BTS | Dictionary

Lagoon: (See also Lake, Levee) A shallow area of salt water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral, and the mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe-shaped atoll. (DOI4)

Lake: See also Lagoon, Levee.

Lake: Any standing body of inland water. (DOI4)

Lake/Pond: A standing body of water with a predominantly natural shoreline surrounded by land. (DOI3)

Lakewise or Great Lakes: These terms apply to traffic between U.S. ports of the Great Lakes system. The Great Lakes system is treated as a separate system rather than as a part of the inland system. (TNDOT1)

Lamp: A device used to produce artificial light. (49CFR393)

Land: To moor or bring a boat to the riverbank. (TNDOT1)

Land Area: Based on the U.S. Bureau of the Census definition, this includes dry land and land temporarily or partially covered by water, such as marshlands, swamps and river flood plains, systems, sloughs, estuaries and canals less than 1/8 of a statute mile (0.2 kilometers) in width and lakes, reservoirs and ponds less than 1/16 square mile (0.16 square kilometers) in area. [For Alaska, 1/2 mile (0.8 kilometers) and 1 square mile (2.60 square kilometers) are substituted for these values]. The net land area excludes areas of oceans, bays, sounds, etc., lying within the 3 mile (4.8 kilometers) U.S. jurisdiction as well as inland water areas larger than indicated above. (FHWA2)

Land Use: Designates whether the general area in which the crash occurred is urban or rural, based on 1980 Census Data. (NHTSA1)

Land Wall: The concrete wall that forms part of the lock and is nearest to the land on the shore on which the lock chamber is constructed. (TNDOT1)

Landbridge: (See also Intermodal, Minibridge) An intermodal connection between two ocean carriers separated by a land mass, linked together in a seamless transaction by a land carrier. (MARAD1)

Landed Cost: The dollar per barrel price of crude oil at the port of discharge. Included are the charges associated with the purchase, transporting, and insuring of a cargo from the purchase point to the port of discharge. Not included are charges incurred at the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, and demurrage charges). (DOE5)

Landed Weight: The weight of an aircraft providing scheduled and non-scheduled service of only property (including mail) in intrastate, interstate and foreign air transportation. (FAA11)

Landing Area: 1) Any locality either on land, water, or structures, including airports/heliports and intermediate landing fields, which is used, or intended to be used, for the landing and takeoff of aircraft whether or not facilities are provided for the shelter, servicing, or for receiving or discharging passengers or cargo. 2) That part of a movement area intended for the landing or takeoff of aircraft. (FAA4)

Landing Direction Indicator: A device which visually indicates the direction in which landings and takeoffs should be made. (FAA4)

Landing Distance Available (LDA): The runway length declared available for landing an airplane. (FAA12)

Landing Gear: Device that supports the front end of semitrailer when not attached to a tractor. (ATA1)

Landing Gear Extended Speed: The maximum speed at which an aircraft can be safely flown with the landing gear extended. (14CFR1)

Landing Gear Operating Speed: The maximum speed at which the landing gear can be safely extended or retracted. (14CFR1)

Landing Minimums: The minimum visibility prescribed for landing a civil aircraft while using an instrument approach procedure. The minimum applies with other limitations set forth in Federal Aviation Regulation Part 91 with respect to the Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) or Decision Height (DH) prescribed in the instrument approach procedures as follows: 1) Straight-in landing minimums. A statement of MDA and visibility, or DH and visibility, required for a straight-in landing on a specified runway, or 2) Circling minimums. A statement of MDA and visibility required for the circle-to-land maneuver. Descent below the established MDA or DH is not authorized during an approach unless the aircraft is in a position from which a normal approach to the runway of intended landing can be made and adequate visual reference to required visual cues is maintained. (FAA4)

Landing Place: A place for loading and unloading passengers or cargo to and from water vessels. (DOI4)

Landing Rights Airports: Any aircraft may land at one of these airports after securing prior permission to land from U.S. Customs. (FAA2)

Landing Roll: The distance from the point of touchdown to the point where the aircraft can be brought to a stop or exit the runway. (FAA4)

Landing Sequence: The order in which aircraft are positioned for landing. (FAA4)

Landing Signal: A prearranged signal which the towboats of some companies sound when approaching their dock. (TNDOT1)

Landscaping: (See also Brush Out) Colloquial term meaning to clear shore structure of brush and vegetation in order to obtain optimum range of visibility. (TNDOT1)

