Department of Health and Human Services the list of ingredients
added to tobacco in the manufacture of smokeless tobacco products as well
as a specification of the quantity of nicotine contained in each smokeless
tobacco product.
- Coronary Artery Disease
- See Coronary Heart Disease.
- Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
- A narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen
to the heart. CHD is also called coronary artery disease.
- Craving
- A great yearning.
- Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
- The United States government's principal agency for protecting the health
of all Americans and providing essential human services.
- http://www.hhs.gov/index.html
- Dip
- See Smokeless Tobacco and Chewing
Tobacco.
- Drugs associated with Smoking Cessation
- Bupropion, Catapres,
Chantix, Clonidine, Commit,
Duaclon, Habitrol, Nicoderm, Nicoderm CQ, Nicotrol, Prostep, Varenicline,
Wellbutrin, Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, Zyban.
- Emphysema
- Chronic obstructive lung disease characterized by shortness of breath
and usually caused by chronic tobacco smoking. Its hallmark is accumulation
of air and loss of elastic recoil in the lung tissues.
- Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act
(FCLAA)
- Defines a cigarette as "any roll of tobacco wrapped in paper or in any
substance not containing tobacco.[and] any roll of tobacco wrapped in
any substance containing tobacco which, because of its appearance, the
type of tobacco used in the filler, or its packaging and labeling, is
likely to be offered to, or purchased by, consumers as a cigarette…"
- Filter
- A porous material which a liquid or gas may pass through.
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- The United States government's scientific, regulatory, and public health
agency that is responsible for protecting the public health by assuring
the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological
products, medical devices, our nation's food supply, cosmetics, and products
that emit radiation.
- http://www.fda.gov/
- Gutka
- See Betal Quid with Tobacco.
- Health
- A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not just
the absence of disease or illness, with the ability to lead a socially
and economically productive life.
- Heart Disease
- Also known as Cardiovascular Disease. Class of diseases that involve
the heart or blood vessels. Heart disease is the leading cause of death
in the United States.
- http://www.cdc.gov/HeartDisease/index.htm
- Herbal Cigarettes
- Tobacco- and nicotine-free cigarettes. They produce many of the same
toxins found in tobacco smoke, including tar and carbon
monoxide.
- Hookah
- See Water Pipe.
- Hypnosis
- Alternative state of consciousness where attention is away from the
present and towards particular images, thoughts, perceptions, feelings,
motivations, sensations, behaviors or a combination of these. Scientific
evidence does not support this treatment for smoking cessation purposes
and further research is needed.
- Infection
- Invasion and multiplication of germs in the body. Infections can occur
in any part of the body, and can be localized or systemic (spread throughout
the body). The germs may be bacteria, viruses, yeast, or fungi. They can
cause a fever and other problems, depending on the site of the infection.
- Inhaler
- A device through which a substance is taken into the lungs.
- Involuntary Smoking
- See Second-hand Smoke.
- Instant Messaging
- The ability to exchange real time messages with another computer user
on the Internet.
- Iq'Mik
- A form of smokeless tobacco used among Alaska
Natives made of a blend of tobacco and phellinus ash (punk ash).
- Kreteks
- See Clove Cigarettes.
- Laser Therapy
- Similar to acupuncture, but uses a device
(a laser) which emits radiation of one or more discrete frequencies instead
of needles. Scientific evidence does not support this treatment for smoking
cessation purposes and further research is needed.
- Light Cigarettes
- Cigarettes which claim to contain lower tar and nicotine.
Light cigarettes are not safer and do not help smokers quit. Also known
as "low-tar", "mild", or "ultra-light". See Compensating.
- http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Tobacco/light-cigarettes
- Live Help
- A web service that allows organizations with websites to communicate
or chat live with visitors to the website.
- Low Birth Weight
- Infants who are born weighing less than 2500 grams. A known outcome
of maternal smoking.
- Low Tar
- Cigarettes which are marketed with less Tar. See Tar.
- Mainstream
- Smoke which comes out through a person's mouth after inhaling it from
a cigarette
- Metabolism
- The processing of substances within the body.
- Methanol
- Chemical found in cigarettes. Also a component of rocket fuel.
- Morbidity
- Disease; Incidence of disease
- Mortality
- Death; Death Rate
- Nic Water
- Water marketed as a dietary supplement nicotine alternative. Note: Dietary
supplements are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA).
- Nicotine
- A poisonous volatile alkaloid derived from tobacco and responsible for
many of the effects of tobacco; it first stimulates (small doses) then
depresses (large doses).
