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2.   Estimated Tax for 2009

Introduction

Estimated tax is the method used to pay tax on income that is not subject to withholding. This includes income from self-employment, interest, dividends, alimony, rent, gains from the sale of assets, prizes, and awards. You also may have to pay estimated tax if the amount of income tax being withheld from your salary, pension, or other income is not enough.

Estimated tax is used to pay both income tax and self-employment tax, as well as other taxes and amounts reported on your tax return. If you do not pay enough tax, either through withholding or estimated tax, or a combination of both, you may have to pay a penalty. If you do not pay enough by the due date of each payment period (see When To Pay Estimated Tax on page 24), you may be charged a penalty even if you are due a refund when you file your tax return. For information on when the penalty applies, see chapter 4.

It would be helpful for you to keep a copy of your 2008 tax return and an estimate of your 2009 income nearby while reading this chapter.

Topics - This chapter discusses:

  • Who must pay estimated tax,

  • How to figure estimated tax (including illustrated examples),

  • When to pay estimated tax,

  • How to figure each payment, and

  • How to pay estimated tax.

Useful Items - You may want to see:

Publication

  • 553 Highlights of 2008 Tax Changes

Form (and Instructions)

  • 1040-ES Estimated Tax for Individuals

See chapter 5 for information about how to get this publication and form.

Worksheets.   You may need to use several of the blank worksheets included in this chapter. See Table 2-2 on page 34 to locate what you need.

Who Does Not Have To Pay Estimated Tax

If you receive salaries and wages, you can avoid having to pay estimated tax by asking your employer to take more tax out of your earnings. To do this, file a new Form W-4 with your employer. See chapter 1.

Estimated tax not required.   You do not have to pay estimated tax for 2009 if you meet all three of the following conditions.
  • You had no tax liability for 2008.

  • You were a U.S. citizen or resident alien for the whole year.

  • Your 2008 tax year covered a 12-month period.

  You had no tax liability for 2008 if your total tax (defined on page 24 under Total tax for 2008—Line 14b) was zero or you did not have to file an income tax return.

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Figure 2-A: Do You Have To Pay Estimated Tax?

Who Must Pay Estimated Tax

If you owed additional tax for 2008, you may have to pay estimated tax for 2009.

General Rule

You must pay estimated tax for 2009 if both of the following apply.

  1. You expect to owe at least $1,000 in tax for 2009, after subtracting your withholding and credits.

  2. You expect your withholding and credits to be less than the smaller of:

    1. 90% of the tax to be shown on your 2009 tax return, or

    2. 100% of the tax shown on your 2008 tax return. Your 2008 tax return must cover all 12 months.

Note. These percentages may be different if you are an eligible small business, farmer, fisherman, or higher income taxpayer. See Special Rules beginning on page 20.

You may find Figure 2-A on page 20 helpful in determining if you must pay estimated tax.

If all your income will be subject to income tax withholding, you probably do not need to pay estimated tax.

Example 1.

To figure whether she should pay estimated tax for 2009, Jane, who files as head of household, uses Figure 2-A and the following information.

Expected adjusted gross income (AGI) for 2009 $82,800
AGI for 2008 $73,700
Tax shown on 2008 return $  9,744
Tax expected to be shown on 2009 return $11,640
Tax expected to be withheld in 2009 $10,500

Jane's answer to the chart's first question is YES; she expects to owe at least $1,000 for 2009 after subtracting her withholding from her expected tax ($11,640 − $10,500 = $1,140). Her answer to the chart's second question is also YES; she expects her income tax withholding ($10,500) to be at least 90% of the tax to be shown on her 2009 return ($11,640 × 90% = $10,476). Jane does not need to pay estimated tax.

Example 2.

The facts are the same as in Example 1, except that Jane expects only $8,500 tax to be withheld in 2009. Because that is less than $10,476, her answer to the chart's second question is NO.

Jane's answer to the chart's third question is also NO; she does not expect her income tax withholding ($8,500) to be at least 100% of the tax shown on her 2008 return ($9,744). Jane must pay estimated tax for 2009.

Example 3.

The facts are the same as in Example 2, except that the tax shown on Jane's 2008 return was $8,000. Because she expects to have more than $8,000 withheld in 2009 ($8,500), her answer to the chart's third question is YES. Jane does not need to pay estimated tax for 2009.

Married Taxpayers

If you qualify to make joint estimated tax payments, apply the rules discussed here to your joint estimated income.

You and your spouse can qualify to make joint estimated tax payments even if you are not living together.

However, you and your spouse cannot make joint estimated tax payments if:

  • You are legally separated under a decree of divorce or separate maintenance,

  • You and your spouse have different tax years, or

  • Either spouse is a nonresident alien (unless that spouse elected to be treated as a resident alien). See Choosing Resident Alien Status in Publication 519.

If you do not qualify to make joint estimated tax payments, apply these rules to your separate estimated income.

Making joint or separate estimated tax payments will not affect your choice of filing a joint tax return or separate returns for 2009.

2008 separate returns and 2009 joint return.   If you plan to file a joint return with your spouse for 2009, but you filed separate returns for 2008, your 2008 tax is the total of the tax shown on your separate returns. You filed a separate return if you filed as single, head of household, or married filing separately.

2008 joint return and 2009 separate returns.   If you plan to file a separate return for 2009, but you filed a joint return for 2008, your 2008 tax is your share of the tax on the joint return. You file a separate return if you file as single, head of household, or married filing separately.

  To figure your share of the tax on a joint return, first figure the tax both you and your spouse would have paid had you filed separate returns for 2008 using the same filing status as for 2009. Then multiply the tax on the joint return by the following fraction.

  
  The tax you would have paid had you filed a separate return  
The total tax you and your spouse would have paid had you filed separate returns

Example.

Joe and Heather filed a joint return for 2008 showing taxable income of $48,500 and a tax of $6,476. Of the $48,500 taxable income, $40,100 was Joe's and the rest was Heather's. For 2009, they plan to file married filing separately. Joe figures his share of the tax on the 2008 joint return as follows:

Tax on $40,100 based on separate return $6,375
Tax on $8,400 based on separate return 863
Total $7,238
Joe's percentage of total ($6,375 ÷ $7,238) 88%
Joe's share of tax on joint return
($6,476 × 88%)
$5,699

Special Rules

There are special rules for eligible small businesses, farmers, fishermen, and certain higher income taxpayers.

Eligible Small Businesses

If you have an eligible small business, substitute 90% for 100% in (2b) under General Rule on the previous page.

You have an eligible small business if you satisfy the following.

  • You certify that more than 50% of your gross income in 2008 was income from a small business.

  • The average number of employees for the 2008 calendar year was less than 500.

  • Your AGI for 2008 was less than $500,000 ($250,000 if you are married filing separate returns in 2009).

Farmers and Fishermen

If at least two-thirds of your gross income for 2008 or 2009 is from farming or fishing, substitute 66% for 90% in (2a) under General Rule on the previous page.

Gross income.   Your gross income is all income you receive in the form of money, goods, property, and services that is not exempt from tax. To determine whether two-thirds of your gross income for 2008 was from farming or fishing, use as your gross income the total of the income (not loss) amounts.

Joint returns.   On a joint return, you must add your spouse's gross income to your gross income to determine if at least two-thirds of your total gross income is from farming or fishing.

Gross income from farming.   This is income from cultivating the soil or raising agricultural commodities. It includes the following amounts.
  • Income from operating a stock, dairy, poultry, bee, fruit, or truck farm.

  • Income from a plantation, ranch, nursery, range, orchard, or oyster bed.

  • Crop shares for the use of your land.

  • Gains from sales of draft, breeding, dairy, or sporting livestock.

  For 2008, gross income from farming is the total of the following amounts.
  • Schedule F (Form 1040), Profit or Loss From Farming, line 11.

  • Form 4835, Farm Rental Income and Expenses, line 7.

  • Your share of the gross farming income from a partnership, S corporation, estate or trust, from: Schedule K-1 (Form 1065), Box 14, code B; Schedule K-1 (Form 1120S), Box 17, code T; or Schedule K-1 (Form 1041), Box 14, code F.

  • Your gains from sales of draft, breeding, dairy, or sporting livestock shown on Form 4797, Sales of Business Property.

  Wages you receive as a farm employee and wages you receive from a farm corporation are not gross income from farming.