Lane: A prescribed course for ships or aircraft, or a strip delineated on a road to accommodate a single line of automobiles; not to be confused with the road itself. (DOI4)

Lane: A portion of a street or highway, usually indicated by pavement markings, that is intended for one line of vehicles. (TRB1)

Large Air Carrier: Scheduled and nonscheduled aircraft operating under Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) Parts 121, 125, or 127. Note: Part 129 foreign air carriers are not included in the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) accident data base, nor are hour and departure data available for these air carriers. (FAA3)

Large Air Traffic Hub: A community enplaning 1.00 percent or more of the total enplaned passengers in all services and all operations for all communities within the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and other U.S. areas designated by the Federal Aviation Administration. (FAA2) (FAA14) (FAA15)

Large Aircraft: Aircraft of more than 12,500 pounds, maximum certificated takeoff weight. (14CFR1)

Large Aircraft Commercial Operator: Commercial operator operating aircraft with 30 seats or more or a maximum payload capacity of 7,500 pounds or more. (FAA2)

Large Aircraft Commercial Operator: Commercial operator operating aircraft of more than 12,500 pounds maximum certificated takeoff weight. (FAA9)

Large Certificated Air Carrier: An air carrier holding a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity that 1) operates aircraft designed to have a maximum passenger seating capacity of more than 60 seats or 2) maximum payload capacity of more than 18,000 pounds, (FAA2) (FAA11)

Large Fleet: A fleet of 2,000 or more reportable vehicles, domestic or foreign for which accountability is held by a department, independent establishment, bureau, or a comparable organizational unit of that department or independent establishment. (GSA1)

Large Regional Carrier Group: Air carrier groups with operating revenues between $20,000,000 and $99,000,000. (BTS4) (BTS5) (BTS6) (FAA11)

Large Truck: Trucks over 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating, including single unit trucks and truck tractors. (NHTSA3)

LAS: McCarran International Airport (FAA11)

LASH: Lighter Aboard Ship (MARAD1)

Lashing: A comparatively short manila line with an eye spliced in one end, used to moor barges and tows when passing through locks. Its average length is about 60 feet with sizes varying from 1 3/4 to 3 inches in circumference. The line is thrown somewhat in the manner of a lasso (hence the eye spliced) to catch a wall pin or bollard so as to snub the movement of barges and then moor them in the lock chamber. Also, any short length of line used to secure two barges end to end or side by side. (TNDOT1)

Last Assigned Altitude: The last altitude/flight level assigned by Air Traffic Control (ATC) and acknowledged by the pilot. (FAA4)

Latch Block: The lower extremity of a latch rod which engages with a square shoulder of the segment or quadrant to hold the lever in position. (49CFR236)

Latch Shoe: The casting by means of which the latch rod and the latch block are held to a lever of a mechanical interlocking machine. (49CFR236)

Lateral Dam: Usually a rock and brush structure constructed parallel with normal stream flow to train or confine the current to a definite channel. (TNDOT1)

Lateral Separation: The lateral spacing of aircraft at the same altitude by requiring operation on different routes or in different geographical locations. (FAA4)

Launching Ramp: A transportation structure used for launching boats. (DOI4)

LAWRS: Limited Aviation Weather Reporting Station (FAA16)

LAX: Los Angeles International Airport (FAA11)

Lay On the Air: Apply brakes. (ATA1)

Layover: Eight hours or more rest before continuing trip or any off-duty period away from home. (ATA1)

LB: Lighted Buoy (USCG5)

LBB: Lubbock International Airport (FAA11)

LCDR: Lieutenant Commander (USCG5)

LCF: Local Control Facility (FAA7)

LCL: Less Than Container Load (MARAD2)

LCV: Longer Combination-Unit Vehicle (FHWA10) (NHTSA5)

LDA: Landing Directional Aid (FAA2) (FAA17)

LDA: Localizer Directional Aid (FAA4) (FAA7)

LDA: Landing Distance Available (FAA12)

LDDV: Light Duty Diesel Vehicle (VDOT)

LDGV: Light Duty Gas Vehicle (VDOT)

LDIN: Lead-In-Light System (FAA4)

LDT: Light Displacement Ton (MARAD4)

Lead Barge: The head, or first, barge of a tow generally with a rake. (TNDOT1)

Lead Wall: (See also Guide Wall) The long wall of a lock, also known as a "guided wall," outside the confines of the lock chamber, usually the land wall in the case of older locks. (TNDOT1)

