ACGIH [1996]. 1995–1996 threshold limit values (TLVs) for chemical
substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices (BELs). Cincinnati,
OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, pp. 84-87.
American Meat Institute and Ergo Tech, Inc. [1990]. Setting up an ergonomics
program: meat industry. Arlington, VA: American Meat Institute.
ANSI [1986]. American national standard: guide for the measurement and
evaluation of human exposure to vibration transmitted to the hand. New
York, NY: American National Standards Institute, S3.34 1986.
ANSI [1996]. American national standard: control of work-related cumulative
trauma disorders. Part I: upper extremities. New York, NY: American National
Standards Institute, Z-365-1996. Unpublished draft.
Armstrong TJ, Buckle P, Fine LJ, Hadberg M, Jonsson B, Kilbom A, et
al. [1993]. A conceptual model for work-related neck and upper-limb musculoskeletal
disorders. Scand J Work Environ Health 19(2):73–84.
Astrand P, Rodahl K [1986]. Textbook of work physiology. New York, NY:
McGraw Hill.
Bhattacharya A, Habes D, Putz-Anderson V [1985]. Suggested preliminary
guidelines for the development of work practice procedures for carpet
layers. Las Vegas, NV: American Industrial Hygiene Conference.
BLS [1995]. Workplace injuries and illnesses by selected characteristics,
1993. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
USDL 95–142.
BLS [1996]. Characteristics of injuries and illnesses resulting in absences
from work, 1994. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, USDL 96–163.
Buckle PW, Stubbs DA, Randle IPM, Nicholson AS [1992]. Limitations in
the application of materials handling guidelines. Ergonomics 35(9):955–964.
Cascio WF [1991]. Applied psychology in personnel management. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Chapter 6.
CCOHS [1988]. Ergonomics—a basic guide. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada:
Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety.
Chaffin DB, Andersson GB [1984]. Occupational biomechanics. New York,
NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Chaffin DB, Andersson GBJ [1991]. Michigan 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional
static strength prediction program. Described in: Occupational biomechanics.
New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Cohen A [1977]. Factors in successful occupational safety programs.
J Safety Res 9(4):168–178.
Colligan, M, ed. [1994]. Occupational safety and health training. Occup
Med: State of the Art Reviews 9(2).
Corlett EN, Bishop RP [1976]. A technique for assessing postural discomfort.
Ergonomics 19(2):175–182.
Davis K, Newstrom JW [1985]. Human behavior at work: organizational
behavior. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Co., pp. 224–229.
Estill CF, McGlothlin JD [1994]. Closeout letter for Frigidaire Company,
Webster City Iowa, August 31–September 1. Cincinnati, OH: U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health.
Fransson-Hall C, Bystron S, Kilbom Å [1995]. Self-reported physical
exposure and musculoskeletal symptoms of the forearm-hand among automobile
assembly-line workers. J Occup Environ Med 37(9):1136–1144.
Frymoyer JW, Cats-Baril WL [1991]. An overview of the incidence and
costs of low back pain. Orthop Clin North Am 22:262–271.
Garg A, Moore JS [1992]. Epidemiology of low back pain. In: Moore JS,
Garg A, eds. Occup Med: State of the Art Reviews 7(4):599–608.
Gjessing CG, Schoenborn TF, Cohen A, eds. [1994]. Participatory ergonomic
interventions in meat packing plants. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94–124.
Grant KA, Putz-Anderson V, Cohen, AL [1995]. Applied ergonomics. In:
Cralley LJ, Cralley LV, eds. Patty's industrial hygiene and toxicology.
Vol. 3. Part B. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 10.
Guo H, Tanaka S, Cameron L, Seligman P, Behrens V, Ger J, et al. [1995].
Back pain among workers in the United States: national estimates and
workers at high risks. Am J Ind Med 28(5):591–602.
Habes D, Grant KA [in press]. An electromyographic study of maximum
torques and upper extremity muscle activity in simulated screwdriver
task. Int J Ind Ergonomics.
Hales TR, Bertsche PK [1992]. Management of upper extremity cumulative
trauma disorders. AAOHN J 40(3):118–128.
Hidalgo J, Genaidy A, Karwowski W, Christensen D, Huston R, Stambough
J [1995]. A cross validation of the NIOSH limits for manual lifting.
Ergonomics 38(12):2455–2464.