Gross income from fishing.   This is income from catching, taking, harvesting, cultivating, or farming any kind of fish, shellfish (for example, clams and mussels), crustaceans (for example, lobsters, crabs, and shrimp), sponges, seaweeds, or other aquatic forms of animal and vegetable life.

  Gross income from fishing includes the following amounts.
  • Schedule C (Form 1040), Profit or Loss From Business, line 7.

  • Income for services as an officer or crew member of a vessel while the vessel is engaged in fishing.

  • Your share of the gross fishing income from a partnership, S corporation, estate or trust, from: Schedule K-1 (Form 1065), Box 14, code B; Schedule K-1 (Form 1120S), Box 17, code T; or Schedule K-1 (Form 1041), Box 14, code F.

  • Certain interest and punitive damage awards received in connection with the Exxon Valdez litigation.

  • Income for services normally performed in connection with fishing.

Services normally performed in connection with fishing include:
  • Shore service as an officer or crew member of a vessel engaged in fishing, and

  • Services that are necessary for the immediate preservation of the catch, such as cleaning, icing, and packing the catch.

Higher Income Taxpayers

If your AGI for 2008 was more than $150,000 ($75,000 if your filing status for 2009 is married filing a separate return), substitute 110% for 100% in (2b) under General Rule on page 19.

For 2008, AGI is the amount shown on Form 1040, line 37; Form 1040A, line 21; and Form 1040EZ, line 4.

Note.

This rule does not apply to farmers and fishermen.

Aliens

Resident and nonresident aliens also may have to pay estimated tax. Resident aliens should follow the rules in this publication, unless noted otherwise. Nonresident aliens should get Form 1040-ES (NR), U.S. Estimated Tax for Nonresident Alien Individuals.

You are an alien if you are not a citizen or national of the United States. You are a resident alien if you either have a green card or meet the substantial presence test.

See Publication 519 for more information about Form 1040-ES (NR) and withholding (chapter 8) and the substantial presence test (chapter 1).

Estates and Trusts

Estates and trusts also must pay estimated tax. However, estates (and certain grantor trusts that receive the residue of the decedent's estate under the decedent's will) are exempt from paying estimated tax for the first two years after the decedent's death.

Estates and trusts must use Form 1041-ES, Estimated Income Tax for Estates and Trusts, to figure and pay estimated tax.

How To Figure Estimated Tax

To figure your estimated tax, you must figure your expected AGI, taxable income, taxes, deductions, and credits for the year.

When figuring your 2009 estimated tax, it may be helpful to use your income, deductions, and credits for 2008 as a starting point. Use your 2008 federal tax return as a guide. You can use Form 1040-ES to figure your estimated tax. Nonresident aliens use Form 1040-ES (NR) to figure estimated tax.

You must make adjustments both for changes in your own situation and for recent changes in the tax law. For 2009, there are several changes in the law. Some of these changes are discussed under What's New for 2009 beginning on page 2. For information about these and other changes in the law, get Publication 553 or visit the IRS website at www.irs.gov.

The instructions for Form 1040-ES include a worksheet to help you figure your estimated tax. Keep the worksheet for your records.

2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet

Use the worksheet (Figure 2-B) on page 22 to help guide you through the information about completing the 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet. You also will find a blank worksheet on page 35.

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Fig. 2-B. 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet

Expected AGI—Line 1

Your expected AGI for 2009 (line 1) is your expected total income minus your expected adjustments to income.

Total income.   Include in your total income all the income you expect to receive during the year, even income that is subject to withholding. However, do not include income that is tax exempt.

  Total income includes all income and loss for 2009 that, if you had received it in 2008, would have been included on your 2008 tax return in the total on line 22 of Form 1040, line 15 of Form 1040A, or line 4 of Form 1040EZ.

Social security and railroad retirement benefits. If you expect to receive social security or tier 1 railroad retirement benefits during 2009, use Worksheet 2-1 on page 36 to figure the amount of expected taxable benefits you should include on line 1.
Adjustments to income.   Be sure to subtract from your expected total income all of the adjustments you expect to take on your 2009 tax return. If you are using your 2008 return as a guide and filed Form 1040, your adjustments for 2008 were on lines 23–35, plus any write-in adjustments on line 36. If you filed Form 1040A, your 2008 adjustments were on lines 16–19.

Self-employed. If you expect to have income from self-employment, use Worksheet 2-2 on page 37 to figure your expected self-employment tax and your deduction for one-half of your self-employment tax. Include the amount from line 11 of Worksheet 2-2 in your expected adjustments to income. If you file a joint return and both you and your spouse have net earnings from self-employment, each of you must complete a separate worksheet.

Expected Taxable Income— Lines 2–5

Reduce your expected AGI for 2009 (line 1) by either your expected itemized deductions or your standard deduction and by your exemptions (lines 2 through 5).

Itemized deductions—line 2.   If you expect to claim itemized deductions on your 2009 tax return, enter the estimated amount on line 2.

  Itemized deductions are the deductions that can be claimed on Schedule A of Form 1040.

Phaseout of itemized deductions. For 2009, your total itemized deductions may be reduced if your AGI is more than $166,800 ($83,400 if married filing separately). If you expect your AGI to be more than that amount, use Worksheet 2-4 on page 39 to figure the amount to enter on line 2.
Standard deduction—line 2.   If you expect to claim the standard deduction on your 2009 tax return, enter the amount on line 2. Use Worksheet 2-3 on page 38 to figure your standard deduction.

No standard deduction.   The standard deduction for some individuals is zero. Your standard deduction will be zero if you:
  • File a separate return and your spouse itemizes deductions,

  • Are a dual-status alien, or

  • File a return for a period of less than 12 months because you change your accounting period.

Exemptions—line 4.   After you have subtracted either your expected itemized deductions or your standard deduction from your expected AGI, reduce the amount remaining by $3,650 for each exemption you expect to take on your 2009 tax return. If another person (such as your parent) can claim an exemption for you on his or her tax return, you cannot claim your own personal exemption. This is true even if the other person will not claim your exemption or the exemption will be reduced or eliminated under the phaseout rule.

Reduction of personal exemption amount. For 2009, your deduction for personal exemptions is reduced if your AGI is larger than the AGI shown below for your filing status.

Single $166,800
Married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er) $250,200
Married filing separately $125,100
Head of household $208,500

If you expect your AGI to be more than that amount, use Worksheet 2-5 on page 39 to figure the amount to enter on line 4.

However, if in 2009 you housed individuals displaced by a Midwestern disaster, read the following section and complete Worksheet 2-6 on page 40 before entering an amount on line 4.

Taxpayers housing individuals displaced by a Midwestern disaster. You may be able to claim an additional exemption amount of $500 per person (up to $2,000) if you provided housing to a person who was displaced from his or her main home because of a Midwestern disaster and all of the following apply.
  • The person displaced lived in your main home for at least 60 consecutive days that ended in 2009.

  • You did not receive any rent or other amount from any source for providing the housing.

  • The main home of the person displaced was in a Midwestern disaster area on the applicable disaster date for that county.

  • The person displaced was not your spouse or dependent.

  • You did not claim an additional exemption amount in 2008 for the same individual.

  • You did not claim the maximum exemption amount of $2,000 in 2008.

Use Worksheet 2-6 on page 40 to figure the additional exemption amount. For more information, see Publication 4492-B.

Expected Taxes and Credits—Lines 6–13c

After you have figured your expected taxable income (line 5), follow the steps below to figure your expected taxes, credits, and total tax for 2009. Most people will have entries for only a few of these steps. However, you should check every step to be sure you do not overlook anything.

Step 1.   Figure your expected income tax (line 6). Generally, you will use the 2009 Tax Rate Schedules, found on page 40 or in the instructions to Form 1040-ES, to figure your expected income tax. However, see below for situations where you must use a different method to compute your estimated tax.

Tax on child's investment income.   You must use a special method to figure tax on the income of the following children who have more than $1,900 of investment income.
  1. Children under age 18 at the end of 2009.

  2. The following children if their earned income is not more than half their support.

    1. Children age 18 at the end of 2009.

    2. Children who are full-time students over age 18 and under age 24 at the end of 2009.

See Publication 929, Tax Rules for Children and Dependents. Although the ages and dollar amounts in the publication will be different in the 2009 revision, this reference will give you basic information for figuring the tax.

Tax on net capital gain.   The regular income tax rates for individuals do not apply to a net capital gain. Instead, your net capital gain is taxed at a lower maximum rate.