Leaded Motor Gasoline: (See also Gasoline) Contains more than 0.05 grams of lead per gallon or more than 0.005 grams of phosphorus per gallon. The actual lead content of any given gallon may vary. Premium and regular grades are included, depending on the octane rating also leaded gasohol. Blendstock is excluded until blending has been completed. Alcohol that is to be used in the blending of gasohol is also excluded. (DOE5)

Lease: Acquisition of a vehicle by an agency from a commercial firm, in lieu of government ownership, for a period of 60 continuous days or more. (GSA1)

Leased Property (Under Capital Leases): Total cost to the air carrier for all property obtained under leases that meet one or more of the following criteria; 1) The lease transfers ownership of the property to the lessee by the end of the lease term; 2) The lease contains a bargain purchase option; 3) The lease term is equal to 75 percent or more of the estimated economic life of the leased property; or 4) The present value at the beginning of the lease term of the minimum lease payments, excluding the portion of the payments representing executory costs such as insurance, maintenance and taxes to be paid by the lessor, including any profit thereon, equals or exceeds 90 percent of the excess of the fair value of the lease property to the lessor at the inception of the lease over any related investment tax credit retained by the lessor and expected to be realized by him. (BTS4)

Leasor: A person or firm that grants a lease. (MARAD1)

Left Bank: (See also Reflective Material, Right Bank) The left descending bank of a river. The side of the river marked by red buoys, white or red lights, and red reflective material. (TNDOT1)

Left-Hand Draft: Current which pulls tow to left. (TNDOT1)

Left-Hand Draft In This Set of Marks: Channel report term meaning that one should expect the tow to drift to the left while running this course. (TNDOT1)

Left-Hand Reef Makes Well In Toward Channel: Term indicating that an underwater sandbar is building in toward the channel. A condition requiring extra caution on the part of the pilot and possibly the need for a flanking maneuver if the channel is considerably constricted. (TNDOT1)

Legal Weight: The weight of the goods plus any immediate wrappings which are sold along with the goods, e.g., the weight of a tin can as well as its contents. (TNDOT1)

LEM: Linear Electric Motor (TRB1)

Less Than Truckload (LTL): A quantity of freight less than that required for the application of a truckload rate. Usually less than 10,000 pounds and generally involves the use of terminal facilities to break and consolidate shipments. (ATA2)

LEV: Low Emission Vehicle (VDOT)

Levee: (See also Lagoon, Lake) A built-up embankment on or back from the riverbank for the purpose of containing floodwater. (TNDOT1)

Level of Service: 1) A set of characteristics that indicate the quality and quantity of transportation service provided, including characteristics that are quantifiable and those that are difficult to quantify. 2) For highway systems, a qualitative rating of the effectiveness of a highway or highway facility in serving traffic, in terms of operating conditions. 3) For paratransit, a variety of measures meant to denote the quality of service provided, generally in terms of total travel time or a specific component of total travel time. 4) For pedestrians, sets of area occupancy classifications to connect the design of pedestrian facilities with levels of service. (TRB1)

LF: Low Frequency (FAA4)

LFR: Low Frequency Radio Range (14CFR1)

LGA: La Guardia Airport (FAA11)

License Plate Lamp: A lamp used to illuminate the license plate on the rear of a motor vehicle. (49CFR393)

Licensed Driver: Any person who holds a valid driver's license from any state. (FHWA3)

LIDAR: Light Detection and Ranging (FHWA14)

Lie Sheet: Driver's log book. (ATA1)

Lift Vessel: A vessel designed to be loaded or unloaded by moving the containers with a heavy crane. (TNDOT1)

Light Boat: A towboat without a tow. (TNDOT1)

Light Density Railroad: Railroads with 1200 or less train-miles per road mile. (49CFR245)

Light Duty Vehicle: Automobiles and light trucks combined. (DOE6)

Light Gun: A handheld directional light signaling device which emits a brilliant narrow beam of white, green, or red light as selected by the tower controller. The color and type of light transmitted can be used to approve or disapprove anticipated pilot actions where radio communication is not available. The light gun is used for controlling traffic operating in the vicinity of the airport and on the airport movement area. (FAA4)

Light Rail: A streetcar type vehicle operated on city streets, semi-exclusive rights of way, or exclusive rights of way. Service may be provided by step entry vehicles or by level boarding. (49CFR37)

Light Rail: An electric railway with a "light volume" traffic capacity compared to "heavy rail." Light rail may use shared or exclusive rights-of-way, high or low platform loading, and multi-car trains or single cars. Also known as "Streetcar", "Troller car", and "Tramway". (APTA1)

