Fat-Soluble Vitamins & Micronutrients: Vitamins A and E and Carotenoids
Serum vitamin A
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Table 2.1.a. Serum vitamin A: Total population
Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in µg/dL) for the total U.S. population aged 3 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002. |
|
Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval) |
Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval) |
Sample
size |
|
5th |
50th |
95th |
Males and Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
53.5 |
(52.7-54.3) |
30.9 |
(30.3-31.7) |
54.5 |
(53.6-55.4) |
87.0 |
(85.8-88.4) |
15819 |
3–5 years |
33.1 |
(32.6-33.7) |
22.7 |
(21.4-24.4) |
33.7 |
(33.0-34.4) |
46.5 |
(44.1-47.8) |
782 |
6–11 years |
36.3 |
(35.7-37.0) |
26.0 |
(24.8-26.3) |
36.4 |
(35.7-37.1) |
51.2 |
(49.4-52.6) |
1880 |
12–19 years |
47.0 |
(46.3-47.6) |
30.8 |
(30.1-31.4) |
47.4 |
(46.6-48.0) |
70.6 |
(68.9-72.1) |
4317 |
20–39 years |
53.6 |
(52.6-54.6) |
33.6 |
(32.5-34.6) |
54.6 |
(53.5-55.6) |
82.3 |
(80.3-83.8) |
3177 |
40–59 years |
59.7 |
(58.8-60.6) |
37.1 |
(35.0-38.7) |
60.6 |
(59.4-61.4) |
92.6 |
(88.9-95.2) |
2665 |
60 years and older |
63.8 |
(62.9-64.7) |
40.2 |
(38.1-41.4) |
64.5 |
(63.2-65.3) |
98.8 |
(95.6-102) |
2998 |
Males |
Total, 3 years and older |
56.3 |
(55.3-57.3) |
31.7 |
(30.8-32.9) |
58.1 |
(56.9-59.3) |
88.7 |
(86.5-91.2) |
7701 |
3–5 years |
32.9 |
(32.1-33.7) |
21.9 |
(17.1-25.0) |
33.9 |
(33.0-35.0) |
45.4 |
(43.2-47.5) |
410 |
6–11 years |
36.1 |
(35.2-37.1) |
26.0 |
(24.5-26.5) |
36.1 |
(35.3-37.1) |
51.3 |
(49.4-52.6) |
956 |
12–19 years |
49.1 |
(48.2-50.1) |
32.1 |
(30.9-33.8) |
49.8 |
(48.8-50.9) |
71.3 |
(69.3-72.9) |
2164 |
20–39 years |
58.4 |
(57.5-59.4) |
40.3 |
(39.0-41.6) |
59.0 |
(58.0-60.1) |
83.5 |
(80.9-85.5) |
1349 |
40–59 years |
64.6 |
(63.3-65.9) |
42.4 |
(40.4-44.3) |
66.0 |
(65.0-67.7) |
95.3 |
(92.8-98.4) |
1332 |
60 years and older |
65.4 |
(63.9-66.9) |
41.2 |
(38.7-42.7) |
66.1 |
(64.6-68.2) |
101 |
(96.4-106) |
1490 |
Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
50.9 |
(50.1-51.7) |
30.3 |
(29.4-31.1) |
50.9 |
(50.1-51.8) |
85.2 |
(83.3-87.2) |
8118 |
3–5 years |
33.4 |
(32.7-34.1) |
24.1 |
(22.2-25.3) |
33.1 |
(32.5-34.5) |
47.1 |
(44.7-49.7) |
372 |
6–11 years |
36.5 |
(35.8-37.2) |
26.2 |
(24.7-26.9) |
36.7 |
(36.1-37.5) |
50.4 |
(49.0-52.2) |
924 |
12–19 years |
44.8 |
(43.9-45.6) |
29.7 |
(29.0-30.9) |
44.7 |
(43.5-45.9) |
68.8 |
(66.0-71.9) |
2153 |
20–39 years |
49.2 |
(48.1-50.4) |
30.7 |
(29.7-31.8) |
49.1 |
(47.3-50.7) |
80.8 |
(78.0-82.4) |
1828 |
40–59 years |
55.3 |
(54.3-56.3) |
34.4 |
(32.4-35.4) |
55.5 |
(54.2-56.4) |
87.3 |
(84.8-91.3) |
1333 |
60 years and older |
62.6 |
(61.6-63.6) |
39.4 |
(36.2-41.4) |