  The term “net capital gain” means the amount by which your net long-term capital gain for the year is more than your net short-term capital loss.

Tax on qualified dividends.   Generally, the maximum tax rate for qualified dividends is 15% (0% for people whose other income is taxed at the 10% or 15% rate).

Tax on capital gain and qualified dividends. If the amount on line 1 includes a net capital gain or qualified dividends, use Worksheet 2-7 on page 41 to figure your tax. Tax if excluding foreign earned income or excluding or deducting foreign housing. If you expect to claim the foreign earned income exclusion or the housing exclusion or deduction on Form 2555 or Form 2555-EZ, use Worksheet 2-8 on page 42 to figure your estimated tax.
Step 2.   Total your expected taxes (line 8). Include on line 8 the sum of:
  1. Your tax on line 6;

  2. Your expected alternative minimum tax (AMT) from Form 6251 (or included on Form 1040A, line 28) on line 7;

  3. Your expected additional taxes from Form 8814, Parents' Election To Report Child's Interest and Dividends, and Form 4972, Tax on Lump-Sum Distributions (line 44, boxes a and b, of the 2008 Form 1040); and

  4. Any recapture of education credits.

Step 3.   Subtract your expected credits (line 9). If you are using your 2008 return as a guide and filed Form 1040, your total credits for 2008 were shown on line 55. If you filed Form 1040A, your total credits for 2008 were on line 34.

  If your credits on line 9 are more than your taxes on line 8, enter “-0-” on line 10 and go to Step 4.

Step 4.   Add your expected self-employment tax (line 11). You already should have figured your self-employment tax (see Self-employed under Expected AGI—Line 1 on page 21).

Step 5.   Add your expected other taxes (line 12).

  Other taxes include:
  1. Additional tax on early distributions from:

    1. An IRA or other qualified retirement plan,

    2. A tax-sheltered annuity, or

    3. A modified endowment contract entered into after June 20, 1988;

  2. Advance earned income credit payments;

  3. Household employment taxes (before subtracting advance EIC payments made to your employee(s)) if:

    1. You will have federal income tax withheld from wages, pensions, annuities, gambling winnings, or other income, or

    2. You would be required to make estimated tax payments even if you did not include household employment taxes when figuring your estimated tax; and

  4. Amounts written in on Form 1040 on the line for “total tax” (line 61 on the 2008 Form 1040). But, do not include tax on recapture of a federal mortgage subsidy, tax on golden parachute payments, look-back interest due under section 167(g) or 460(b) of the Internal Revenue Code, excise tax on insider stock compensation from an expatriated corporation, or uncollected employee social security, Medicare, or RRTA tax on tips or group-term life insurance.

  5. Repayment of the first-time homebuyer credit if the home will cease to be your main home in 2009. See Form 5405 for exceptions.

  If you filed a 2008 Form 1040A, your only other tax was any advance earned income credit payments on line 36.

Step 6.   Subtract your refundable credits (line 13b). These include your expected earned income credit, additional child tax credit, Form 4136 fuel tax credit, Form 5405 first-time homebuyer credit, Form 8801 (line 30) refundable credit for prior year minimum tax, Form 8885 health coverage tax credit, Making Work Pay credit (see Worksheet 2-9 on page 43), and Form 8863 refundable Hope education credit. These are shown on the 2008 Form 1040, lines 64a, 66, 68b, 68c, 68d, and 69, if they were 2008 refundable credits.

  To figure your expected fuel tax credit, do not include fuel tax for the first three quarters of the year that you expect to have refunded to you.

  The earned income credit is shown on the 2008 Form 1040A, line 40a, and the additional child tax credit is shown on line 41.

  The result of steps 1 through 6 is your total estimated tax for 2009 (line 13c).

Required Annual Payment— Line 14c

On lines 14a through 14c, figure the total amount you must pay for 2009, through withholding and estimated tax payments, to avoid paying a penalty.

General rule.   The total amount you must pay is the smaller of:
  1. 90% of your total expected tax for 2009, or

  2. 100% of the total tax shown on your 2008 return. Your 2008 tax return must cover all 12 months.

Special rules.   There are special rules for certain small businesses and higher income taxpayers and for farmers and fishermen.

Small businesses.   If more than 50% of your gross income from 2008 was income from a small business and your AGI in 2008 was less than $500,000 ($250,000 if you are married filing separate returns in 2009), substitute 90% for 100% in (2) above. Your business is a small business if it had an average of fewer than 500 employees in 2008.

Higher income taxpayers.   If your AGI for 2008 was more than $150,000 ($75,000 if your filing status for 2009 is married filing separately), substitute 110% for 100% in (2) above. This rule does not apply to farmers and fishermen.

For 2008, AGI is the amount shown on Form 1040, line 37; Form 1040A, line 21; and Form 1040EZ, line 4.

Example.   Jeremy Martin's total tax on his 2008 return was $42,581, and his expected tax for 2009 is $71,253. His 2008 AGI was $180,000. Because Jeremy had more than $150,000 of AGI in 2008, he figures his required annual payment as follows. He determines that 90% of his expected tax for 2009 is $64,128 (.90 × $71,253). Next, he determines that 110% of the tax shown on his 2008 return is $46,839 (1.10 x $42,581). Finally, he determines that his required annual payment is $46,839, the smaller of the two.

Farmers and fishermen.   If at least two-thirds of your gross income for 2008 or 2009 is from farming or fishing, your required annual payment is the smaller of:
  1. 66% (.6667) of your total tax for 2009, or

  2. 100% of the total tax shown on your 2008 return. (Your 2008 tax return must cover all 12 months.)

  For definitions of “gross income from farming” and “gross income from fishing,” see Farmers and Fishermen, under Special Rules beginning on page 20.

Total tax for 2008—line 14b.   Your 2008 total tax on Form 1040 is the amount on line 61 reduced by the following.
  1. The amounts on lines 58, 64a, 66, and 69.

  2. The following amounts from Form 5329 included on line 59.

    1. Any tax on excess contributions to IRAs, Archer MSAs, Coverdell education savings accounts, and health savings accounts.

    2. Any tax on excess accumulations in qualified retirement plans.

  3. The following amounts included on line 61.

    1. Recapture of a federal mortgage subsidy.

    2. Tax on golden parachute payments.

    3. Look-back interest due under section 167(g) or 460(b) of the Internal Revenue Code.

    4. Excise tax on insider stock compensation from an expatriated corporation.

    5. Uncollected employee social security, Medicare, or railroad retirement tax on tips or group-term life insurance.

  4. Any credit from Form 4136, Form 8801, or Form 8885 included on line 68.

  On the 2008 Form 1040A, it is the amount on line 37 reduced by the amount on lines 40a and 41. On the 2008 Form 1040EZ, it is the amount on line 11 reduced by the amount on line 8a.

Total Estimated Tax Payments Needed—Line 16a

Use lines 15 and 16a to figure the total estimated tax you must pay for 2009. Subtract your expected withholding from your required annual payment (line 14c). You usually must pay this difference in four equal installments. See When To Pay Estimated Tax on this page and How To Figure Each Payment on page 25.

You do not have to pay estimated tax if:

  • Line 14c minus line 15 is zero or less, or

  • Line 13c minus line 15 is less than $1,000.

Withholding—line 15.   Your expected withholding for 2009 (line 15) includes the income tax you expect to be withheld from all sources (wages, pensions and annuities, etc.). It also includes excess social security and railroad retirement tax you expect to be withheld from your wages.

  For this purpose, you will have excess social security or tier 1 railroad retirement tax withholding for 2009 only if your wages from two or more employers are more than $106,800. See Excess Social Security or Railroad Retirement Tax Withholding in chapter 3.

When To Pay Estimated Tax

For estimated tax purposes, the year is divided into four payment periods. Each period has a specific payment due date. If you do not pay enough tax by the due date of each of the payment periods, you may be charged a penalty even if you are due a refund when you file your income tax return. The payment periods and due dates for estimated tax payments are shown next.

For the period: Due date:
Jan. 11 – March 31 April 15
April 1 – May 31 June 15
June 1 – August 31 September 15
Sept. 1 – Dec. 31 January 15
next year2

1If your tax year does not begin on January 1,
see Fiscal year taxpayers below.
2See January payment below.

Saturday, Sunday, holiday rule.   If the due date for an estimated tax payment falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, the payment will be on time if you make it on the next business day.

