P
P TIME-
(See PROPOSED DEPARTURE
TIME.)
P-ACP-
(See PREARRANGED COORDINATION
PROCEDURES.)
PAN-PAN- The international
radio-telephony urgency signal. When repeated three times, indicates uncertainty
or alert followed by the nature of the urgency.
(See MAYDAY.)
(Refer to AIM.)
PAR-
(See PRECISION APPROACH
RADAR.)
PAR [ICAO]-
(See ICAO Term PRECISION
APPROACH RADAR.)
PARALLEL ILS APPROACHES-
Approaches to parallel runways by IFR aircraft which, when established inbound
toward the airport on the adjacent final approach courses, are radar-separated
by at least 2 miles.
(See FINAL APPROACH COURSE.)
(See SIMULTANEOUS ILS
APPROACHES.)
PARALLEL MLS APPROACHES-
(See PARALLEL ILS
APPROACHES.)
PARALLEL OFFSET ROUTE- A
parallel track to the left or right of the designated or established
airway/route. Normally associated with Area Navigation (RNAV) operations.
(See AREA NAVIGATION.)
PARALLEL RUNWAYS- Two or
more runways at the same airport whose centerlines are parallel. In addition to
runway number, parallel runways are designated as L (left) and R (right) or, if
three parallel runways exist, L (left), C (center), and R (right).
PBCT-
(See PROPOSED BOUNDARY
CROSSING TIME.)
PBN
(See ICAO Term PERFORMANCE-BASED
NAVIGATION.)
PDC-
(See PRE-DEPARTURE
CLEARANCE.)
PERFORMANCE-BASED NAVIGATION (PBN)
[ICAO]- Area navigation based on performance
requirements for aircraft operating along an ATS
route, on an instrument approach procedure or in a
designated airspace.
Note: Performance requirements are expressed in
navigation specifications (RNAV specification,
RNP specification) in terms of accuracy, integrity,
continuity, availability, and functionality needed for
the proposed operation in the context of a
particular airspace concept.
PERMANENT ECHO- Radar
signals reflected from fixed objects on the earth's surface; e.g., buildings,
towers, terrain. Permanent echoes are distinguished from "ground clutter" by
being definable locations rather than large areas. Under certain conditions they
may be used to check radar alignment.
PHOTO RECONNAISSANCE-
Military activity that requires locating individual photo targets and navigating
to the targets at a preplanned angle and altitude. The activity normally
requires a lateral route width of 16 NM and altitude range of 1,500 feet to
10,000 feet AGL.
PILOT BRIEFING- A service
provided by the FSS to assist pilots in flight planning. Briefing items may
include weather information, NOTAMS, military activities, flow control
information, and other items as requested.
(Refer to AIM.)
PILOT IN COMMAND- The
pilot responsible for the operation and safety of an aircraft during flight
time.
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
PILOT WEATHER REPORT- A
report of meteorological phenomena encountered by aircraft in flight.
(Refer to AIM.)
PILOT'S DISCRETION-
When used in conjunction with altitude assignments, means that ATC has
offered the pilot the option of starting climb or descent whenever he/she wishes
and conducting the climb or descent at any rate he/she wishes. He/she may
temporarily level off at any intermediate altitude. However, once he/she has
vacated an altitude, he/she may not return to that altitude.
PIREP-
(See PILOT WEATHER REPORT.)
PITCH POINT- A
fix/waypoint that serves as a transition point from a departure procedure or the
low altitude ground-based navigation structure into the high altitude waypoint
system.
PLANS DISPLAY- A display
available in URET that provides detailed flight plan and predicted conflict
information in textual format for requested Current Plans and all Trial Plans.
(See USER REQUEST EVALUATION
TOOL.)
POFZ-
(See PRECISION OBSTACLE FREE
ZONE.)
POINT OUT-
(See RADAR POINT OUT.)
POINT-TO-POINT (PTP)- A
level of NRR service for aircraft that is based on traditional waypoints in
their FMSs or RNAV equipage.
POLAR TRACK STRUCTURE- A
system of organized routes between Iceland and Alaska which overlie Canadian
MNPS Airspace.
POSITION AND HOLD-
Used by ATC to inform a pilot to taxi onto the departure runway in
takeoff position and hold. It is not authorization for takeoff. It is used when
takeoff clearance cannot immediately be issued because of traffic or other
reasons.
(See CLEARED FOR TAKEOFF.)
POSITION REPORT- A report
over a known location as transmitted by an aircraft to ATC.
(Refer to AIM.)
POSITION SYMBOL- A
computer-generated indication shown on a radar display to indicate the mode of
tracking.
POSITIVE CONTROL- The
separation of all air traffic within designated airspace by air traffic control.
PRACTICE INSTRUMENT
APPROACH- An instrument approach procedure conducted by a VFR or an IFR aircraft
for the purpose of pilot training or proficiency demonstrations.