Light Rail: Lightweight passenger rail cars operating singly (or in short, usually two-car, trains) on fixed rails in right-of-way that is not separated from other traffic for much of the way. Light rail vehicles are driven electrically with power being drawn from an overhead electric line via a trolley or a pantograph. (FTA1)

Light Rail (StreetCar): Urban transit which uses predominantly reserved but not always grade-separated rights-of-way. Electrically powered rail vehicles operate alone or in trains. (FTA2)

Light Rail Vehicles (Streetcars): Rail cars with motive capability, usually driven by electric power taken from overhead lines, configured for passenger traffic and usually operating on non-exclusive right-of-way. (FTA1)

Light Stand: Colloquial term meaning the position or location of a shore-lighted aid to navigation. (TNDOT1)

Light Truck: An automobile other than a passenger automobile which is either designed for off-highway operation as described in the second sentence below or designed to perform at least one of the following functions: 1) Transport more than 10 persons; 2) Provide temporary living quarters; 3) Transport property on an open bed; 4) Provide greater cargo-carrying than passenger-carrying volume; or 5) Permit expanded use of the automobile for cargo-carrying purposes or other nonpassenger-carrying purposes through the removal of seats by means installed for that purpose by the automobile's manufacturer or with simple tools, such as a screwdriver and wrenches, so as to create a flat, floor level, surface extending from the forward most point of installation of those seats to the rear of the automobile's interior. An automobile capable of off-highway operation is an automobile a) That has 4-wheel drive; or is rated at more than 6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight; and b) That has at least four of the following characteristics calculated when the automobile is at curb weight, on a level surface, with the front wheels parallel to the automobile's longitudinal centerline, and the tires inflated to the manufacturer's recommended pressure: (i) Approach angle of not less than 28 degrees; (ii) Breakover angle of not less than 14 degrees; (iii) Departure angle of not less than 20 degrees; (iv) Running clearance of not less than 20 centimeters; (v) Front and rear axle clearances of not less than 18 centimeters each. (49CFR523)

Light Truck: Trucks of 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating or less, including pickups, vans, truck-based station wagons, and utility vehicles. (NHTSA2) (NHTSA3)

Light Truck: Two-axle, four-tire trucks. (DOE6)

Lighted Airport: An airport where runway and obstruction lighting is available. (FAA4)

Lighter: A barge used in off-loading an oceangoing vessel. (TNDOT1)

Lighter-Aboard-Ship (LASH): A type of barge carrying vessel equipped with an overhead crane capable of lifting barges of a common size and stowing them into cellular slots in athwartship position. Lighter Aboard Ship (LAS) is an all-water technology analogous to containerization. (MARAD1)

Lighter-Than-Air Aircraft: Aircraft that can rise and remain suspended by using contained gas weighing less than the air that is displaced by the gas. (14CFR1)

LIH: Lihue Airport (FAA11)

LIM: Linear Induction Motor (TRB1)

Limited Radar Airport Traffic Control Tower: Airport traffic control tower at which air traffic control specialists are permitted to provide radar approach control service that requires only limited vectoring, as well as to handle takeoffs and landings. (FAA10) (FAA13)

Limousine or Auto Rental With Driver: Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing limousines or auto rentals with drivers, where such operations are principally within a single municipality, contiguous municipalities, or a municipality and its suburban areas eg. automobile rental with driver, limousine rental with driver, hearse rental with driver, passenger automobile rental with driver. (BOC1)

LINCS: Leased Interfacility Nas Communications System (FAA19)

Line: One or more running tracks, each kilometre of line counting as one, however many tracks there may be. The total length of line operated is the length operated for passenger or goods transport, or both. Where a section of network comprises two or more lines running alongside on another, there are as many lines as routes to which tracks are allotted exclusively. (UN1)

Line Miles: The sum of the actual physical length (measured in only one direction) of all streets, highways, or rights-of-way traversed by a transportation system (including exclusive rights-of-way and specially controlled facilities) regardless of the number of routes or vehicles that pass over any of the sections. (TRB1)

Line Section: A continuous run of pipe that is contained between adjacent pressure pump stations, between a pressure pump station and a terminal or breakout tank, between a pressure pump station and a block valve, or between adjacent block valves. (49CFR194) (49CFR195)

Line Spar: Line used to secure spar to deck. (TNDOT1)