January payment.   If you file your 2009 Form 1040 or Form 1040A by February 1, 2010, and pay the rest of the tax you owe, you do not need to make the payment due on January 15, 2010.

Example.

Janet Adams does not pay any estimated tax for 2009. She files her 2009 income tax return and pays the balance due shown on her return on January 26, 2010.

Janet's estimated tax for the fourth payment period is considered to have been paid on time. However, she may owe a penalty for not making the first three estimated tax payments. Any penalty for not making those payments will be figured up to January 26, 2010.

Fiscal year taxpayers.   If your tax year does not start on January 1, your payment due dates are:
  1. The 15th day of the 4th month of your fiscal year,

  2. The 15th day of the 6th month of your fiscal year,

  3. The 15th day of the 9th month of your fiscal year, and

  4. The 15th day of the 1st month after the end of your fiscal year.

  You do not have to make the last payment listed above if you file your income tax return by the last day of the first month after the end of your fiscal year and pay all the tax you owe with your return.

When To Start

You do not have to make estimated tax payments until you have income on which you will owe the tax. If you have income subject to estimated tax during the first payment period, you must make your first payment by the due date for the first payment period. You can pay all your estimated tax at that time, or you can pay it in installments. If you choose to pay in installments, make your first payment by the due date for the first payment period. Make your remaining installment payments by the due dates for the later periods.

No income subject to estimated tax during first period.   If you do not have income subject to estimated tax until a later payment period, you must make your first payment by the due date for that period. You can pay your entire estimated tax by the due date for that period or you can pay it in installments by the due date for that period and the due dates for the remaining periods. Table 2-1 below shows the dates for making installment payments.

Table 2-1.Due Dates for Estimated Tax Installment Payments

If you first have income on which you must pay estimated tax: Make a
payment
by:*
Make later
installments
by:*
Before April 1 April 15 June 15
    Sept. 15
    Jan. 15 next year
April 1–May 31 June 15 Sept. 15
    Jan. 15 next year
June 1–Aug. 31 Sept. 15 Jan. 15 next year
After Aug. 31 Jan. 15
next year
(None)
*See January payment and Saturday, Sunday, holiday rule on this page.

How much to pay to avoid penalty.   To determine how much you should pay by each payment due date, see How To Figure Each Payment on page 25.

Farmers and Fishermen

If at least two-thirds of your gross income for 2008 or 2009 is from farming or fishing, you have only one payment due date for your 2009 estimated tax, January 15, 2010. The due dates for the first three payment periods, discussed under When To Pay Estimated Tax on this page, do not apply to you.

If you file your 2009 Form 1040 by March 1, 2010, and pay all the tax you owe, you do not need to make an estimated tax payment.

Fiscal year farmers and fishermen.   If you are a farmer or fisherman, but your tax year does not start on January 1, you can either:
  • Pay all your estimated tax by the 15th day after the end of your tax year, or

  • File your return and pay all the tax you owe by the 1st day of the 3rd month after the end of your tax year.

How To Figure Each Payment

After you have figured your total estimated tax, figure how much you must pay by the due date of each payment period. You should pay enough by each due date to avoid a penalty for that period. If you do not pay enough during any payment period, you may be charged a penalty even if you are due a refund when you file your tax return. The penalty is discussed in chapter 4.

Regular Installment Method

If your first estimated tax payment is due April 15, 2009, you can figure your required payment for each period by dividing your annual estimated tax due (line 16a of the 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet) by 4. Enter this amount on line 17. However, use this method only if your income is basically the same throughout the year.

Household employers.   Reduce your required payment for each period by the amount of advance EIC payments you paid during the period.

Change in estimated tax.   After you make an estimated tax payment, changes in your income, adjustments, deductions, credits, or exemptions may make it necessary for you to refigure your estimated tax. Pay the unpaid balance of your amended estimated tax by the next payment due date after the change or in installments by that date and the due dates for the remaining payment periods.

If you do not receive your income evenly throughout the year, your required estimated tax payments may not be the same for each period. See Annualized Income Installment Method on this page.

Amended estimated tax. If you refigure your estimated tax during the year, or if your first estimated tax payment is due after April 15, 2009, figure your required payment for each remaining payment period using Worksheet 2-16 on page 48.

Example.

Early in 2009, Mira Roberts figures that her estimated tax due is $1,800. She makes estimated tax payments on April 15 and June 15 of $450 each ($1,800 ÷ 4).

On July 10, she sells investment property at a gain. Her refigured estimated tax is $4,100. Her required estimated tax payment for the third payment period is $2,175, as shown in her filled-in Worksheet 2-16 on this page.

If Mira's estimated tax does not change again, her required estimated tax payment for the fourth payment period will be $1,025.

Worksheet 2-16.Amended Estimated Tax Worksheet—Illustrated

             
1. Amended total estimated tax due 1. $4,100
2. Multiply line 1 by:        
  50% (.50) if next payment is due June 15, 2009        
  75% (.75) if next payment is due September 15, 2009        
  100% (1.00) if next payment is due January 15, 2010 2. 3,075    
3. Estimated tax payments for all previous periods 3. 900    
4. Next required payment: Subtract line 3 from line 2 and enter the result (but not less than zero) here and on your payment voucher for your next required payment 4. $2,175    
  Note.If the payment on line 4 is due January 15, 2010, stop here. Otherwise, go to line 5.        
5. Add lines 3 and 4 5. 3,075
6. Subtract line 5 from line 1 and enter the result (but not less than zero) 6. 1,025
7. Each following required payment: If the payment on line 4 is due June 15, 2009, enter one-half of the amount on line 6 here and on the payment vouchers for your payments due September 15, 2009, and January 15, 2010. If the amount on line 4 is due September 15, 2009, enter the full amount on line 6 here and on the payment voucher for your payment due January 15, 2010 7. $1,025

Underpayment penalty.   If your estimated tax payment for a previous period is less than one-fourth of your amended estimated tax, you may be charged a penalty for underpayment of estimated tax for that period when you file your tax return. See chapter 4 for more information.

Annualized Income Installment Method

If you do not receive your income evenly throughout the year (for example, your income from a repair shop you operate is much larger in the summer than it is during the rest of the year), your required estimated tax payment for one or more periods may be less than the amount figured using the regular installment method.

The annualized income installment method annualizes your tax at the end of each period based on a reasonable estimate of your income, deductions, and other items relating to events that occurred from the beginning of the tax year through the end of the period. To see whether you can pay less for any period, complete the 2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10) beginning on page 44.

You first must complete the 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet through line 16b. (See page 35 for a blank worksheet.)

Use the result you figure on line 28 of the 2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet to make your estimated tax payments and complete your payment vouchers.

See Example 2, beginning on page 30, to see how the worksheet is completed.

Note.

If you use the annualized income installment method to figure your estimated tax payments, you must file Form 2210 with your 2009 tax return. See Annualized Income Installment Method (Schedule AI) in chapter 4 for more information.

Instructions for the 2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10)

Use Figure 2-C beginning on page 27 to help you follow these instructions. Another worksheet is available for your use on pages 44 and 45.

The purpose of this worksheet is to determine your estimated tax liability as your income accumulates throughout the year, rather than dividing your entire year's estimated tax liability by four as if your income was earned equally throughout the year. The top of the worksheet (see page 27) shows the dates for each payment period. The periods build; that is, each period includes all previous periods. After the end of each payment period, complete the corresponding worksheet column to figure the payment due for that period.

This image is too large to be displayed in the current screen. Please click the link to view the image.

Figure 2-C. Worksheet for Annualized Income Installment Method, Section A.

This image is too large to be displayed in the current screen. Please click the link to view the image.

Figure 2-C. Worksheet for Annualized Income Installment Method, Section B.

Line 1.   Enter your AGI for the period. This is your gross income, including your share of partnership or S corporation income or loss, for the period, minus your adjustments to income for that period. See Expected AGI—Line 1 on page 21.

Self-employment income.   If you had self-employment income, first complete Section B of this worksheet. Use the amounts on line 39 when figuring the AGI to enter in each column of Section A, line 1.

Line 4.   Be sure to consider all deduction limits figured on Schedule A (Form 1040), such as reducing your medical expenses by 7.5% of your AGI, or reducing certain miscellaneous deductions by 2% of your AGI. Figure your deduction limits using your expected AGI in the corresponding column of line 1 (2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10)).

