Energy Cost and IAQ Performance of Ventilation Systems and Controls Study
In 1999, EPA completed an extensive modeling study to assess the compatibilities and trade-offs between energy, indoor air quality, and thermal comfort objectives for HVAC systems, and to help formulate strategies to simultaneously achieve superior performance on each objective. Variations of Constant Volume (CV) and Variable Air Volume (VAV) HVAC systems were modeled in three different climates-hot and humid (Miami), temperate (Washington D.C.), and cold (Minneapolis). Buildings included several variations of an office building, plus a school, and an auditorium.
This study addressed three major issues:
Documentation of the study is contained in the Executive Summary along with 7 individual detailed reports all provided here in Adobe Acrobat PDF format. The seven project reports plus the executive summary are also contained in the Indoor Air Quality Building Education and Assessment Model (I-BEAM). You can also order each of these reports separately, see how to order EPA documents.
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Project Reports
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- Project Objectives and Methodology - Project Report 1 (PDF, 35 pp, 111KB) [EPA-4-2-S-01-001A]
- Assessment of CV and VAV Ventilation Systems and Outdoor Air Control Strategies for Large Office Buildings -- Outdoor Air Flow Rates and Energy Uses - Project Report 2 (PDF, 40 pp, 113KB) [EPA-4-2-S-01-001B]
- Assessment of CV and VAV Ventilation Systems and Outdoor Air Control Strategies for Large Office Buildings -- Zonal Distribution of Outdoor Air and Thermal Comfort Control - Project Report 3 (PDF, 31 pp, 219KB) [EPA-4-2-S-01-001C]
- Energy Impacts of Increasing Outdoor Air Flow Rates from 5 to 20 cfm per Occupant in Large Office Buildings - Project
Report 4 (PDF, 22 pp, 94KB) [EPA-4-2-S-01-001D]
- Peak Load Impacts of Increasing Outdoor Air Flow Rates from 5 to 20 cfm per Occupant in Large Office Buildings - Project Report 5 (PDF, 17 pp, 74KB) [EPA-4-2-S-01-001E]
- Potential Problems in IAQ and Energy Performance of HVAC Systems When Outdoor Air Flow Rates Are Increased from 5 to 15 cfm per Occupant in Education Buildings, Auditoriums, and Other Very High Occupant Density Buildings - Project Report 6 (PDF, 41 pp, 140KB) [EPA-4-2-S-01-001F]
- The Impact of Energy Efficiency Strategies on Energy Use, Thermal Comfort, and Outdoor Air Flow Rates in Commercial Buildings - Project Report 7 (PDF, 20 pp, 80KB) [EPA-4-2-S-01-001G]