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three branches of the federal government — legislative, executive,
and judicial — operate within a constitutional system known as "checks
and balances." This means that although each branch is formally separate
from the other two, the Constitution often requires cooperation among
the branches. Federal laws, for example, are passed by Congress and signed
by the President. The judicial branch, in turn, has the authority to decide
the constitutionality of federal laws and resolve other disputes over
federal laws, but judges depend upon the executive branch to enforce court
decisions.
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