Line 6.   Multiply line 4 by line 5 and enter the result on line 6, unless line 3 is more than $166,800 ($83,400 if married filing separately). In that case, use Worksheet 2-11 on page 45 to figure the amount to enter on line 6. Complete Worksheet 2-11 for each period, as necessary.

Line 7.   If you will not itemize your deductions, use Worksheet 2-3 (see page 38) to figure your standard deduction.

Line 10.   Multiply $3,650 by your total expected exemptions and enter the result on line 10, unless line 3 is more than the amount shown below for your filing status.
Single $166,800
Married filing jointly or
qualifying widow(er)
$250,200
Married filing separately $125,100
Head of household $208,500

  In that case, use Worksheet 2-12 on page 46 to figure the amount to enter on line 10. However, if in 2009 you provide housing to individuals displaced by a Midwestern disaster, see Taxpayers housing individuals displaced by a Midwestern disaster on page 22. Then complete Worksheet 2-6 on page 40 before entering an amount on line 10 of your 2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10).

Line 12.   Generally, you will use the 2009 Tax Rate Schedules on page 40 or in the instructions to Form 1040-ES to figure the tax on your annualized income. However, see below for situations where you must use a different method to compute your estimated tax.

Tax on child's investment income.   You must use a special method to figure tax on the income of the following children who have more than $1,900 of investment income.
  1. Children under age 18 at the end of 2009.

  2. The following children if their earned income is not more than half their support.

    1. Children age 18 at the end of 2009.

    2. Children who are full-time students over age 18 and under age 24 at the end of 2009.

   See Publication 929.

Tax on net capital gain.   The regular income tax rates for individuals do not apply to a net capital gain. Instead, your net capital gain is taxed at a lower maximum rate.

  The term “net capital gain” means the amount by which your net long-term capital gain for the year is more than your net short-term capital loss.

Tax on qualified dividends.   Generally, the maximum tax rate for qualified dividends is 15% (0% for people whose other income is taxed at the 10% or 15% rate).

Tax on capital gain and qualified dividends. If the amount on line 1 includes a net capital gain or qualified dividends, use Worksheet 2-13 on page 47 to figure the amount to enter on line 12. Tax if excluding foreign earned income or excluding or deducting foreign housing. If you expect to claim the foreign earned income exclusion or the housing exclusion or deduction on Form 2555 or Form 2555-EZ, use Worksheet 2-14 on page 48 to figure the amount to enter on line 12.
Line 13.   Enter your self-employment tax for the period from Section B, line 37.

Line 14.   Add your expected other taxes.

  Other taxes include:
  1. Additional tax on early distributions from:

    1. An IRA or other qualified retirement plan,

    2. A tax-sheltered annuity, or

    3. A modified endowment contract entered into after June 20, 1988;

  2. Advance earned income credit payments;

  3. Household employment taxes (before subtracting advance EIC payments made to your employee(s)) if:

    1. You will have federal income tax withheld from wages, pensions, annuities, gambling winnings, or other income, or

    2. You would be required to make estimated tax payments even if you did not include household employment taxes when figuring your estimated tax; and

  4. Amounts written in on Form 1040 on the line for “total tax” (line 61 on the 2008 Form 1040). But do not include tax on recapture of a federal mortgage subsidy, tax on golden parachute payments, look-back interest due under section 167(g) or 460(b) of the Internal Revenue Code, excise tax on insider stock compensation from an expatriated corporation, or uncollected employee social security, Medicare, or RRTA tax on tips or group-term life insurance.

  5. Repayment of the first-time homebuyer credit if the home will cease to be your main home in 2009. See Form 5405 for exceptions.

  6. Tax from Form 4972.

  7. Tax from Form 8814.

  8. Tax from recapture of an education credit.

  9. Use Form 6251 to see if you also owe the alternative minimum tax (AMT). Figure alternative minimum taxable income based on your income and deductions during the period shown in the column headings. Multiply this amount by the annualization amounts shown for each column on line 2 of the 2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10). Include any AMT owed in the amount on line 14 of this worksheet.

Line 16.   Include all the credits (other than withholding credits) you can claim because of events that occurred during the period. If you are using your 2008 return as a guide and filed Form 1040, your 2008 credits included the total credits on line 55, and the credits shown on lines 64a, 66, 68 (boxes b, c, and d), and 69. If you filed Form 1040A, your 2008 credits included the credits on lines 34, 40a, and 41.

  Increase your credits for the Making Work Pay credit. Use Worksheet 2-15 on page 49 to figure this credit.

Line 25.   If line 24 is smaller than line 21 and you are not certain of the estimate of your 2009 tax, you can avoid a penalty by entering the amount from line 21 on line 25.

Line 27.   For each period, include estimated tax payments made and any excess social security and railroad retirement tax.

  Also include estimated federal income tax withholding. One-fourth of your estimated withholding is considered withheld on the due date of each payment period. To figure the amount to include on line 27 for each period, multiply your total expected withholding for 2009 by:
  • 25% (.25) for the first period,

  • 50% (.50) for the second period,

  • 75% (.75) for the third period, and

  • 100% (1.00) for the fourth period.

  However, you may choose to include your withholding according to the actual dates on which the amounts will be withheld. For each period, include withholding made from the beginning of the period up to and including the payment due date. You can make this choice separately for the taxes withheld from your wages and all other withholding. For an explanation of what to include in withholding, see Total Estimated Tax Payments Needed—Line 16a on page 24.

Nonresident aliens.   If you will file Form 1040NR and you do not receive wages as an employee subject to U.S. income tax withholding, the instructions for the worksheet are modified as follows.
  1. Skip column (a).

  2. On line 1, enter your income for the period that is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business.

  3. On line 17, increase your entry by the amount determined by multiplying your income for the period that is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business by the following.

    1. 72% for column (b).

    2. 45% for column (c).

    3. 30% for column (d).

    However, if you can use a treaty rate lower than 30%, use the percentages determined by multiplying your treaty rate by 2.4, 1.5, and 1, respectively.

  4. On line 22, enter one-half of the amount from line 16c of the Form 1040-ES (NR) 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet in column (b), and one-fourth in columns (c) and (d).

  5. On lines 20 and 23, skip column (b).

  6. On line 27, if you do not use the actual withholding method, include one-half of your total expected withholding in column (b) and one-fourth in columns (c) and (d).

See Publication 519 for more information.

Estimated Tax Payments Not Required

You do not have to pay estimated tax if your withholding in each payment period is at least as much as:

  • One-fourth of your required annual payment, or

  • Your required annualized income installment for that period.

You also do not have to pay estimated tax if you will pay enough through withholding to keep the amount you will owe with your return under $1,000.

How To Pay Estimated Tax

There are five ways to pay estimated tax.

  • Credit an overpayment on your 2008 return to your 2009 estimated tax.

  • Send in your payment (check or money order) with a payment voucher from Form 1040-ES.

  • Pay electronically using the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS).

  • Pay by electronic funds withdrawal if you are filing Form 1040 or Form 1040A electronically.

  • Pay by credit card using a pay-by-phone system or the Internet.

Credit an Overpayment

If you show an overpayment of tax after completing your Form 1040 or Form 1040A for 2008, you can apply part or all of it to your estimated tax for 2009. On line 74 of Form 1040, or line 46 of Form 1040A, enter the amount you want credited to your estimated tax rather than refunded. Take the amount you have credited into account when figuring your estimated tax payments. If you timely file your 2008 return, treat the credit as a payment made on April 15, 2009.

If you are a beneficiary of an estate or trust, and the trustee elects to credit 2009 trust payments of estimated tax to you, you can treat the amount credited as paid by you on January 15, 2010.

If you choose to have an overpayment of tax credited to your estimated tax, you cannot have any of that amount refunded to you until you file your tax return for the following year. You also cannot use that overpayment in any other way.

Example.

When Kathleen finished filling out her 2008 tax return, she saw that she had overpaid her taxes by $750. Kathleen knew she would owe additional tax in 2009. She credited $600 of the overpayment to her 2009 estimated tax and had the remaining $150 refunded to her.

In September, she amended her 2008 return by filing Form 1040X, Amended U.S. Individual Income Tax Return. It turned out that she owed $250 more in tax than she had thought. This reduced her 2008 overpayment from $750 to $500. Because the $750 had already been applied to her 2009 estimated tax or refunded to her, the IRS billed her for the additional $250 she owed, plus penalties and interest. Kathleen could not use any of the $600 she had credited to her 2009 estimated tax to pay this bill.