- Nicotine Gum
- An over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy drug which provides
a source of nicotine apart from smoking. An example of the gum is Majorette.
See Nicotine (Systemic).
- Nicotine Inhaler
- An over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy drug which release
a mist of nicotine into one's lungs. An example of the inhaler is Nicotrol.
See Nicotine (Systemic).
- Nicotine Lozenge
- An over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy drug which dissolves
in the mouth. Common types of nicotine lozenge include Commit and Ariva.
See Nicotine (Systemic).
- Nicotine Nasal Spray
- An over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy drug which is pumped
into the nostril and sprays nicotine. An example of the nasal spray is
Nicotrol. See Nicotine (Systemic).
- Nicotine Patch
- An over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy drug which looks like
an oversized adhesive bandage. The outer part of the patch sticks to your
skin, while the inner portion slowly releases nicotine into your skin.
Nicotine patches are available with and without a prescription. An example
of the nicotine patch is Nicoderm CQ. See Nicotine (Systemic).
- Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
- Nicotine replacement products help relieve some of the withdrawal symptoms
people experience when they quit smoking. These products are available
over-the-counter and with a prescription.
- Nicotine (Systemic)
- Nicotine in forms such as gum, lozenge, nasal spray, inhaler, or transdermal
skin patch which aids in smoking cessation. These drugs which are approved
by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) help with
the withdrawal effects of smoking and act as replacement of the nicotine
that one would get from smoking. Common Brand Names: Commit, Nicoderm
CQ, Nicorette, Nicotrol.
- Nicotine Vaccine
- A new smoking cessation treatment that is under development and not
yet available to the public. Common name: NikVax.
- Nortriptyline
- Prescription drug approved by the FDA as an antidepressant medication
but not approved in as a smoking-cessation therapy.
- Over-the-Counter
- Medications/drugs that are sold without a prescription from a doctor.
- Passive Smoking
- See Second-hand Smoke.
- Phlegm
- Mucus which is coughed up from the lungs
- Pipe
- A tube with a small bowl at one end that is filled with tobacco, lit,
and smoked.
- Pneumonia
- An inflammatory infection that occurs in the lungs.
- Premature Death
- Death which occurs before the average age of death.
- Premature Delivery
- Baby which is born before 38 weeks gestation.
- Prescription
- Medications/drugs that are sold with a written order from a doctor.
- Prevention
- Behaviors which reduce the risk of illness. Smoking cessation is one
way to reduce the risk of illnesses associated with cigarette smoking.
- Primary Cancer
- Where cancer starts. For instance, primary lung cancer starts in the
lungs. See Secondary Cancer.
- Pulmonary Function
- How well the lungs are working including expanding and contracting (inhaling
and exhaling) and exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently between
the air (or other gases) within the lungs and the blood.
- Pulse
- Heart Rate; Heart Beat.
- Quit
- Putting an end to a state or an activity; give up; discontinue. See
Cessation.
- Quitline
- A toll-free hotline staffed by counselors trained specifically on quitting
smoking.
- Recovery
- Returning to an original state or condition.
- Respiratory Diseases
- Illness that affects the upper respiratory tract (e.g. nose, throat),
respiratory airways (bronchi, voice box) and/or lungs.
- Respiratory diseases related to cigarette smoking: chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease, pneumonia, respiratory effects in utero, respiratory
effects in childhood and adolescence, respiratory effects in adulthood,
coughing, phlegm, wheezing, and dyspnea, poor asthma control.
- Surgeon
General's report: "The Health Consequences of Smoking"
- Relapse
- When a person is affected by a condition that affected them in the past,
such as an illness or addiction to a drug.
- Relaxation Technique
- A method used to reduce tension and anxiety, and control pain.
- http://www.cancer.gov/Templates/db_alpha.aspx?CdrID=44723
- Rimonabant
- Prescription drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) as an anti-obesity medication but not approved in as a smoking-cessation
therapy.
- Second-hand Smoke
- Environmental tobacco smoke that is inhaled involuntarily or passively
by someone who is not smoking. Environmental tobacco smoke is generated
from the sidestream (the burning end) of a cigarette, pipe or cigar or
from the exhaled mainstream (the smoke puffed out by smokers) of cigarettes,
pipes, and cigars. Also known as passive or involuntary
smoking.
- Secondary Cancer
- Cancer that has spread from that place it started (primary
cancer) to another part of the body or a new primary cancer.
- Self Medication
- Medicating yourself without professional supervision, such as using
an over-the-counter drug.