Line Through: To pull boat through swift shallow channel by means of lines placed on bank. A term seldom used today. (TNDOT1)

Line-Haul: (See also Linehaul) Transportation from one city to another as differentiated from local switching service. (MARAD2)

Line-Haul Operation Railroads: Establishments primarily engaged in line-haul railroad passenger and freight operations. (BOC1)

Linear Referencing System (LRS): The total set of procedures for determining and retaining a record of specific points along a highway. Typical systems used are mile point, milepost, reference point, and link-node. (FHWA2)

Linear Service: International water carriers that ply fixed routes on published schedules. (MARAD1)

Linehaul: (See also Line-Haul) The movement of trains between terminals and stations on the main or branch lines of the road, exclusive of switching movements. (AAR1)

Liner: A word derived from the term "line traffic," which denotes operation along definite routes on the basis of definite, fixed schedules; a "line" thus is a vessel that engages in this kind of transportation, which generally involves the haulage of general cargo as distinct from bulk cargo. (TNDOT1)

Liner: A vessel sailing between specified ports on a regular basis. (MARAD2)

Liner Terms: An expression covering assessment of ocean freight rates generally implying that loading and discharging expenses will be for ship owner's account, and usually apply from the end of ship's tackle in port of loading to the end of ship's tackle in port of discharge. (TNDOT1)

Lines (Used In Towing): Back line, backing line, breast line, check line, dropping out line, face line, fore and aft line, handy line, head line, jockey line, lashing, lead line, lock line, monkey line, quarter line, side line, spar line, stem line, tow line, spring line, peg line. (TNDOT1)

Linked Passenger Trip: A trip from origin to destination on the transit system. Even if a passenger must make several transfers during a journey, the trip is counted as one linked trip on the system. (FTA1)

LIP: Limited Implementation Program (FAA17)

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): 1) Natural gas or synthetic gas having methane as its major constituent which has been changed to a liquid or semisolid. 2) Natural gas (primarily methane) that has been liquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 degrees at atmospheric pressure. (49CFR193) (DOE3)

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Facility: A pipeline facility that is used for liquefying or solidifying natural gas or synthetic gas or transferring, storing, or vaporizing liquefied natural gas. (49CFR193)

Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG): Ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, and isobutane produced at refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants that fractionate new natural gas plant liquids. (DOE3)

Liquid: A material that has a vertical flow of over 2 inches (50 mm) within a three minute period, or a material having one gram or more liquid separation, when determined in accordance with the procedures specified in American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) specification D4359-84, "Standard Test Method for Determining whether a Material is a Liquid or Solid," 1984 edition. (49CFR171)

Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG): Consists of propane and butane and is usually derived from natural gas. In locations where there is no natural gas and the gasoline consumption is low, naphtha is converted to LPG by catalytic reforming. (AGA1) (DOE6)

Liquid Phase: A material that meets the definition of liquid when evaluated at the higher of the temperature at which it is offered for transportation or at which it is transported, not at the 37.8 degree C (100 degree F) temperature specified in American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) specification D4359-84. (49CFR171)

LIRL: Low Intensity Runway Edge Lights (FAA16)

LIRR: Long Island Rail Road (FTA4)

LIRS: Low Impact Resistant Supports (FAA12)

LIT: Adams Field (FAA11)

Lite Locomotive: A locomotive or a consist of locomotives not attached to any piece of equipment or attached only to a caboose. (49CFR229)

Lives Lost: Those persons who perished as a direct result of the distress incident to which the Coast Guard was responding. Lives Lost Before refers to those persons who were considered lost prior to Coast Guard notification. Lives Lost After refers to those persons who were alive at the time of Coast Guard notification, but who subsequently died. (USCG3)

Lives Saved: Those persons who would have been lost without Coast Guard assistance. (USCG3)

Livestock Body: Truck or trailer designed for the transportation of farm animals. (ATA1)

LLWAS: Low Level Wind Shear Alert System (FAA17) (FAA19)

LNG: Liquid Natural Gas (49CFR193) (BTS8) (DOE3)

Load Factor: The ratio of a specified load to the total weight of the aircraft. The specified load is expressed in terms of any of the following: aerodynamic forces, inertia forces, or ground or water reactions. (14CFR1)

Load Factor: The percentage of seating or freight capacity which is utilized. (ATAB1)

Load Factor: A term relating the potential capacity of a system relative to its actual performance. Is often calculated as total passenger miles divided by total vehicle miles. (DOE6)