Pay by Check or Money Order Using the Estimated Tax Payment Voucher

Each payment of estimated tax by check or money order must be accompanied by a payment voucher from Form 1040-ES. If you made estimated tax payments last year, you should receive a copy of the 2009 Form 1040-ES in the mail unless you used a paid tax preparer. It will have payment vouchers preprinted with your name, address, and social security number. Using the preprinted vouchers will speed processing, reduce the chance of error, and help save processing costs.

If you did not pay estimated tax last year, you will have to get a copy of Form 1040-ES from the IRS (see chapter 5). Follow the instructions in the package to make sure you use the vouchers correctly.

Use the window envelopes that came with your Form 1040-ES package. If you use your own envelopes, make sure you mail your payment vouchers to the address shown in the Form 1040-ES instructions for the place where you live.

Do not use the address shown in the Form 1040 or Form 1040A instructions.

If you file a joint return and are making joint estimated tax payments, enter the names and social security numbers on the payment voucher in the same order as they will appear on the joint return.

Change of address.   You must notify the IRS if you are making estimated tax payments and you changed your address during the year. Send a clear and concise written statement to the Internal Revenue Service Center where you filed your last return and provide all of the following information.
  • Your full name (and your spouse's full name).

  • Your signature (and spouse's signature).

  • Your old address (and spouse's old address if different).

  • Your new address.

  • Your social security number (and spouse's social security number).

You can use Form 8822, Change of Address, for this purpose.

Pay by Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS)

EFTPS is a free tax payment system where you input your tax payment information electronically, online or by phone. Through EFTPS, you can schedule one-time or recurring payments for withdrawal from your checking or savings account up to 365 days in advance. You also can modify or cancel payments up to 2 business days before the scheduled withdrawal date. To use EFTPS, you must enroll. Enroll online at www.eftps.gov or call 1-800-555-4477 (for business accounts) or 1-800-316-6541 (for individual accounts) to receive an enrollment form and instructions by mail. TTY/TDD help is available by calling 1-800-733-4829. Call 1-800-244-4829 for Spanish.

Pay by Electronic Funds Withdrawal (EFW)

If you electronically file your 2008 tax return, you can use EFW to make up to four (4) 2009 estimated tax payments. This is a free option. The payments can be withdrawn from either a checking or savings account. At the same time you file your return, you can schedule estimated tax payments for any or all of the following dates: April 15, 2009, June 15, 2009, September 15, 2009, and January 15, 2010.

Check with your tax return preparer or tax preparation software for details. Your scheduled payments will be acknowledged when you file your tax return.

Payments scheduled through EFW can be cancelled up to 8 p.m. Eastern time, 2 business days before the scheduled payment date, by contacting the U.S. Treasury Financial Agent at 1-888-353-4537.

Pay by Credit Card

You can use your American Express® Card, Discover® Card, MasterCard® card, or Visa® card to make estimated tax payments. Call toll-free or visit the website of either service provider listed below and follow the instructions. A convenience fee will be charged by the service provider based on the amount you are paying. Fees may vary between providers. You will be told what the fee is during the transaction and you will have the option to either continue or cancel the transaction. You also can find out what the fee will be by calling the provider's toll-free automated customer service number or visiting the provider's website shown below.

Official Payments Corporation
1-800-2PAY-TAXSM (1-800-272-9829)
1-877-754-4413 (Customer Service)
www.officialpayments.com


Link2Gov Corporation
1-888-PAY-1040SM (1-888-729-1040)
1-888-658-5465 (Customer Service)
www.PAY1040.com

Illustrated Examples

The following examples show how to figure estimated tax payments under the regular installment method and under the annualized income installment method.

Example 1—Regular Installment Method

Early in 2009, Anne and Larry Jones figure their estimated tax payments for the year. They expect to receive the following income during 2009.

Larry's salary $39,900
State tax refund (they itemized deductions in 2008) 600
Anne's net profit from self-employment 40,100
Net rental income 2,784
Interest income 6,205
Total $89,589
   

They also use the following expected items to figure their estimated tax.

Adjustment to income for IRA contributions $ 1,000
Itemized deductions 11,825
Deduction for exemptions ($3,650 × 2) 7,300
2008 total tax 14,347
Making Work Pay credit 800
Withholding 3,372

The Joneses plan to file a joint return. They use the 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet included in Form 1040-ES to figure their estimated tax payments. See their filled-in worksheet (Figure 2-D) on page 31.

Expected AGI.   Anne can claim an income tax deduction for one-half of her self-employment tax as a business expense. So before the Joneses figure their expected AGI, they figure Anne's expected self-employment tax. See their filled-in Worksheet 2-2 on this page.

Worksheet 2-2. 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet—Lines 1 and 11 Expected Self-Employment Tax and Deduction —Illustrated (Anne Jones)

1. a. Enter your expected income and profits subject to self-employment tax* 1a. $40,100    
  b. If you will have farm income and also receive social security retirement or disability benefits, enter your expected Conservation Reserve Program payments that will be included on Schedule F (Form 1040) or listed on Schedule K-1 (Form 1065) 1b.      
2.   Subtract line 1b from line 1a 2. 40,100    
3.   Multiply line 2 by 92.35% (.9235) 3. 37,032    
4.   Multiply line 3 by 2.9% (.029) 4. 1,074
5.   Social security tax maximum income 5. $106,800    
6.   Enter your expected wages (if subject to social security tax or the 6.2% portion of tier 1 railroad retirement tax) 6. -0-    
7.   Subtract line 6 from line 5 7. 106,800    
    Note.If line 7 is zero or less, enter -0- on line 9 and skip to line 10.        
8.   Enter the smaller of line 3 or line 7 8. 37,032    
9.   Multiply line 8 by 12.4% (.124) 9. 4,592
10.   Add line 4 and line 9. Enter the result here and on line 11 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet (or line 13 of the Annualized ES Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10)) 10. $5,666
11.   Multiply line 10 by 50% (.50). This is your expected deduction for one-half of your self-employment tax. Subtract this amount when figuring your expected AGI on line 1 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet (or Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10)) 11. $2,833    
*Your net profit from self-employment is found on Schedule C, line 31; Schedule C-EZ, line 3; Schedule F, line 36; Schedule K-1 (Form 1065), box 14, code A; and Schedule K-1 (Form 1065-B), box 9, code J1.

  On line 11 of their 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet, the Joneses enter $37,032 on the dotted line and $5,666 in the blank. They subtract one-half of that amount, $2,833, and their $1,000 adjustment for IRA contributions from their $89,589 total income to find their expected AGI, $85,756. They enter that amount on line 1 of the worksheet.

Expected taxable income.   The Joneses figure their standard deduction, $11,400, in Worksheet 2-3. They cannot increase their standard deduction for the other allowed expenses. This is smaller than their expected itemized deductions, so they enter $11,825 on line 2 of the worksheet. They subtract the amount on line 2 from the amount on line 1 and enter the result, $73,931, on line 3. They enter their deduction for exemptions, $7,300, on line 4. After subtracting this amount, their expected taxable income on line 5 is $66,631.

Expected taxes and credits.   The Joneses use the 2009 Tax Rate Schedule Y-1 on page 40 to figure their expected income tax, and enter $9,160 on line 6 of the worksheet. They do not expect to owe any other taxes that would be entered on lines 7 or 12. They use Worksheet 2-9 on page 43 to figure their Making Work Pay credit of $800. They do not have any other credits that would be entered on lines 9 or 13b, so they leave line 9 blank and enter $800 on line13b.

  The Joneses' total estimated tax on line 13c, after adding Anne's self-employment tax from line 11, is $14,026 ($14,826 – $800).

Estimated tax.   The Joneses multiply their total estimated tax by 90% and enter $12,623 on line 14a of the worksheet. They enter their 2008 tax on line 14b. Their required annual payment on line 14c is the smaller amount, $12,623.

  They enter Larry's expected withholding, $3,372, on line 15 and subtract it from their required annual payment. Their estimated tax on line 16a is $9,251.

  They are required to pay estimated tax because their estimated withholding (line 15) is:
  • Less than their “required annual payment to avoid a penalty” (line 14c), and

  • Not within $1,000 of their “total 2009 estimated tax” (line 13c).