63.0 |
(62.0-64.4) |
96.8 |
(92.0-101) |
1508 |
Table 2.1.b. Serum vitamin A: Mexican Americans
Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in µg/dL) for Mexican Americans in the U.S. population aged 3 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002. |
|
Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval) |
Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval) |
Sample
size |
|
5th |
50th |
95th |
Males and Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
46.8 |
(46.0-47.7) |
28.1 |
(27.2-28.9) |
47.1 |
(46.0-48.1) |
75.6 |
(73.7-77.8) |
4662 |
3–5 years |
31.6 |
(30.7-32.6) |
22.6 |
(21.7-23.8) |
31.9 |
(30.2-33.7) |
43.2 |
(40.4-45.6) |
261 |
6–11 years |
35.4 |
(34.8-36.0) |
24.6 |
(23.8-26.2) |
35.6 |
(34.9-36.2) |
48.9 |
(47.2-50.8) |
644 |
12–19 years |
44.8 |
(44.2-45.5) |
30.7 |
(28.7-31.9) |
45.0 |
(44.1-45.8) |
64.6 |
(63.6-65.9) |
1626 |
20–39 years |
50.6 |
(49.6-51.6) |
31.9 |
(29.8-33.5) |
50.9 |
(49.0-52.8) |
75.2 |
(73.8-77.8) |
866 |
40–59 years |
52.8 |
(51.4-54.3) |
32.5 |
(30.4-35.0) |
53.9 |
(52.4-55.3) |
83.7 |
(78.8-87.4) |
628 |
60 years and older |
55.9 |
(52.9-59.2) |
34.0 |
(31.2-36.5) |
55.3 |
(52.2-59.9) |
91.0 |
(82.4-107) |
637 |
Males |
Total, 3 years and older |
50.6 |
(49.7-51.6) |
29.8 |
(28.8-30.5) |
51.7 |
(50.5-53.2) |
79.1 |
(77.0-82.4) |
2277 |
3–5 years |
32.5 |
(30.6-34.5) |
22.4† |
(20.1-25.0) |
32.9 |
(30.7-34.5) |
45.2† |
(41.1-51.2) |
136 |
6–11 years |
35.4 |
(34.6-36.2) |
24.6 |
(23.2-27.1) |
35.4 |
(34.5-36.2) |
49.2 |
(45.9-51.3) |
333 |
12–19 years |
48.1 |
(47.1-49.1) |
33.7 |
(32.1-34.9) |
48.3 |
(47.0-49.7) |
67.8 |
(65.6-69.7) |
807 |
20–39 years |
56.6 |
(55.3-57.9) |
39.3 |
(37.4-41.9) |
57.5 |
(55.8-59.1) |
78.3 |
(75.2-86.5) |
382 |
40–59 years |
57.9 |
(55.9-59.9) |
36.3 |
(32.4-40.4) |
57.9 |
(56.1-60.2) |
87.4 |
(83.0-95.3) |
298 |
60 years and older |
57.0 |
(54.3-60.0) |
35.3 |
(33.1-37.1) |
55.5 |
(52.9-61.3) |
93.4 |
(79.8-118) |
321 |
Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
43.0 |
(42.1-43.9) |
27.0 |
(26.1-27.8) |
42.6 |
(41.5-43.6) |
69.8 |
(65.7-73.1) |
2385 |
3–5 years |
30.8 |
(29.4-32.2) |
22.6† |
(20.3-24.7) |
30.4 |
(27.9-33.3) |
40.0† |
(38.9-43.7) |
125 |
6–11 years |
35.3 |
(34.4-36.3) |
23.8 |
(23.1-26.5) |
35.9 |
(34.7-36.7) |
48.6 |
(47.2-51.2) |
311 |
12–19 years |
41.5 |
(40.8-42.3) |
28.4 |
(26.9-30.8) |
41.1 |
(40.5-41.5) |
60.3 |
(57.6-62.2) |
819 |
20–39 years |
44.3 |
(43.1-45.5) |
28.7 |
(26.4-30.7) |
44.6 |
(42.8-46.3) |
69.1 |
(63.4-72.8) |
484 |
40–59 years |
48.1 |
(46.4-49.9) |
30.6 |
(25.7-34.1) |
48.1 |
(46.4-50.1) |
74.7 |
(68.3-77.1) |
330 |
60 years and older |
55.0 |
(51.2-59.0) |
31.8 |
(27.8-39.3) |
54.8 |
(51.3-59.9) |
90.0 |
(82.9-99.0) |
316 |
† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size. |
Table 2.1.c. Serum vitamin A: Non-Hispanic blacks
Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in µg/dL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the U.S. population aged 3 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002. |
|
Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval) |
Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval) |
Sample
size |
|
5th |
50th |
95th |
Males and Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
46.0 |
(45.1-47.0) |
27.3 |
(26.3-27.9) |
45.7 |
(44.4-47.1) |
79.3 |
(75.9-81.6) |
3680 |
3–5 years |
31.8 |
(30.6-33.1) |
21.6 |
(19.3-23.9) |
32.1 |
(30.8-33.3) |
44.6 |
(41.6-47.9) |
226 |
6–11 years |
35.0 |
(34.1-35.9) |
23.7 |
(21.9-25.6) |
35.1 |
(34.0-36.5) |
50.5 |
(48.2-52.2) |
591 |
12–19 years |
41.4 |
(40.6-42.2) |
27.9 |
(26.7-28.6) |
41.7 |
(40.6-42.6) |
61.9 |
(60.2-64.1) |
1252 |
20–39 years |
46.1 |
(44.8-47.5) |
28.4 |
(27.6-30.7) |
46.8 |
(45.2-48.5) |
72.0 |
(67.7-74.6) |
590 |
40–59 years |
52.2 |
(50.4-54.1) |
30.6 |
(27.3-34.0) |
52.1 |
(50.6-54.0) |
87.3 |
(80.6-95.6) |
540 |
60 years and older |
58.6 |
(56.6-60.6) |
33.5 |
(31.2-36.7) |
59.0 |
(56.8-60.4) |
102 |
(93.4-117) |
481 |
Males |
Total, 3 years and older |
48.5 |
(47.6-49.5) |
27.9 |
(26.9-28.7) |
49.6 |
(48.5-50.7) |
80.7 |
(77.6-84.3) |
1806 |
3–5 years |
32.7 |
(31.2-34.2) |
22.6† |
(19.3-24.9) |
32.7 |
(31.0-34.6) |
45.4† |
(41.9-53.6) |
119 |
6–11 years |
34.5 |
(33.5-35.5) |
24.2 |
(20.8-25.5) |
34.4 |
(33.2-35.6) |
50.7 |
(47.2-54.3) |
297 |
12–19 years |
43.7 |
(42.7-44.6) |
28.7 |
(28.0-30.0) |
43.5 |
(42.4-44.6) |
64.8 |
(62.6-67.5) |
640 |
20–39 years |
51.7 |
(50.1-53.4) |
34.3 |
(28.8-37.8) |
53.2 |
(51.2-55.2) |
74.8 |
(70.3-79.6) |
246 |
40–59 years |
56.3 |
(53.8-58.9) |
34.4 |
(30.2-38.1) |
56.3 |
(53.1-59.3) |
92.9 |
(80.8-107) |
274 |
60 years and older |
59.3 |
(56.1-62.7) |
34.9 |
(30.0-39.9) |
58.5 |
(53.5-62.8) |
106 |
(87.7-144) |
230 |
Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
44.0 |
(42.7-45.3) |
26.7 |
(25.5-27.9) |
42.9 |
(41.9-43.9) |
75.6 |
(72.6-80.4) |
1874 |
3–5 years |
30.9 |
(29.3-32.6) |
19.5† |
(16.1-23.6) |
31.7 |
(29.9-33.1) |
42.7† |
(38.6-45.7) |
107 |
6–11 years |
35.5 |
(34.3-36.7) |
23.6 |
(21.5-26.7) |
36.0 |
(34.3-37.6) |
50.4 |
(48.0-52.2) |
294 |
12–19 years |
39.2 |
(38.3-40.1) |
26.0 |
(24.5-27.5) |
39.5 |
(38.5-40.7) |
56.8 |
(54.5-59.0) |
612 |
20–39 years |
42.3 |
(40.4-44.2) |
27.6 |
(24.7-29.1) |
41.7 |
(39.8-43.8) |
66.3 |
(62.0-72.4) |
344 |
40–59 years |
48.9 |
(46.5-51.4) |
29.3 |
(25.2-31.5) |
47.7 |
(44.5-51.1) |
82.0 |
(74.4-92.0) |
266 |
60 years and older |
58.1 |
(55.3-61.1) |
32.9 |
(30.2-36.8) |
59.4 |
(56.8-61.2) |
97.8 |
(86.7-115) |
251 |
† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size. |
Table 2.1.d. Serum vitamin A: Non-Hispanic whites
Geometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in µg/dL) for non-Hispanic whites in the U.S. population aged 3 years and older, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002. |
|
Geometric mean
(95% conf. interval) |
Selected percentiles (95% conf. interval) |
Sample
size |
|
5th |
50th |
95th |
Males and Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
56.3 |
(55.3-57.4) |
33.1 |
(32.1-34.2) |
57.3 |
(56.2-58.8) |
88.9 |
(87.4-90.9) |
6128 |
3–5 years |
34.0 |
(33.1-34.8) |
24.0† |
(21.4-25.8) |
34.2 |
(33.0-35.7) |
47.2† |
(44.1-49.7) |
217 |
6–11 years |
36.8 |
(35.9-37.7) |
26.5 |
(25.4-28.3) |
36.7 |
(35.8-37.9) |
51.3 |
(49.0-52.7) |
489 |
12–19 years |
49.0 |
(47.9-50.0) |
32.6 |
(31.3-34.2) |
49.0 |
(48.0-50.0) |
72.9 |
(70.9-75.0) |
1073 |
20–39 years |
56.1 |
(54.8-57.4) |
36.1 |
(34.6-37.6) |
57.0 |
(55.0-58.7) |
83.9 |
(81.9-86.8) |
1377 |
40–59 years |
62.0 |
(60.9-63.1) |
40.1 |
(38.1-42.0) |
63.1 |
(61.5-64.3) |
93.5 |
(90.3-96.2) |
1276 |
60 years and older |
65.2 |
(64.3-66.2) |
41.6 |
(40.1-43.1) |
65.5 |
(64.4-67.5) |
99.1 |
(96.1-102) |
1696 |
Males |
Total, 3 years and older |
58.9 |
(57.6-60.2) |
33.6 |
(32.0-35.1) |
60.8 |
(59.3-62.9) |
91.4 |
(88.7-93.5) |
3001 |
3–5 years |
33.4 |
(32.3-34.4) |
21.4† |
(17.1-25.8) |
34.4 |
(32.7-36.6) |
45.6† |
(41.4-47.8) |
115 |
6–11 years |
36.6 |
(35.2-38.0) |
26.2 |
(24.3-28.6) |
36.4 |
(35.1-38.4) |
52.2 |
(48.6-53.0) |
257 |
12–19 years |
50.6 |
(49.3-51.9) |
32.4 |
(30.5-36.0) |
51.0 |
(49.8-52.3) |
72.9 |
(70.0-74.9) |
535 |
20–39 years |
60.4 |
(59.1-61.7) |
41.7 |
(40.5-43.1) |
60.4 |
(59.2-63.0) |
84.8 |
(81.6-87.5) |
575 |
40–59 years |
66.6 |
(65.1-68.1) |
44.5 |
(42.5-47.8) |
68.2 |
(66.3-69.8) |
96.2 |
(92.9-99.9) |
665 |
60 years and older |
66.8 |
(65.2-68.4) |
42.0 |
(40.4-44.6) |
67.9 |
(65.3-70.1) |
101 |
(96.6-105) |
854 |
Females |
Total, 3 years and older |
54.0 |
(52.9-55.2) |
32.6 |
(31.6-34.1) |
54.5 |
(52.8-55.8) |
87.5 |
(85.9-89.4) |
3127 |
3–5 years |
34.7 |
(33.3-36.1) |
26.2† |
(24.0-27.8) |
34.0 |
(32.5-36.3) |
49.1† |
(45.9-51.8) |
102 |
6–11 years |
37.0 |
(36.0-38.0) |
26.2 |
(24.7-28.4) |
36.8 |
(36.0-38.0) |
50.2 |
(48.1-54.0) |
232 |
12–19 years |
47.3 |
(46.0-48.6) |
33.2 |
(31.2-34.3) |
46.9 |
(45.3-47.9) |
72.1 |
(68.3-76.8) |
538 |
20–39 years |
52.2 |
(50.5-54.0) |
34.1 |
(30.9-35.9) |
51.7 |
(49.9-54.8) |
83.1 |
(80.5-87.3) |
802 |
40–59 years |
57.7 |
(56.5-58.8) |
36.0 |
(34.6-39.2) |
57.2 |
(56.0-58.4) |
88.8 |
(86.1-94.8) |
611 |
60 years and older |
64.1 |
(62.9-65.2) |
41.4 |
(39.0-43.5) |
64.5 |
(62.5-65.6) |
97.4 |
(92.0-102) |
842 |
† Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size. |