Load Ratio: The ratio of loaded miles to empty miles per tractor. (MARAD2)

Loaded Car Mile: A loaded car mile is a mile run by a freight car with a load. In the case of intermodal movements, the car miles generated will be loaded or empty depending on whether the trailers/containers are moved with or without a waybill, respectively. (AAR1)

Loading Island: 1) A pedestrian refuge within the right-of-way and traffic lanes of a highway or street. It is provided at designated transit stops for the protection of passengers from traffic while they wait for and board or alight from transit vehicles. 2) A protected spot for the loading and unloading of passengers. (TRB1)

Loading Tramway: A pair of rails running down the riverbank upon which a cart rides for the purpose of loading buoys and other equipment aboard a tender. (TNDOT1)

Local Aircraft Operations: Performed by aircraft that: 1) Operate in the local traffic pattern or within sight of the airport; 2) Known to be departing for, or arriving from flight in local practice areas located within a 20-mile radius of the airport; 3) Execute simulated instrument approaches or low passes at the airport. (FAA13) (FAA14)

Local Airport Advisory (LAA): A service provided by flight service stations or the military at airports not serviced by an operating control tower. This service consists of providing information to arriving and departing aircraft concerning wind direction and speed, favored runway, altimeter setting, pertinent known traffic, pertinent known field conditions, airport taxi routes and traffic patterns, and authorized instrument approach procedures. This information is advisory in nature and does not constitute an Air Traffic Control (ATC) clearance. (FAA4)

Local and Suburban and Interurban Passenger Transportation Transit: Includes establishments that provide local and suburban passenger transportation, such as those providing passenger transportation within a single municipality, contiguous municipalities, or a municipality and its suburban areas by bus, rail, car subway, either separately or in combination. Also included are sightseeing, charter, intercity passenger operations, and establishments providing passenger terminal and maintenance facilities. (BEA1)

Local and Suburban Transit: Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing local and suburban mass passenger transportation over regular routes and on regular schedules, with operations confined principally to a municipality, contiguous municipalities, or a municipality and its suburban areas. Also included in this industry are establishments primarily engaged in furnishing passenger transportation by automobile, bus, or rail to, from, or between airports or rail terminals over regular routes and those providing bus and rail commuter services. (BOC1)

Local Bus Charter Service: Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing local bus charter service where such operations are principally within a single municipality, contiguous municipalities or a municipality and its suburban areas. (BOC1)

Local Courier Service: Establishments primarily engaged in the delivery of individually addressed letters, parcels, or packages (generally under 100 pounds), except by means of air transportation or by the United States Postal Service. Delivery is usually made by street or highway within a local area or between cities. (BOC1)

Local Freight: Freight movements within the confines of a port, whether the port has only one or several arms or channels (except car ferry and general ferry). The term is also applied to marine products, sand, and gravel taken directly from the Great Lakes. (TNDOT1)

Local Operations: Performed by aircraft which; 1) Operate in the local traffic pattern or within sight of the airport. 2) Are known to be departing for, or arriving from, flight in local practice areas within a 20 mile radius of the airport. 3) Execute simulated instrument approaches or low passes at the airport. Itinerant operations are all airport operations other than local operations. (FAA2)

Local Passenger (Not Elsewhere Classified) Transportation: Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing miscellaneous passenger transportation, where such operations are principally within a single municipality, contiguous municipalities, or a municipality and its suburban areas. (BOC1)

Local Roads: Those roads and streets whose principal function is to provide direct access to abutting land. (FHWA5)

Local Streets and Roads: (See also Highway, Road) Streets whose primary purpose is feeding higher order systems, providing direct access with little or no through traffic. (NHTSA3)

Local Traffic: 1) Aircraft operating in the traffic pattern or within sight of the tower. 2) Aircraft known to be departing or arriving from flight in local practice areas. 3) Aircraft executing practice instrument approaches at the airport. (FAA4)

Local Trip: An intracity or short mileage trip by commercial motor vehicle. (FHWA4)

Local Trucking (With Storage): Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing both trucking and storage services, including household goods, within a single municipality, contiguous municipalities, or a municipality and its suburban areas. (BOC1)

Local Trucking (Without Storage): Establishments primarily engaged in furnishing trucking or transfer services without storage for freight generally weighing more than 100 pounds, in a single municipality, contiguous municipalities, or a municipality and its suburban areas. (BOC1)