Required estimated tax payment.   The Joneses must pay their first estimated tax payment by April 15, 2009. They enter one-fourth of their estimated tax (line 16a), $2,313, on line 17 of the worksheet and on their Form 1040-ES payment voucher that shows “Due April 15, 2009.” They mail the voucher with their payment to the address shown for their area in the Form 1040-ES instructions and record the payment on the Record of Estimated Tax Payments in the instructions.

  If their estimated tax does not change during the year, the Joneses also will pay $2,313 estimated tax by June 15 and September 15, 2009, and January 15, 2010.

Example 2—Annualized Income Installment Method

The facts are the same as in Example 1—Regular Installment Method, except that the Joneses do not expect to receive their income evenly throughout the year. Anne expects to receive the largest portion of her self-employment income during the last few months of the year, and the Joneses' rental income is from a vacation home rented only in the summer months.

After completing their 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet, the Joneses decide to use the annualized income installment method to see if they can pay less than $2,313 estimated tax for one or more payment periods. They complete the 2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10) in this chapter. See their filled-in worksheet (Figure 2-E) on pages 32 and 33.

First Period

On April 1, 2009, the Joneses complete the first column of the worksheet for the period January 1 through March 31. They had the following income for the period.

Larry's salary $9,975
State tax refund 600
Anne's net profit from self-employment 3,000
Net rental income -0-
Interest income 990
Total $14,565
   

They also take into account the following items for the period.

Adjustment to income for IRA contributions $ 150
Itemized deductions 1,375
Making Work Pay credit 800
Withholding 843

Annualized AGI.   Before the Joneses figure their AGI for the period, they first figure Anne's self-employment tax in Section B, and then her adjustment to income for self-employment tax.

  On line 29 of Section B, they enter $2,771, which is Anne's net profit from self-employment for the period ($3,000 x .9235). The prorated social security tax limit is preprinted on line 30. She has no social security wages, so they enter zero on line 31, and $26,700 on line 32. Anne's annualized social security tax on line 34 is $1,374 ($2,771 × .496). Her annualized Medicare tax on line 36 is $321 ($2,771 × .116). Her total annualized self-employment tax on line 37 is $1,695. They enter that amount on line 13 of Section A.

  The Joneses figure their adjustment to income for Anne's self-employment tax on lines 38 and 39 (Section B). That amount is $212 ($1,695 ÷ 8). They subtract that amount and their $150 IRA contributions from their $14,565 total income and enter their AGI for the period, $14,203, on line 1 of Section A. They multiply that amount by 4 and enter their annualized AGI, $56,812, on line 3.

Annualized taxable income.   The Joneses figure their annualized itemized deductions ($1,375 × 4) on lines 4 through 6 of Section A. Because the result is smaller than their standard deduction, they enter their $11,400 standard deduction on line 8. After subtracting that amount and their $7,300 deduction for exemptions, the Joneses' annualized taxable income on line 11 is $38,112.

Annualized taxes and credits.   The Joneses use the 2009 Tax Rate Schedule Y-1 on page 40 to figure their annualized income tax, $4,882, which they enter on line 12 of Section A.

  They have no other taxes for the period that would be entered on line 14, so they leave that line blank and enter $6,577 ($4,882 + $1,695) on line 15.

  They use Worksheet 2-15 on page 49 to figure their Making Work Pay credit of $800. They have no other credits for the period that would be entered on line 16, so they enter $800 on line 16. After subtracting their Making Work Pay credit from their total tax, the Joneses' 2009 estimated tax for the period is $5,777 ($6,577 – $800). They enter $5,777 on line 17.

Required estimated tax payment.   The Joneses' annualized income installment on lines 19 and 21 of Section A is $1,300 ($5,777 × 22.5%). On lines 22 and 24 they enter $3,156, one-fourth of their $12,623 required annual payment (line 14c of their 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet). Because $1,300 is smaller, they enter that amount on lines 25 and 26.

  Larry's total expected withholding for the year is $3,372. The Joneses can treat one-fourth of that amount, $843, as paid on April 15, or they can use Larry's actual withholding for the period. The Joneses enter $843 on line 27.

  On line 28, the Joneses' required estimated tax payment for the period under the annualized income installment method is $457 ($1,300 − $843). They will send in an estimated tax payment of $457 for the first period.

Second, Third, and Fourth Periods

After the end of each remaining payment period, the Joneses complete the column of the worksheet for that period (from the beginning of the year through the end of that payment period) in the same way they did for the first period. They had the following income for each period.

  Second
Period
Third
Period
Fourth
Period
  Jan. 1-
May 31
Jan. 1-
Aug. 31
Jan. 1-
Dec. 31
Larry's salary $16,625 $26,600 $39,900
State tax refund 600 600 600
Anne's net profit from self-employment 6,000 16,000 40,100
Net rental income 696 2,784 2,784
Interest income 1,575 3,250 6,205
Total $25,496 $49,234 $89,589
       

They also take into account the following items for each period.

  Second
Period
Third
Period
Fourth
Period
  Jan. 1-
May 31
Jan. 1-
Aug. 31
Jan. 1-
Dec. 31
Adjustment to income for IRA contributions $ 250 $ 400 $1,000
Itemized deductions 3,120 7,250 11,825
Making Work Pay credit 800 800 800
Withholding 843 843 843

For the second period, as for the first, the annualized income installment method allows the Joneses to pay less than their required payment under the regular installment method of figuring estimated tax payments. They make up the difference in the third and fourth periods when their income is higher.

Because the Joneses are using the annualized income installment method, they must file Form 2210 with their tax return for 2009.

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Figure 2-D. Illustrated Example 1--Regular Installment Method (Anne and Larry Jones)

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Figure 2-E. Illustrated Example 2-Annualized Income Installment Method, Section A (Anne and Larry Jones)

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Figure 2-E. Illustrated Example 2-Annualized Income Installment Method, Section B (Anne and Larry Jones)

Worksheets for Chapter 2

Table 2-2.Where To Find Worksheets Use the following worksheets and tables to figure your correct estimated tax.

IF you need... THEN use... ON page...
the 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet (ES Worksheet)   22, 35
to estimate your taxable social security and railroad retirement benefits—line 1 of ES Worksheet (or Annualized ES Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10)) Worksheet 2-1 36
to estimate your self-employment (SE) tax and your deduction for one-half of your SE tax—lines 1 and 11 of ES Worksheet (lines 1 and 13 of Annualized ES Worksheet (Worksheeet 2-10)) Worksheet 2-2 37
to estimate your standard deduction—line 2 of ES Worksheet (line 7 of Annualized ES Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10)) Worksheet 2-3 38
to reduce your itemized deductions because your estimated AGI is more than $166,800 ($83,400 if married filing separately)—line 2 of ES Worksheet Worksheet 2-4 39
to reduce your exemption amount because your estimated AGI is more than $125,100— line 4 of ES Worksheet Worksheet 2-5 39
to estimate your additional exemption amount if you house individuals displaced by a Midwestern disaster—line 4 of ES Worksheet (line 10 of Annualized ES Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10)) Worksheet 2-6 40
to estimate your income tax if line 1 of your ES Worksheet includes a net capital gain or qualified dividends—line 6 of ES Worksheet Worksheet 2-7 41
to estimate your income tax if you expect to claim a foreign earned income exclusion or foreign housing exclusion or deduction on Form 2555 or Form 2555-EZ—line 6 of ES Worksheet Worksheet 2-8 42
to estimate your Making Work Pay credit—line 13b of ES Worksheet Worksheet 2-9 43
the 2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet (Annualized ES Worksheet) Worksheet 2-10 44–45
to reduce your itemized deductions because your estimated annualized AGI is more than $166,800 ($83,400 if married filing separately)—line 6 of Annualized ES Worksheet Worksheet 2-11 45
to reduce your exemption amount because your estimated annualized AGI is more than $125,100—line 10 of Annualized ES Worksheet Worksheet 2-12 46
to estimate your income tax if line 1 of your Annualized ES Worksheet includes a net capital gain or qualified dividends—line 12 of Annualized ES Worksheet Worksheet 2-13 47
to estimate your income tax if you expect to claim a foreign earned income exclusion or foreign housing exclusion or deduction on Form 2555 or Form 2555-EZ—line 12 of Annualized ES Worksheet Worksheet 2-14 48
to estimate your Making Work Pay credit—line 16 of Annualized ES Worksheet Worksheet 2-15 49
to refigure (amend) your estimated tax during the year Worksheet 2-16 48
2009 Tax Rate Schedules   40

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2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet

Worksheet 2-1.2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet—Line 1 Estimated Taxable Social Security and Railroad Retirement Benefits