PRE-DEPARTURE CLEARANCE-
An application with the Terminal Data Link System (TDLS) that provides clearance
information to subscribers, through a service provider, in text to the cockpit
or gate printer.
PREARRANGED COORDINATION-
A standardized procedure which permits an air traffic controller to enter the
airspace assigned to another air traffic controller without verbal coordination.
The procedures are defined in a facility directive which ensures standard
separation between aircraft.
PREARRANGED COORDINATION
PROCEDURES- A facility's standardized procedure that describes the process by
which one controller shall allow an aircraft to penetrate or transit another
controller's airspace in a manner that assures standard separation without
individual coordination for each aircraft.
PRECIPITATION- Any or all
forms of water particles (rain, sleet, hail, or snow) that fall from the
atmosphere and reach the surface.
PRECIPITATION RADAR
WEATHER DESCRIPTIONS - Existing radar systems cannot detect turbulence. However,
there is a direct correlation between the degree of turbulence and other weather
features associated with thunderstorms and the weather radar precipitation
intensity. Controllers will issue (where capable) precipitation intensity as
observed by radar when using weather and radar processor (WARP) or NAS ground
based digital radars with weather capabilities. When precipitation intensity
information is not available, the intensity will be described as UNKNOWN. When
intensity levels can be determined, they shall be described as:
a. LIGHT (< 30 dBZ)
b. MODERATE (30 to
40 dBZ)
c. HEAVY (> 40 to
50 dBZ)
d. EXTREME (> 50
dBZ)
(Refer to AC 00-45, Aviation
Weather Services.)
PRECISION APPROACH-
(See PRECISION APPROACH
PROCEDURE.)
PRECISION APPROACH
PROCEDURE- A standard instrument approach procedure in which an electronic
glideslope/glidepath is provided; e.g., ILS, MLS, and PAR.
(See INSTRUMENT LANDING
SYSTEM.)
(See MICROWAVE LANDING
SYSTEM.)
(See PRECISION APPROACH
RADAR.)
PRECISION APPROACH RADAR-
Radar equipment in some ATC facilities operated by the FAA and/or the military
services at joint-use civil/military locations and separate military
installations to detect and display azimuth, elevation, and range of aircraft on
the final approach course to a runway. This equipment may be used to monitor
certain nonradar approaches, but is primarily used to conduct a precision
instrument approach (PAR) wherein the controller issues guidance instructions to
the pilot based on the aircraft's position in relation to the final approach
course (azimuth), the glidepath (elevation), and the distance (range) from the
touchdown point on the runway as displayed on the radar scope.
Note: The abbreviation "PAR" is also used to denote preferential arrival routes
in ARTCC computers.
(See GLIDEPATH.)
(See PAR.)
(See PREFERENTIAL ROUTES.)
(See ICAO term PRECISION
APPROACH RADAR.)
(Refer to AIM.)
PRECISION APPROACH RADAR [ICAO]-
Primary radar equipment used to determine the position of an aircraft during
final approach, in terms of lateral and vertical deviations relative to a
nominal approach path, and in range relative to touchdown.
Note: Precision approach
radars are designed to enable pilots of aircraft to be given guidance by radio
communication during the final stages of the approach to land.
PRECISION OBSTACLE FREE
ZONE (POFZ)- An 800 foot wide by 200 foot long area centered on the runway
centerline adjacent to the threshold designed to protect aircraft flying
precision approaches from ground vehicles and other aircraft when ceiling is
less than 250 feet or visibility is less than 3/4 statute mile (or runway visual
range below 4,000 feet.)
PRECISION RUNWAY MONITOR (PRM)-
Provides air traffic controllers with high precision secondary surveillance data
for aircraft on final approach to parallel runways that have extended
centerlines separated by less than 4,300 feet. High resolution color monitoring
displays (FMA) are required to present surveillance track data to controllers
along with detailed maps depicting approaches and no transgression zone.
PREFERENTIAL ROUTES-
Preferential routes (PDRs, PARs, and PDARs) are adapted in ARTCC computers to
accomplish inter/intrafacility controller coordination and to assure that flight
data is posted at the proper control positions. Locations having a need for
these specific inbound and outbound routes normally publish such routes in local
facility bulletins, and their use by pilots minimizes flight plan route
amendments. When the workload or traffic situation permits, controllers normally
provide radar vectors or assign requested routes to minimize circuitous routing.
Preferential routes are usually confined to one ARTCC's area and are referred to
by the following names or acronyms:
a. Preferential
Departure Route (PDR). A specific departure route from an airport or terminal
area to an en route point where there is no further need for flow control. It
may be included in an Instrument Departure Procedure (DP) or a Preferred IFR
Route.
b. Preferential
Arrival Route (PAR). A specific arrival route from an appropriate en route point
to an airport or terminal area. It may be included in a Standard Terminal
Arrival (STAR) or a Preferred IFR Route. The abbreviation "PAR" is used
primarily within the ARTCC and should not be confused with the abbreviation for
Precision Approach Radar.
c. Preferential
Departure and Arrival Route (PDAR). A route between two terminals which are
within or immediately adjacent to one ARTCC's area. PDARs are not synonymous
with Preferred IFR Routes but may be listed as such as they do accomplish
essentially the same purpose.
