L
LAA-
(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
LAAS-
(See LOW ALTITUDE ALERT
SYSTEM.)
LAHSO- An acronym for
"Land and Hold Short Operation." These operations include landing and holding
short of an intersecting runway, a taxiway, a predetermined point, or an
approach/departure flightpath.
LAHSO-DRY- Land and hold
short operations on runways that are dry.
LAHSO-WET- Land and hold
short operations on runways that are wet (but not contaminated).
LAND AND HOLD SHORT
OPERATIONS- Operations which include simultaneous takeoffs and landings and/or
simultaneous landings when a landing aircraft is able and is instructed by the
controller to hold-short of the intersecting runway/taxiway or designated
hold-short point. Pilots are expected to promptly inform the controller if the
hold short clearance cannot be accepted.
(See PARALLEL RUNWAYS.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LANDING AREA- Any locality
either on land, water, or structures, including airports/heliports and
intermediate landing fields, which is used, or intended to be used, for the
landing and takeoff of aircraft whether or not facilities are provided for the
shelter, servicing, or for receiving or discharging passengers or cargo.
(See ICAO term LANDING AREA.)
LANDING AREA [ICAO]- That
part of a movement area intended for the landing or take-off of aircraft.
LANDING DIRECTION
INDICATOR- A device which visually indicates the direction in which landings and
takeoffs should be made.
(See TETRAHEDRON.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LANDING DISTANCE AVAILABLE
[ICAO]- The length of runway which is declared available and suitable for the
ground run of an aeroplane landing.
LANDING MINIMUMS- The
minimum visibility prescribed for landing a civil aircraft while using an
instrument approach procedure. The minimum applies with other limitations set
forth in 14 CFR Part 91 with respect to the Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) or
Decision Height (DH) prescribed in the instrument approach procedures as
follows:
a. Straight-in
landing minimums. A statement of MDA and visibility, or DH and visibility,
required for a straight-in landing on a specified runway, or
b. Circling
minimums. A statement of MDA and visibility required for the circle-to-land
maneuver.
Note: Descent below the
established MDA or DH is not authorized during an approach unless the aircraft
is in a position from which a normal approach to the runway of intended landing
can be made and adequate visual reference to required visual cues is maintained.
(See CIRCLE-TO-LAND
MANEUVER.)
(See DECISION HEIGHT.)
(See INSTRUMENT APPROACH
PROCEDURE.)
(See MINIMUM DESCENT
ALTITUDE.)
(See STRAIGHT-IN LANDING.)
(See VISIBILITY.)
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
LANDING ROLL- The distance
from the point of touchdown to the point where the aircraft can be brought to a
stop or exit the runway.
LANDING SEQUENCE- The
order in which aircraft are positioned for landing.
(See APPROACH SEQUENCE.)
LAST ASSIGNED ALTITUDE-
The last altitude/flight level assigned by ATC and acknowledged by the pilot.
(See MAINTAIN.)
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
LATERAL NAVIGATION (LNAV)–
A function of area navigation (RNAV) equipment which calculates, displays, and
provides lateral guidance to a profile or path.
LATERAL SEPARATION- The
lateral spacing of aircraft at the same altitude by requiring operation on
different routes or in different geographical locations.
(See SEPARATION.)
LDA-
(See LOCALIZER TYPE
DIRECTIONAL AID.)
(See ICAO Term LANDING
DISTANCE AVAILABLE.)
LF-
(See LOW FREQUENCY.)
LIGHTED AIRPORT- An
airport where runway and obstruction lighting is available.
(See AIRPORT LIGHTING.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LIGHT GUN- A handheld
directional light signaling device which emits a brilliant narrow beam of white,
green, or red light as selected by the tower controller. The color and type of
light transmitted can be used to approve or disapprove anticipated pilot actions
where radio communication is not available. The light gun is used for
controlling traffic operating in the vicinity of the airport and on the airport
movement area.
(Refer to AIM.)
LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY (LAA)-
A service provided by facilities, which are located on the landing airport, have
a discrete ground-to-air communication frequency or the tower frequency when the
tower is closed, automated weather reporting with voice broadcasting, and a
continuous ASOS/AWOS data display, other continuous direct reading instruments,
or manual observations available to the specialist.
(See AIRPORT ADVISORY AREA.)
LOCAL TRAFFIC- Aircraft
operating in the traffic pattern or within sight of the tower, or aircraft known
to be departing or arriving from flight in local practice areas, or aircraft
executing practice instrument approaches at the airport.
(See TRAFFIC PATTERN.)
LOCALIZER- The component
of an ILS which provides course guidance to the runway.
(See INSTRUMENT LANDING
SYSTEM.)
(See ICAO term LOCALIZER
COURSE.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LOCALIZER COURSE [ICAO]-
The locus of points, in any given horizontal plane, at which the DDM (difference
in depth of modulation) is zero.
LOCALIZER OFFSET- An
angular offset of the localizer from the runway extended centerline in a
direction away from the no transgression zone (NTZ) that increases the normal
operating zone (NOZ) width. An offset requires a 50 foot increase in DH and is
not authorized for CAT II and CAT III approaches.
LOCALIZER TYPE DIRECTIONAL
AID- A NAVAID used for nonprecision instrument approaches with utility and
accuracy comparable to a localizer but which is not a part of a complete ILS and
is not aligned with the runway.
(Refer to AIM.)
LOCALIZER USABLE DISTANCE-
The maximum distance from the localizer transmitter at a specified altitude, as
verified by flight inspection, at which reliable course information is
continuously received.
(Refer to AIM.)
LOCATOR [ICAO]- An LM/MF
NDB used as an aid to final approach.
Note: A locator usually
has an average radius of rated coverage of between 18.5 and 46.3 km (10 and 25
NM).
LONG RANGE NAVIGATION-
(See LORAN.)
LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION-
The longitudinal spacing of aircraft at the same altitude by a minimum distance
expressed in units of time or miles.
(See SEPARATION.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LORAN- An electronic
navigational system by which hyperbolic lines of position are determined by
measuring the difference in the time of reception of synchronized pulse signals
from two fixed transmitters. Loran A operates in the 1750-1950 kHz frequency
band. Loran C and D operate in the 100-110 kHz frequency band.
(Refer to AIM.)
LOST COMMUNICATIONS- Loss
of the ability to communicate by radio. Aircraft are sometimes referred to as
NORDO (No Radio). Standard pilot procedures are specified in 14 CFR Part 91.
Radar controllers issue procedures for pilots to follow in the event of lost
communications during a radar approach when weather reports indicate that an
aircraft will likely encounter IFR weather conditions during the approach.
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
(Refer AIM.)
LOW
ALTITUDE AIRWAY STRUCTURE- The network of airways serving aircraft operations up
to but not including 18,000 feet MSL.
(See AIRWAY.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LOW ALTITUDE ALERT,
CHECK YOUR ALTITUDE IMMEDIATELY-
(See SAFETY ALERT.)
LOW ALTITUDE ALERT SYSTEM-
An automated function of the TPX-42 that alerts the controller when a Mode C
transponder equipped aircraft on an IFR flight plan is below a predetermined
minimum safe altitude. If requested by the pilot, Low Altitude Alert System
monitoring is also available to VFR Mode C transponder equipped aircraft.
LOW APPROACH- An approach
over an airport or runway following an instrument approach or a VFR approach
including the go-around maneuver where the pilot intentionally does not make
contact with the runway.
(Refer to AIM.)
LOW FREQUENCY- The
frequency band between 30 and 300 kHz.
(Refer to AIM.)
LPV- A type of approach
with vertical guidance (APV) based on WAAS, published on RNAV (GPS) approach
charts. This procedure takes advantage of the precise lateral guidance available
from WAAS. The minima is published as a decision altitude (DA).
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