Client-Centered Counseling Client-centered counseling refers to counseling conducted in an interactive manner responsive to individual client needs. The focus is on developing prevention objectives and strategies with the client rather than simply providing information. An understanding of the unique circumstances of the client is required - behaviors, sexual identity, race/ethnicity, culture, knowledge, and social and economic status.

Cultural Competence In the context of PCM, services provided in a style and format respectful of the cultural norms, values, and traditions that are endorsed by community leaders and accepted by the target population.

Patient Referral In the context of notifying sex and needle-sharing partners, when the patient, that is client, notifies and refers his or her own partners for testing.

Provider Referral In the context of notifying sex and needle-sharing partners, when health professionals, usually from the health department, notify the patient's partners of their exposure.

Medical and Psychosocial In the context of PCM, "medical" and "psychosocial" encompasses the medical, psychological, and social domains of an individual.

Outcome Evaluation Outcome evaluation involves the assessment of the immediate or direct effects of a program on the program participants, for example, the degree to which the program increased knowledge of HIV/AIDS, perceived risk of infection, and/or decreased intent of engaging in risk behaviors related to HIV transmission. Outcome evaluation also assesses the extent to which a program attains its objectives related to intended short- and long-term change for a target population.

Prevention Case Management PCM is a client-centered HIV prevention activity with the fundamental goal of promoting the adoption of HIV risk-reduction behaviors by clients with multiple, complex problems and risk-reduction needs. PCM is a hybrid of HIV risk-reduction counseling and traditional case management that provides intensive, on-going, and individualized prevention counseling, support, and service brokerage.

Primary Prevention The aim of primary prevention is to reduce the incidence of disease and injury (Last and Wallace 1992). As related to HIV prevention, the aim of primary prevention is to reduce the transmission and acquisition of HIV infection through a variety of strategies, activities, interventions, and services.

Process Evaluation Process evaluation provides a descriptive assessment of a program's actual operation and the level of effort taken to reach desired results, that is, what was done, to whom, and how, when, and where.

Secondary Prevention The aim of secondary prevention is to reduce the prevalence of disease and disability (Last and Wallace 1992). As related to HIV prevention, the aim of secondary prevention is to prevent a person living with HIV from becoming ill or dying as a result of HIV, opportunistic infections, or AIDS through a variety of strategies, activities, interventions, and services.

Go to Appendix B