Child and family characteristic |
Read stories |
Told stories |
Sung to |
Taken on errands |
Played peek-a-boo |
Played outside |
|
Total |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than 10 months |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
11–13 months |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
14–22 months |
2.7 |
3.1 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
3.1 |
Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
Female |
1.0 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
Race/ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
American Indian |
3.2 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
3.4 |
Asian/Pacific Islander |
1.8 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
2.2 |
1.6 |
2.3 |
Black |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.8 |
1.8 |
White |
1.1 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
Hispanic |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
1.6 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
Birth weigh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Normal |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
Low |
1.6 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
Very low |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
Poverty status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Poor |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
Nonpoor |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
Mother’s education |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than high school |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
High school diploma or equivalent |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
Some college |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
Bachelor’s degree or higher |
1.8 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
1.8 |
1.3 |
1.7 |
Family type |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Two parents, with other siblings |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
Two parents, without other siblings |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
One parent, with other siblings |
1.9 |
2.0 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
2.2 |
One parent, without other siblings |
2.0 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
1.6 |
1.9 |
2.3 |
Primary language spoken in the home |
|
|
|
|
|
|
English |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
Other than English |
1.2 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
Mother’s employment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
35 hours or more |
1.8 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
Less than 35 hours |
2.4 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.7 |
1.4 |
1.8 |
Unemployed |
2.8 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
2.8 |
Not in labor force |
1.5 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
Number of family risk factors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zero |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
One |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
Two or more |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
|
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS–B), Restricted-Use File (NCES 2004–093), previously unpublished tabulation (January 2005).
|