Localizer: (See also Glideslope, Instrument Landing System, Middle Marker, Outer Marker) The component of an Instrument Landing System (ILS) which provides course guidance to the runway. (FAA4)

Localizer Course: The locus of points, in any given horizontal plane, at which the difference in depth of modulation (DDM) is zero. (FAA4)

Localizer Type Directional Aid: A Navigational Aid (NAVAID) used for nonprecision instrument approaches with utility and accuracy comparable to a localizer but which is not a part of a complete Instrument Landing System and is not aligned with the runway. (FAA4)

Localizer Usable Distance: The maximum distance from the localizer transmitter at a specified altitude, as verified by flight inspection, at which reliable course information is continuously received. (FAA4)

Location Identifier (LOCID): A unique code which is assigned by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to identify each airport. (FAA11)

Locator: A low/medium frequency (LM/MF) nondirectional beacon (NDB) used as an aid to final approach. Note: A locator usually has an average radius of rated coverage of between 18.6 and 46.3 miles (10 and 26 NM). (FAA4)

LOCID: Location Identifier (FAA11)

Lock: An enclosure in a water body with gates at each end to raise or lower water vessels as they pass from one level to another. (DOI4)

Lock Cell: The chamber of a lock. (TNDOT1)

Lock Gate: A movable, structural barrier to hold back the water in a lock chamber. (TNDOT1)

Lock Line: A long line led from the bow and the stern of the tow to the lock wall. (TNDOT1)

Lock Rod: [with respect to rail operations] A rod, attached to the front rod or lug of a switch, movable-point frog or derail, through which a locking plunger may extend when the switch points or derail are in the normal or reverse position. (49CFR236)

Lock Traffic Lights: Red, yellow, and green lights displayed at the entrances of the lock, both up bound and down bound, for the purpose of controlling traffic. (TNDOT1)

Locking Bar: [with respect to rail operations] A bar in an interlocking machine to which the locking dogs are attached. (49CFR236)

Locking Bed: [with respect to rail operations] That part of an interlocking machine that contains or holds the tappets, locking bars, crosslocking, dogs and other apparatus used to interlock the levers. (49CFR236)

Locking Dog: (See also Dog Chart) [with respect to rail operations] A steel block attached to a locking bar or tappet of an interlocking machine, by means of which locking between levers is accomplished. (49CFR236)

Locking Face: [with respect to rail operations] The locking surface of a locking dog, tappet or cross locking of an interlocking machine. (49CFR236)

Locking Sheet: A description in tabular form of the locking operations in an interlocking machine. (49CFR236)

Locking Time: The total time required for a tow to pass through a locking procedure. This includes approach time, chamber time, and time to clear the lock. (TNDOT1)

Locomotive: See also Rail, Railroad, Railway, Train.

Locomotive: A self-propelled unit of equipment designed for moving other railroad rolling equipment in revenue service including a self-propelled unit designed to carry freight or passenger traffic, or both, and may consist of one or more units operated from a single control. (49CFR218) (49CFR221) (FRA3) (FRA4)

Locomotive: A self-propelled unit of equipment designed primarily for moving other equipment. It does not include self-propelled passenger cars. (49CFR223)

Locomotive: A piece of ontrack equipment other than hi-rail, specialized maintenance, or other similar equipment; 1) With one or more propelling motors designed for moving other equipment; 2) With one or more propelling motors designed to carry freight or passenger traffic or both; or 3) Without propelling motors but with one or more control stands. (49CFR229) (UN1)

Locomotive: A self-propelled unit of equipment which can be used in train service. (49CFR236)

Locomotive Cab: That portion of the superstructure designed to be occupied by the crew while operating the locomotive. (49CFR223)

Locomotive Mile: The movement of a locomotive under its own power the distance of one mile. (FRA3)

Locomotive Unit Mile: The movement of a locomotive unit one mile under its own power. Miles of locomotives in helper service are computed on the basis of actual distance run in such service. Locomotive unit miles in road service are based on the actual distance run between terminals and/or stations. Train switching locomotive unit miles are computed at the rate of six miles per hour for the time actually engaged in such service. (AAR1)

Log Body: Truck or trailer designed for the transportation of logs or other loads which may be boomed or chained in place. (ATA1)

Long Range Navigation (LRNAV): A method of navigation that permits navigation over long distances. This is in contrast to the relatively short range navigation provided by the Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Radio Range (VOR) system. (FAA6) (FAA10)

Long Ton: 2,240 pounds. (MARAD2)