(See PREFERRED IFR ROUTES.)
PREFERRED IFR ROUTES-
Routes established between busier airports to increase system efficiency and
capacity. They normally extend through one or more ARTCC areas and are designed
to achieve balanced traffic flows among high density terminals. IFR clearances
are issued on the basis of these routes except when severe weather avoidance
procedures or other factors dictate otherwise. Preferred IFR Routes are listed
in the Airport/Facility Directory. If a flight is planned to or from an area
having such routes but the departure or arrival point is not listed in the
Airport/Facility Directory, pilots may use that part of a Preferred IFR Route
which is appropriate for the departure or arrival point that is listed.
Preferred IFR Routes are correlated with DPs and STARs and may be defined by
airways, jet routes, direct routes between NAVAIDs, Waypoints, NAVAID radials/DME,
or any combinations thereof.
(See CENTER'S AREA.)
(See INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE
PROCEDURE.)
(See PREFERENTIAL ROUTES.)
(See STANDARD TERMINAL
ARRIVAL.)
(Refer to AIRPORT/FACILITY
DIRECTORY.)
(Refer to NOTICES TO AIRMEN
PUBLICATION.)
PRE-FLIGHT PILOT BRIEFING-
(See PILOT BRIEFING.)
PREVAILING VISIBILITY-
(See VISIBILITY.)
PRIMARY
RADAR TARGET- An analog or digital target, exclusive of a secondary radar
target, presented on a radar display.
PRM-
(See ILS PRM APPROACH and
PRECISION RUNWAY MONITOR.)
PROCEDURE TURN- The
maneuver prescribed when it is necessary to reverse direction to establish an
aircraft on the intermediate approach segment or final approach course. The
outbound course, direction of turn, distance within which the turn must be
completed, and minimum altitude are specified in the procedure. However, unless
otherwise restricted, the point at which the turn may be commenced and the type
and rate of turn are left to the discretion of the pilot.
(See ICAO term PROCEDURE
TURN.)
PROCEDURE TURN [ICAO]- A
maneuver in which a turn is made away from a designated track followed by a turn
in the opposite direction to permit the aircraft to intercept and proceed along
the reciprocal of the designated track.
Note 1: Procedure turns
are designated "left" or "right" according to the direction of the initial turn.
Note 2: Procedure turns
may be designated as being made either in level flight or while descending,
according to the circumstances of each individual approach procedure.
PROCEDURE TURN INBOUND-
That point of a procedure turn maneuver where course reversal has been completed
and an aircraft is established inbound on the intermediate approach segment or
final approach course. A report of "procedure turn inbound" is normally used by
ATC as a position report for separation purposes.
(See FINAL APPROACH COURSE.)
(See PROCEDURE TURN.)
(See SEGMENTS OF AN
INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE.)
PROFILE DESCENT- An
uninterrupted descent (except where level flight is required for speed
adjustment; e.g., 250 knots at 10,000 feet MSL) from cruising altitude/level to
interception of a glideslope or to a minimum altitude specified for the initial
or intermediate approach segment of a nonprecision instrument approach. The
profile descent normally terminates at the approach gate or where the glideslope
or other appropriate minimum altitude is intercepted.
PROGRESS REPORT-
(See POSITION REPORT.)
PROGRESSIVE TAXI- Precise
taxi instructions given to a pilot unfamiliar with the airport or issued in
stages as the aircraft proceeds along the taxi route.
PROHIBITED AREA-
(See SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE.)
(See ICAO term PROHIBITED
AREA.)
PROHIBITED AREA [ICAO]- An
airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or territorial waters of a
State, within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited.
PROPOSED BOUNDARY CROSSING
TIME- Each center has a PBCT parameter for each internal airport. Proposed
internal flight plans are transmitted to the adjacent center if the flight time
along the proposed route from the departure airport to the center boundary is
less than or equal to the value of PBCT or if airport adaptation specifies
transmission regardless of PBCT.
PROPOSED DEPARTURE TIME-
The time that the aircraft expects to become airborne.
PROTECTED AIRSPACE- The
airspace on either side of an oceanic route/track that is equal to one-half the
lateral separation minimum except where reduction of protected airspace has been
authorized.
PT-
(See PROCEDURE TURN.)
PTP-
(See POINT-TO-POINT.)
PTS-
(See POLAR TRACK STRUCTURE.)
PUBLISHED ROUTE- A route
for which an IFR altitude has been established and published; e.g., Federal
Airways, Jet Routes, Area Navigation Routes, Specified Direct Routes.
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