Fat-Soluble Vitamins & Micronutrients: Vitamins A and E and Carotenoids
Serum lutein/zeaxanthin
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Table 2.7.a. Serum lutein/zeaxanthin: Total population
Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in µg/dL) for the total U.S. population aged 3 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2002. |
|
Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval) |
Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval) |
Sample
size |
|
10th |
50th |
90th |
Males and Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
13.0 |
(12.5-13.6) |
7.00 |
(6.60-7.30) |
12.8 |
(12.2-13.5) |
25.0 |
(24.0-25.8) |
8353 |
3–5 years |
12.5 |
(11.8-13.2) |
7.30 |
(7.00-7.90) |
12.5 |
(12.0-13.4) |
20.7 |
(18.5-22.7) |
430 |
6–11 years |
12.5 |
(11.9-13.2) |
7.60 |
(7.00-8.20) |
12.4 |
(11.6-13.2) |
20.3 |
(19.1-21.8) |
1014 |
12–19 years |
10.4 |
(9.91-11.0) |
6.10 |
(5.70-6.60) |
10.4 |
(9.80-11.1) |
17.8 |
(16.5-19.1) |
2205 |
20–39 years |
12.1 |
(11.5-12.9) |
6.30 |
(6.00-6.80) |
12.0 |
(11.2-12.8) |
23.0 |
(21.7-24.4) |
1714 |
40–59 years |
14.4 |
(13.6-15.2) |
7.70 |
(7.40-8.30) |
14.2 |
(13.5-15.0) |
27.3 |
(25.5-29.6) |
1468 |
60 years and older |
15.2 |
(14.3-16.2) |
7.60 |
(7.00-8.30) |
15.3 |
(14.3-16.5) |
30.0 |
(27.3-32.5) |
1522 |
Males |
Total, 3 years and older |
13.0 |
(12.5-13.5) |
7.00 |
(6.70-7.30) |
13.0 |
(12.4-13.6) |
24.9 |
(23.5-26.0) |
4049 |
3–5 years |
12.2 |
(11.0-13.5) |
7.30 |
(6.40-8.00) |
12.1 |
(10.8-13.8) |
19.5 |
(18.2-21.8) |
217 |
6–11 years |
12.6 |
(11.7-13.4) |
7.70 |
(6.40-8.60) |
12.5 |
(11.5-13.5) |
21.3 |
(19.4-24.6) |
507 |
12–19 years |
10.3 |
(9.71-10.9) |
5.90 |
(5.30-6.30) |
10.2 |
(9.60-10.9) |
17.7 |
(16.5-18.9) |
1091 |
20–39 years |
12.4 |
(11.7-13.1) |
6.70 |
(6.20-7.10) |
12.4 |
(11.2-13.2) |
22.8 |
(21.6-24.5) |
724 |
40–59 years |
14.5 |
(13.8-15.3) |
7.90 |
(7.30-8.50) |
14.5 |
(13.7-15.5) |
27.6 |
(25.5-30.4) |
761 |
60 years and older |
14.5 |
(13.4-15.8) |
7.30 |
(6.30-8.50) |
14.7 |
(13.3-16.4) |
28.5 |
(24.9-32.0) |
749 |
Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
13.1 |
(12.5-13.7) |
6.80 |
(6.50-7.10) |
12.7 |
(12.2-13.5) |
25.0 |
(24.1-25.9) |
4304 |
3–5 years |
12.8 |
(11.6-14.1) |
7.50 |
(6.40-8.10) |
12.6 |
(11.8-13.8) |
21.4 |
(17.6-26.5) |
213 |
6–11 years |
12.5 |
(11.9-13.2) |
7.90 |
(7.00-8.90) |
12.2 |
(11.5-13.3) |
19.4 |
(18.0-20.7) |
507 |
12–19 years |
10.6 |
(9.95-11.3) |
6.50 |
(5.60-7.00) |
10.4 |
(9.90-11.3) |
17.9 |
(16.5-20.2) |
1114 |
20–39 years |
11.9 |
(11.1-12.8) |
6.20 |
(5.80-6.90) |
11.6 |
(10.7-12.5) |
23.0 |
(20.8-25.1) |
990 |
40–59 years |
14.2 |
(13.2-15.2) |
7.60 |
(7.10-8.40) |
13.9 |
(13.0-14.7) |
26.8 |
(24.8-30.2) |
707 |
60 years and older |
15.8 |
(14.9-16.7) |
8.00 |
(7.10-8.70) |