Longer Combination Vehicles (LCV): Any combination of truck tractor and two or more trailers or semitrailers which operates on the Interstate System at a gross vehicle weight greater than 80,000 pounds. (23CFR658)

Longitudinal: Parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle. (49CFR571)

Longitudinal Separation: The longitudinal spacing of aircraft at the same altitude by a minimum distance expressed in units of time or miles. (FAA4)

Loose-Headed: Light board under way. (TNDOT1)

Loran: An electronic navigational system by which hyperbolic lines of position are determined by measuring the difference in the time of reception of synchronized pulse signals from two fixed transmitters. Loran A operates in the 1750-1950 kHz frequency band. Loran C and D operate in the 100-110 kHz frequency band. (FAA4)

LORAN: Long Range Navigation (FAA17) (FAA19) (FAA8)

LOS: Level of Service (BTS8)

Lost Communications: Loss of the ability to communicate by radio. Aircraft are sometimes referred to as NORDO (No Radio). Standard pilot procedures are specified in Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) Part 91. Radar controllers issue procedures for pilots to follow in the event of lost communications during a radar approach when weather reports indicate that an aircraft will likely encounter Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) weather conditions during the approach. (FAA4)

Lost Workdays: Any full day or part of a day (consecutive or not) other than the day of injury, that a railroad employee is away from work because of injury or occupational illness. (49CFR225)

LOU: Letters of Undertaking (RSPA1)

Low Altitude Airway Structure (LAAS): The network of airways serving aircraft operations up to but not including 18,000 feet mean sea level (MSL). (FAA4)

Low Altitude Alert System (LAAS): An automated function of the TPX42 that alerts the controller when a Mode C transponder equipped aircraft on an Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) flight plan is below a predetermined minimum safe altitude. If requested by the pilot, Low Altitude Alert System (LAAS) monitoring is also available to Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Mode C transponder equipped aircraft. (FAA4)

Low Approach: An approach over an airport or runway following an instrument approach or a Visual Flight Rules (VFR) approach including the go-around maneuver where the pilot intentionally does not make contact with the runway. (FAA4)

Low Boy: A low trailer for hauling heavy machinery. (ATA1)

Low Emission Vehicle: A clean fuel vehicle meeting the low-emission vehicle standards. (DOE6)

Low Frequency: The frequency band between 30 and 300 kHz. (FAA4)

Low Head: Vertical difference of 100 feet or less in the upstream surface water elevation (headwater) and the downstream surface water elevation (tailwater) at a dam. (DOE5)

Low Impact Resistant Supports (LIRS): Supports designed to resist operational and environmental static loads and fail when subjected to a shock load such as that from a colliding aircraft. (FAA12)

Low Type Road Surface: Bituminous surface-treated Surface/Pavement Type Code 51. (FHWA2)

Low Water Dam: (See also Weir) 1) A low level dam designed to hold back a head of water so as to maintain project depth in a certain area. The dam may be visible at the low water stage. 2) A dam that is more effective at low water; at high water the dam becomes a weir. (TNDOT1)

Low Water Datum: A term used by the Corps of Engineers to define their originating point of elevation in determining stages of water when erecting various gages along the river. (TNDOT1)

Lower Gage: A gage located in the tailwater of a dam (downstream side); colloquially called "tailgate". (TNDOT1)

Lower-Half of Saddle-Mount: (See also King-Pin Saddle-Mount, Saddle-Mount, Upper-Half of Saddle-Mount) That part of the device which is securely attached to the towing vehicle and maintains a fixed position relative thereto but does not include the "king-pin." (49CFR393)

LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (BTS2) (DOE3)

LPMS: Lock Performance Monitoring System (DoD/COE1)

LRG: Liquefied Refinery Gases (DOE7)

LRNAV: Long Range Navigation (FAA6)

LRR: Long-Range Radar (FAA19)

LRRT: Light Rail Rapid Transit (TRB1)

LRS: Linear Referencing System (FHWA8)

LRT: Light Rail Transit (TRB1)

LRV: Light Rail Vehicle (TRB1)

LSM: Linear Synchronous Motor (TRB1)

LSV: Logistics Support Vessel (MTMC1)

LT: Fixed Light (USCG5)

LTL: Less Than Truckload (ATA2) (BTS2) (MARAD1)

LTPP: Long-Term Pavement Performance (FHWA7) (FHWA8)

Lumber Body: Platform truck or trailer body with traverse rollers designed for the transportation of sawed lumber. (ATA1)

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