- Short-Term After-Effects
- Feelings one might experience shortly after stopping smoking that last
for a short amount of time such as anxious, irritable, hungry, more tired,
difficulty sleeping, and difficulty concentrating.
- Sidestream
- Smoke that comes from the lit end of a cigar, cigarette or pipe.
- Smoke-Free
- Places that do not allow smoking. A way to reduce exposure to second-hand
smoke.
- Smokeless Tobacco
- Tobacco that is not smoked but used in another form. Chewing
tobacco and snuff are the two main forms of smokeless
tobacco in use in the United States. Sometimes called spit
tobacco.
- The Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act (CSTHEA), 15
U.S.C. §4408, defines smokeless tobacco as "any finely cut, ground,
powdered, or leaf tobacco that is intended to be placed in the oral cavity."
- Smoker
- A person who smokes tobacco.
- Smoking
- The act of drawing in or inhaling smoke of burning tobacco in a cigarette,
pipe or cigar and exhaling it.
- Smoking Cessation Program
- A plan of action that facilitates quitting smoking.
- Smoking Injection
- A smoking cessation therapy that is offered by some smoking cessation
clinics. Although the medications commonly used in these injections are
approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
for the treatment of various medical conditions, they have not been approved
as a treatment for smoking cessation.
- Snuff
- Finely ground or shredded tobacco that is either sniffed through the
nose or placed between the cheek and gum.
- Spit Tobacco
- See Smokeless Tobacco.
- Stimulant
- A chemical or drug, such as caffeine or nicotine,
that temporarily accelerates physiological activity.
- Stroke
- Occurs when the blood flow to the brain is blocked and oxygen cannot
get to the brain causing cells in the brain to die. Also called cerebrovascular
incident. Smoking has been linked to a heightened risk of stroke.
- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
- The sudden and unexpected death of a baby with no known illness, typically
affecting sleeping infants between the ages of 2 weeks to 6 months.
- Surgeon General
- The Surgeon General serves as America's chief health educator by providing
Americans the best scientific information available on how to improve
their health and reduce the risk of illness and injury.
- http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/
- Tar
- Toxic chemicals which are found in cigarettes. In its solid form, it
is the brown, tacky substance that is left behind on the end of the cigarette
filter.
- Teenager
- A person between the ages of about 13 and 19. Also known as Teen or
Adolescent.
- Therapy
- Treatment of an illness, disease or disability. Therapy may be scientifically
proven to treat an illness or unproven to treat an illness. Unproven treatments
are also called alternative therapy.
- Tobacco
- A plant with leaves that have high levels of the addictive chemical
nicotine. The leaves may be smoked (in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes),
applied to the gums (as dipping and chewing tobacco), or inhaled (as snuff).
Tobacco leaves also contain many cancer-causing chemicals, and tobacco
use and exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke have been linked to many
types of cancer and other diseases. The scientific name is Nicotiana tabacum.
Tobacco is American in origin.
- http://www.cancer.gov/Templates/db_alpha.aspx?CdrID=439432
- Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines (TSNAs)
- The most powerful carcinogens known and are
found in tobacco products. These carcinogens are known to cause several
cancers and other diseases and illnesses.
- Transdermal Skin Patch
- A medicated adhesive patch that is put on the skin to release a dose
of medication through the skin into the bloodstream.
- Trigger
- Something that initiates a reaction, such as a cigarette craving.
- Ultra Light
- See Light Cigarette.
- Vaccine
- See Nicotine Vaccine.
- Varenicline
- Prescription drug that has been approved by the Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) for the purposes of smoking cessation.
Brand Name: Chantix.
- Water Pipe
- A device used for smoking substances, such as tobacco,
where the smoke is drawn through water or ice and cooled before inhaling.
- Weight
- See Weight Gain.
- Weight Gain
- An increase in body weight which is common after quitting smoking.
- Wellbutrin
- Prescription antidepressant drug that is used as an aid for smoking
cessation, but is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) for the purposes of smoking cessation. Generic Name: Bupropion.
- Withdrawal
- Physical and psychological symptoms that follow the discontinuance of
an addicting drug. The symptoms that have been associated with smoking
cessation include cravings to smoke, irritability, anxiety, insomnia,
fatigue, dizziness, inability to concentrate, increased appetite, headache,
cough, sore throat, constipation, gas, dry mouth, sore tongue and/or gums,
postnasal drip, tightness in chest.
- Zyban
- Prescription antidepressant drug that is approved by the FDA as an aid
for smoking cessation. Generic Name: Bupropion.