15.7 |
(14.6-17.5) |
32.0 |
(27.6-33.7) |
773 |
Table 2.7.b. Serum lutein/zeaxanthin: Mexican Americans
Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in µg/dL) for Mexican Americans in the U.S. population aged 3 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2002. |
|
Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval) |
Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval) |
Sample
size |
|
10th |
50th |
90th |
Males and Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
13.7 |
(13.3-14.1) |
7.70 |
(7.30-8.10) |
13.5 |
(13.1-14.0) |
24.1 |
(23.0-25.1) |
2114 |
3–5 years |
12.5 |
(11.3-13.9) |
7.20 |
(5.80-9.70) |
12.5 |
(11.8-13.8) |
19.1 |
(16.9-22.5) |
126 |
6–11 years |
12.4 |
(11.5-13.2) |
8.00 |
(6.40-9.20) |
12.2 |
(11.6-12.8) |
19.2 |
(17.2-21.2) |
290 |
12–19 years |
10.8 |
(10.4-11.1) |
6.70 |
(6.00-6.80) |
10.6 |
(10.2-11.0) |
18.0 |
(16.7-18.9) |
696 |
20–39 years |
14.4 |
(13.5-15.4) |
8.10 |
(7.10-8.60) |
14.9 |
(13.8-15.9) |
24.4 |
(23.0-25.7) |
460 |
40–59 years |
15.7 |
(14.3-17.1) |
8.90 |
(8.20-9.50) |
15.5 |
(13.9-16.7) |
28.4 |
(23.9-32.9) |
287 |
60 years and older |
15.8 |
(15.0-16.7) |
8.00 |
(6.00-9.70) |
16.0 |
(14.4-17.4) |
32.5 |
(27.3-34.3) |
255 |
Males |
Total, 3 years and older |
14.1 |
(13.6-14.6) |
8.10 |
(7.40-8.40) |
14.2 |
(13.7-14.6) |
24.1 |
(22.6-26.1) |
1018 |
3–5 years |
12.8 |
(10.6-15.4) |
6.70† |
(5.30-10.8) |
13.1 |
(11.3-15.4) |
19.1† |
(15.9-25.7) |
62 |
6–11 years |
12.2 |
(11.2-13.2) |
8.20 |
(6.30-9.30) |
12.3 |
(11.4-12.9) |
19.1 |
(15.7-22.5) |
140 |
12–19 years |
10.7 |
(10.1-11.3) |
6.60 |
(5.70-7.00) |
10.4 |
(9.60-11.4) |
18.2 |
(15.6-20.1) |
330 |
20–39 years |
15.0 |
(14.0-15.9) |
8.60 |
(7.30-9.90) |
15.8 |
(14.4-16.5) |
23.9 |
(22.1-26.2) |
213 |
40–59 years |
17.4 |
(15.7-19.3) |
9.50 |
(8.90-11.4) |
17.3 |
(14.8-19.9) |
31.6 |
(26.6-36.4) |
147 |
60 years and older |
15.3 |
(14.0-16.6) |
7.70 |
(5.70-9.80) |
14.9 |
(13.4-17.4) |
29.5 |
(25.8-37.9) |
126 |
Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
13.2 |
(12.8-13.6) |
7.40 |
(6.90-7.70) |
13.0 |
(12.5-13.5) |
23.9 |
(21.9-25.1) |
1096 |
3–5 years |
12.3 |
(10.8-14.0) |
6.70† |
(5.00-10.0) |
12.4 |
(9.90-14.9) |
18.5† |
(16.0-22.5) |
64 |
6–11 years |
12.6 |
(11.7-13.6) |
8.30 |
(6.40-9.30) |
12.4 |
(11.6-13.5) |
19.2 |
(16.6-24.2) |
150 |
12–19 years |
10.9 |
(10.4-11.4) |
6.80 |
(6.10-7.40) |
10.9 |
(10.2-11.3) |
17.5 |
(16.2-19.7) |
366 |
20–39 years |
13.8 |
(12.7-15.0) |
7.30 |
(6.60-8.20) |
13.8 |
(12.2-15.8) |
24.9 |
(23.8-26.5) |
247 |
40–59 years |
14.0 |
(12.5-15.6) |
8.20 |
(6.80-9.10) |
13.9 |
(12.3-15.9) |
22.7 |
(18.7-30.8) |
140 |
60 years and older |
16.3 |
(15.2-17.6) |
8.60 |
(6.00-11.3) |
16.0 |
(13.8-19.0) |
32.5 |
(26.4-34.3) |
129 |
† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size. |