Hoffman DA, Jacobs R, Landy F [1995]. High reliability process industries:
individual, micro, and macro organizational influences on safety performance.
J Safety Res 26(3):131–149.
ISO [1985]. Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration. Geneva,
Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization. ISO Standard
2631.
Karwowski W [1993]. Back injury at work: a new beginning for prevention
(editorial). Ergonomics 36(7):747–748.
Keyserling WM, Stetson DS, Silverstein BA, Brouwer ML [1993]. A checklist
for evaluating ergonomic risk factors associated with upper extremity
cumulative trauma disorders. Ergonomics 36(7):807–831.
Kilbom Å [1994]. Repetitive work of the upper extremity Part II:
the scientific basis (knowledge base) for the guide. Int J Ind Ergonomics
14:59–86.
Kraus JF, Brown KA, McArthur DL, Peek-Asa C, Samaniego L, Kraus C, et
al. [1996]. Reduction of acute lower back injuries by use of back supports.
Int J Occup Environ Health 2:264–273.
Kroemer K, Kroemer H, Kroemer-Elbert K [1994]. Ergonomics-how to design
for ease and efficiency. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, pp. 15–51.
Kuorinka I, Forcier L, eds. [1995]. Identification, measurement and
evaluation of risk. Chapter 4. In: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders
(WRMDs): A reference book for prevention. Bristol, PA: Taylor & Francis.
LaBar G [1989]. Employee involvement yields improved safety record.
Occup Hazards 51(5):101–104.
LaBar G [1994]. Safety at Saturn: a team effort. Occup Hazards 56(3):41–44.
Lapore BA, Olson CN, Tomer GM [1984]. The dollars and cents of occupational
back injury prevention training. Clin Manage 4:38–40.
Lawler III EE [1991]. High-involvement management. San Francisco, CA:
Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Leamon TB [1994]. Research to reality: a critical review of the validity
of various criteria for the prevention of occupationally induced low
back pain disability. Ergonomics 37(12):1959–1974.
Liira JP, Shannon HS, Chambers LW, Haines TA [1996]. Long term back
problems and physical work exposures in the 1990 Ontario health survey.
Am J Public Health 86(3):382–387.
Lin L, Cohen HH [1983]. Development and evaluation of an employee hazard
reporting and management information system in a hospital. Morgantown,
WV: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,
Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, Division of Safety Research. Safety Sciences Report on Contract
No. 210-81-3102.
Marras WS, Lavender SA, Leurgens SE, Rajulu SL, Allread WG, Fathallah
FA, et al. [1993]. The role of dynamic three-dimensional trunk motion
in occupationally-related low back disorders: the effects of workplace
factors, trunk position, and trunk motion characteristics on risk of
injury. Spine 18(5):617–628.
Marras WS, Lavender SE, Leurgens SE, Fathallah FA, Ferguson SA, Allread
WG, et al. [1995]. Biomechanical risk factors for occupationally-related
low back disorders. Ergonomics 28(2):377–410.
McGlothlin JD [1995]. Ergonomic interventions for the soft drink beverage
delivery industry. In: de Moraes A, Marino S, eds. Proceedings of the
International Ergonomics Association World Conference. Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, October 16–20.
McKenzie F, Storment J, Van Hoom P, Armstrong TJ [1985]. A program for
control of repetitive trauma disorders in a telecommunications manufacturing
facility. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 46(11):674–678.
Moon SD, Sauter SL, eds. [1996]. Beyond biomechanics: psychosocial aspects
of musculoskeletal disorders in office work. Bristol, PA: Taylor & Francis,
Inc.
NIOSH [1981]. Work practices guide for manual materials handling. Cincinnati,
OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,
Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication 81–122.
NIOSH [1989]. Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure
to hand-arm vibration. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication
No. 89–106.
NIOSH [1994]. Workplace use of back belts; review and recommendations.
Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public
Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication
No. 94–122. (A NIOSH Pamphlet, publication number 94-127, "Back
Belts - Do They Prevent Injury?" is available on the NIOSH Homepage.)
NIOSH [1996]. Ergonomic interventions for the soft drink beverage delivery
industry. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
Public Health Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication
96–109.
NIOSH [1997]. Bernard B, ed. Musculoskeletal disorders and workplace
factors: A critical review of epidemiologic evidence for work-related
musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, upper extremity, and low back.
Second Printing. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication
Number 97-141.