Table 2.7.c. Serum lutein/zeaxanthin: Non-Hispanic blacks
Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in µg/dL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the U.S. population aged 3 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2002. |
|
Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval) |
Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval) |
Sample
size |
|
10th |
50th |
90th |
Males and Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
14.3 |
(13.2-15.5) |
8.10 |
(7.30-8.80) |
14.2 |
(12.8-15.5) |
26.1 |
(24.1-28.5) |
1992 |
3–5 years |
15.4 |
(14.0-17.1) |
9.80 |
(8.50-11.2) |
15.3 |
(13.0-18.2) |
24.5 |
(19.6-32.5) |
128 |
6–11 years |
15.3 |
(14.4-16.3) |
9.50 |
(8.50-10.3) |
15.7 |
(14.7-16.6) |
24.7 |
(22.4-25.3) |
340 |
12–19 years |
12.5 |
(11.6-13.5) |
7.80 |
(7.20-8.50) |
12.5 |
(11.4-13.7) |
19.6 |
(17.9-22.2) |
671 |
20–39 years |
13.3 |
(11.9-14.8) |
7.50 |
(6.70-8.10) |
12.8 |
(11.4-14.4) |
25.3 |
(21.8-28.6) |
319 |
40–59 years |
14.9 |
(13.6-16.4) |
8.60 |
(7.00-9.40) |
15.5 |
(13.2-17.2) |
28.2 |
(24.7-31.2) |
291 |
60 years and older |
17.6 |
(15.1-20.5) |
9.10 |
(7.30-11.2) |
17.7 |
(14.7-21.5) |
33.7 |
(29.7-36.5) |
243 |
Males |
Total, 3 years and older |
14.5 |
(13.4-15.7) |
8.00 |
(7.40-9.00) |
14.6 |
(13.4-15.8) |
26.2 |
(24.1-28.5) |
984 |
3–5 years |
15.4 |
(13.4-17.7) |
10.6† |
(8.50-12.7) |
14.5 |
(13.0-18.4) |
21.8† |
(18.5-34.3) |
64 |
6–11 years |
16.4 |
(15.2-17.7) |
10.1 |
(8.90-11.4) |
16.4 |
(15.6-17.2) |
25.1 |
(23.9-27.0) |
175 |
12–19 years |
12.3 |
(11.5-13.0) |
7.80 |
(7.50-8.30) |
12.0 |
(11.4-13.3) |
19.6 |
(18.2-20.8) |
340 |
20–39 years |
13.8 |
(12.0-15.8) |
7.50 |
(6.80-8.40) |
13.5 |
(11.0-15.6) |
25.9 |
(21.9-29.8) |
132 |
40–59 years |
15.1 |
(13.5-17.0) |
8.60 |
(7.10-9.70) |
15.5 |
(13.5-17.5) |
28.7 |
(24.2-31.2) |
154 |
60 years and older |
16.1 |
(14.2-18.1) |
7.50 |
(5.80-10.4) |
16.0 |
(14.7-18.4) |
29.6 |
(22.7-38.9) |
119 |
Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
14.1 |
(12.9-15.5) |
8.10 |
(7.10-8.80) |
13.9 |
(12.2-15.4) |
26.0 |
(23.3-29.5) |
1008 |
3–5 years |
15.5 |
(12.9-18.5) |
9.40† |
(7.90-11.8) |
15.6 |
(12.3-18.2) |
25.7† |
(19.3-37.1) |
64 |
6–11 years |
14.2 |
(12.8-15.9) |
8.90 |
(7.40-10.1) |
14.8 |
(12.3-16.1) |
21.8 |
(19.2-25.3) |
165 |
12–19 years |
12.8 |
(11.5-14.2) |
8.10 |
(6.80-9.40) |
12.8 |
(11.3-14.4) |
20.4 |
(17.6-24.2) |
331 |
20–39 years |
12.9 |
(11.4-14.6) |
7.10 |
(6.30-8.10) |
12.7 |
(11.3-14.3) |
23.3 |
(19.5-28.9) |
187 |
40–59 years |
14.7 |
(13.2-16.3) |
8.70 |
(6.20-9.60) |
14.2 |
(12.5-17.1) |
27.4 |
(22.1-33.3) |
137 |
60 years and older |
18.8 |
(15.5-22.7) |
9.40 |
(8.00-12.2) |
19.3 |
(14.4-25.4) |
35.0 |
(31.0-36.7) |
124 |
† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size. |
Table 2.7.d. Serum lutein/zeaxanthin: Non-Hispanic whites
Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in µg/dL) for non-Hispanic whites in the U.S. population aged 3 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2002. |
|
Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval) |
Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval) |
Sample
size |
|
10th |
50th |
90th |
Males and Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
12.6 |
(11.9-13.2) |
6.80 |
(6.40-7.10) |
12.4 |
(11.6-13.1) |
24.1 |
(22.5-25.7) |
3580 |
3–5 years |
11.5 |
(10.8-12.3) |
7.20 |
(6.40-7.60) |
11.8 |
(10.4-12.8) |
17.7 |
(16.9-21.4) |
133 |
6–11 years |
11.7 |
(10.9-12.6) |
7.20 |
(6.70-7.90) |
11.4 |
(10.8-12.4) |
18.7 |
(17.0-21.8) |
301 |
12–19 years |
9.87 |
(9.21-10.6) |
5.90 |
(5.20-6.40) |
9.80 |
(9.10-10.5) |
16.8 |
(15.2-19.3) |
656 |
20–39 years |
11.3 |
(10.6-12.1) |
6.00 |
(5.70-6.50) |
11.3 |
(10.3-12.4) |
21.2 |
(19.3-22.9) |
770 |
40–59 years |
13.8 |
(13.0-14.8) |
7.50 |
(7.10-7.80) |
13.7 |
(13.1-14.4) |
26.3 |
(24.1-28.5) |
777 |
60 years and older |
14.7 |
(13.8-15.7) |
7.40 |
(6.80-8.10) |
14.9 |
(13.5-16.4) |
28.0 |
(25.6-31.7) |
943 |
Males |
Total, 3 years and older |
12.5 |
(11.9-13.1) |
6.80 |
(6.30-7.10) |
12.5 |
(11.7-13.2) |
23.9 |
(22.0-26.0) |
1738 |
3–5 years |
11.2 |
(9.93-12.6) |
7.10† |
(6.20-7.70) |
10.7 |
(9.00-13.5) |
17.1† |
(15.2-21.7) |
72 |
6–11 years |
11.7 |
(10.6-13.0) |
7.10 |
(5.70-8.30) |
11.3 |
(10.2-13.0) |
19.6 |
(17.2-25.5) |
157 |
12–19 years |
9.65 |
(9.05-10.3) |
5.50 |
(4.90-6.20) |
9.60 |
(9.10-10.2) |
16.7 |
(15.5-18.7) |
323 |
20–39 years |
11.6 |
(10.7-12.6) |
6.20 |
(5.70-6.90) |
11.7 |
(10.6-13.0) |
20.7 |
(17.7-23.7) |
312 |
40–59 years |
13.9 |
(13.2-14.8) |
7.70 |
(7.10-8.50) |
13.9 |
(13.3-14.9) |
26.8 |
(24.9-28.3) |
407 |
60 years and older |
13.9 |
(12.8-15.2) |
7.30 |
(6.20-8.10) |
14.1 |
(12.6-16.0) |
26.1 |
(24.2-28.9) |
467 |
Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
12.6 |
(11.9-13.4) |
6.60 |
(6.20-7.00) |
12.2 |
(11.6-13.0) |
24.4 |
(22.8-25.8) |
1842 |
3–5 years |
11.9 |
(10.6-13.5) |
7.30† |
(4.30-8.30) |
12.6 |
(10.8-13.8) |
18.4† |
(15.2-23.2) |
61 |
6–11 years |
11.7 |
(11.0-12.5) |
7.50 |
(6.60-8.10) |
11.5 |
(10.9-12.3) |
17.9 |
(15.5-20.2) |
144 |
12–19 years |
10.1 |
(9.25-11.0) |
6.10 |
(5.00-6.70) |
10.1 |
(9.10-10.7) |
16.8 |
(14.8-20.8) |
333 |
20–39 years |
11.1 |
(10.2-12.0) |
5.90 |
(5.60-6.60) |
10.6 |
(9.50-12.0) |
21.4 |
(18.4-23.3) |
458 |
40–59 years |
13.7 |
(12.6-15.0) |
7.40 |
(6.50-8.00) |
13.5 |
(12.3-14.3) |
26.4 |
(23.4-31.6) |
370 |
60 years and older |
15.4 |
(14.4-16.4) |
7.70 |
(6.70-8.70) |
15.5 |
(14.0-17.4) |
30.4 |
(25.8-34.3) |
476 |
† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size. |