Noro K, Imada AS [1991]. Participatory ergonomics. Bristol, PA: Taylor & Francis
Inc.
NSC [1988]. Making the job easier—an ergonomics idea book. Itasca,
IL: National Safety Council.
NSC [1995]. Accident facts. Itasca, IL: National Safety Council.
Orgel DL, Milliron MJ, Frederick LJ [1992]. Musculoskeletal discomfort
in grocery express checkstand workers. An ergonomic intervention study.
J Occup Med 34(6):815–818.
OSHA [1993]. Ergonomics program management guidelines for meat packing
plants. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety
and Health Administration, OSHA Report 3123.
OTA [1995]. Preventing illness and injury in the workplace. Washington,
DC: Office of Technology Assessment, pp. 117–118.
Oxenburgh M [1991]. Increasing productivity and profit through health
and safety. Sydney, Australia: CCH International.
Parker KG, Inbus HR [1992]. Cumulative trauma disorders. Current issues
and ergonomic solutions: a systems approach. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers.
Peters RH [1989]. Review of recent research on organizational and behavioral
factors associated with mine safety. Washington, DC: U.S. Department
of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Information Circular 9232.
Pope MH, Anderson GBJ, Frymoyer JW, et al. [1991]. Occupational low
back pain: assessment, treatment, and prevention. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year
Book, pp. 105–108.
Putz-Anderson V, ed. [1988]. Cumulative trauma disorders—a manual
for musculoskeletal diseases of the upper limb. Bristol, PA: Taylor & Francis
Inc.
Ranney D, Wells R, Moore A [1995]. Upper limb musculoskeletal disorders
in highly repetitive industries: precise anatomical physical findings.
Ergonomics 38(7):1408–1423.
Riihimäki H [1991]. Low back pain, its origins and risk indicators.
Scand J Work Environ Health 17(2):81–90.
Salvendy G, Smith MJ, eds. [1981]. Machine pacing and occupational stress.
In: Proceedings of an International Conference, Purdue University. Bristol,
PA: Taylor and Francis.
Sauter SL, Schleifer LM, Knutson SJ [1991]. Work posture, work station
design and musculoskeletal discomfort in VDT data entry task. Hum Factors
33(2):151–167.
Schermerhorn JR Jr., Hunt JG, Osborn RN [1985]. Managing organizations.
New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 638–640.
Silverstein BJ, Fine LJ, Armstrong TJ [1986]. Occupational factors and
the carpal tunnel syndrome. Am J Ind Med 11(3):343–358.
Snook SH, Ciriello VM [1991]. The design of manual handling tasks: revised
tables of maximum acceptable weights and forces. Ergonomics 34(9):1197–1213.
Szabo RM, Chidgey LK [1989]. Stress carpal tunnel pressures in patients
with carpal tunnel syndrome and normal patients. J Hand Surg 14A(4):624–627.
Tanaka S, Wild D, Seligman P, Halperin W, Behrens V, Putz-Anderson V
[1995]. Prevalence and work-relatedness of self-reported carpal tunnel
syndrome among U.S. workers: analysis of the occupational health supplement
data to the 1988 National Health Interview Survey. Am J Ind Med 27(4):451–470.
UAW-GM Center for Health and Safety [1990]. UAW-GM ergonomics: ergonomics
handbook. Madison Heights, MI: UAW-GM Center for Health and Safety.
Ulin SS, Armstrong T, Snook SH, et al. [1993]. Perceived exertion and
discomfort associated with driving screws at various locations and at
different frequencies. Ergonomics 36(7):833–846.
Waters TR, Putz-Anderson V, Garg A [1994]. Applications manual for the
revised NIOSH lifting equation. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94–110.
Waters TR, Putz-Anderson V, Garg A, Fine LJ [1993]. Revised lifting
equation for the design and evaluation of lifting tasks. Ergonomics 36(7):749–776.
Webster BS, Snook SH [1994]. The cost of 1989 workers' compensation
low back pain claims. Spine 10:1111–1115.
Westgaard RH, Winkel J [1996]. Guidelines for occupational musculoskeletal
load as a basis for intervention: a critical review. Appl Ergonomics
27:79–88.
Winkel J, Westgaard R [1992]. Occupational and individual risk factors
for shoulder-neck complaints: Part I-guidelines for the practitioner.
Int J Ind Ergonomics. 10(1/2):79–83.
|