1. Enter your expected social security and railroad retirement benefits 1.      
2. Enter one-half of line 1 2.  
3. Enter your expected total income. Do not include any social security and railroad retirement benefits, nontaxable interest income, nontaxable IRA distributions, or nontaxable pension distributions 3.  
4. Enter your expected nontaxable interest income 4.  
5. Enter the total of any exclusions or adjustments for:
  • Qualified U.S. savings bond interest

  • Adoption benefits

  • Foreign earned income or housing

  • Income of bona fide residents of American Samoa or Puerto Rico

5.  
6. Add lines 2, 3, 4, and 5 6.  
7. Enter your expected adjustments to income. Do not include any student loan interest deduction, tuition and fees deduction, or domestic production activities deduction 7.  
8. Subtract line 7 from line 6. If zero or less, stop here. Do not include any social security or railroad retirement benefits in the amount on line 1 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet (or Annualized ES Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10)) 8.  
9. Enter $25,000 ($32,000 if you expect to file married filing jointly; $0 if you expect to file married filing separately and expect to live with your spouse at any time during the year) 9.  
10. Subtract line 9 from line 8. If zero or less, stop here. Do not include any social security or railroad retirement benefits in the amount on line 1 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet (or Annualized ES Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10)) 10.  
11. Enter $9,000 ($12,000 if you expect to file married filing jointly; $0 if you expect to file married filing separately and expect to live with your spouse at any time during the year) 11.  
12. Subtract line 11 from line 10. If zero or less, enter -0- 12.  
13. Enter the smaller of line 10 or line 11 13.  
14. Enter one-half of line 13 14.  
15. Enter the smaller of line 2 or line 14 15.  
16. Multiply line 12 by 85% (.85). If line 12 is zero, enter -0- 16.  
17. Add lines 15 and 16 17.  
18. Multiply line 1 by 85% (.85) 18.  
19. Expected taxable social security and railroad retirement benefits. Enter the smaller of line 17 or line 18. Include this amount in the total on line 1 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet (or Annualized ES Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10)) 19.  

Worksheet 2-2.2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet—Lines 1 and 11 Estimated Self-Employment Tax and Deduction

1. a. Enter your expected income and profits subject to self-employment tax* 1a.     .
  b. If you will have farm income and also receive social security retirement or disability benefits, enter your expected Conservation Reserve Program payments that will be included on Schedule F (Form 1040) or listed on Schedule K-1 (Form 1065) 1b.      
2.   Subtract line 1b from line 1a 2.      
3.   Multiply line 2 by 92.35% (.9235) 3.      
4.   Multiply line 3 by 2.9% (.029) 4.  
5.   Social security tax maximum income 5. $106,800    
6.   Enter your expected wages (if subject to social security tax or the
6.2% portion of tier 1 railroad retirement tax)
6.      
7.   Subtract line 6 from line 5 7.      
    Note. If line 7 is zero or less, enter -0- on line 9 and skip to line 10.        
8.   Enter the smaller of line 3 or line 7 8.      
9.   Multiply line 8 by 12.4% (.124) 9.  
10.   Add line 4 and line 9. Enter the result here and on line 11 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet (or line 13 of the Annualized ES Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10)) 10.  
11.   Multiply line 10 by 50% (.50). This is your expected deduction for one-half of your self-employment tax. Subtract this amount when figuring your expected AGI on line 1 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet (or Annualized ES Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10)) 11.      
*Your net profit from self-employment is found on Schedule C, line 31; Schedule C-EZ, line 3; Schedule F, line 36; Schedule K-1 (Form 1065), box 14, code A; and Schedule K-1 (Form 1065-B), box 9, code J1.

Worksheet 2-3. 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet—Line 2 Standard Deduction Worksheet

1. Enter the amount shown below for your filing status.        
  •Single or married filing separately—$5,700        
  •Married filing jointly or Qualifying widow(er)—$11,400        
  •Head of household—$8,350 1.      
2. Can you (or your spouse if filing jointly) be claimed as a dependent?        
 
Box
No. Skip line 3; enter the amount from line 1 on line 4.    
 
Box
Yes. Go to line 3.    
3. Is your earned income* more than $650?        
 
Box
Yes. Add $300 to your earned income. Enter the total.        
 
Box
No. Enter $950 3.      
4. Enter the smaller of line 1 or line 3 4.  
5. Were you (or your spouse if filing jointly) born before January 2, 1945, or blind?
 
Box
No. Go to line 6.
 
Box
Yes. Check if:
      a. You were
Box
Born before January 2, 1945
Box
Blind
      b. Your spouse was
Box
Born before January 2, 1945
Box
Blind
      c. Total boxes checked in 5a and 5b
box
    Multiply $1,100 ($1,400 if single or head of household) by the number in the box on line 5c 5.  
Before you continue:
If you will have deductions for net disaster losses, real estate taxes, or taxes on the purchase of a qualified motor vehicle, complete lines 6–10k as appropriate. If not, skip to line 11.
   
6. Enter any net disaster loss you expect to claim on Form 4684, line 18a 6.  
7. Enter the state and local real estate taxes you expect to pay in 2009 that would be deductible on Schedule A, line 6, if you were itemizing your deductions. Do not include foreign real estate taxes 7.      
8. Enter $500 ($1,000 if married filing jointly) 8.      
9. Enter the smaller of line 7 or line 8 9.  
10. a. Enter the total of the state or local sales or excise taxes you expect to pay in 2009 for the purchase of a qualified motor vehicle** 10a.      
  b. Enter the purchase price of the qualified motor vehicle 10b.          
  c. Is the amount in line 10b more than $49,500?            
   
Box
No.
Skip this line and enter the amount from line10a on line 10d.        
   
Box
Yes.
Divide $49,500 by the amount on line 10b. Enter the result as a decimal
(rounded to at least three places)
10c. .    
  d. Multiply line 10a by line 10c 10d.      
  e. Enter the amount from line 1 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet (or Worksheet 2-10) 10e.          
  f. Enter the total of any expected:
  • Exclusion of income from Puerto Rico, and

  • Amounts from Form 2555, lines 45 and 50; Form 2555-EZ, line 18; and Form 4563, line 15

10f.          
  g. Add lines 10e and 10f 10g.          
  h. Is the amount on line 10g more than $125,000 ($250,000 if married filing jointly)?            
   
Box
No.
Skip lines 10h and 10i, enter -0- on line 10j, and go to
line 10k.
           
   
Box
Yes.
Subtract $125,000 ($250,000 if married filing jointly)
from line 10g
10h.          
  i. Divide line 10h by $10,000. Enter the result as a decimal (rounded
to at least three places). If the result is 1.000 or more, enter 1.000
10i. .    
  j. Multiply line 10d by line 10i 10j.      
  k. Sales and excise taxes on qualified motor vehicle purchases. Subtract line 10j
from line 10d. Enter the result here
10k.  
11. Standard deduction. Add lines 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10k. Enter the result here and on line 2 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet (or line 7 of your 2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10)) 11.  
* Earned incomeincludes wages, salaries, tips, professional fees, and other compensation received for personal services you performed. It also includes any amount received as a scholarship that you must include in your income. Reduce it by one-half your self-employment tax.
** Qualified motor vehicleincludes certain new cars or light trucks, motorcycles, or motor homes that you purchase. For details, see Publication 553.

Worksheet 2-4.2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet—Line 2 Phaseout of Itemized Deductions

           
1. Enter the estimated total of your itemized deductions (after applying any limits, such as the 7.5%-of-AGI limit on medical expenses) 1.  
2. Enter the amount included in line 1 for medical and dental expenses, investment interest, casualty or theft losses, and gambling losses (after applying the same limits used in line 1) 2.  
3. Subtract line 2 from line 1 3.  
  Note. If line 3 is zero or less, your deduction is not limited. Stop here and enter line 1 of this worksheet on line 2 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet.    
4. Multiply line 3 by 80% (.80) 4.      
5. Enter the amount from line 1 of the 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet 5.      
6. Enter $166,800 ($83,400 if married filing separately) 6.      
7. Subtract line 6 from line 5 7.      
  Note. If line 7 is zero or less, your deduction is not limited. Stop here and enter line 1 of this worksheet on line 2 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet.        
8. Multiply line 7 by 3% (.03). Enter the result as a decimal 8. .    
9. Enter the smaller of line 4 or line 8 9.  
10. Divide line 9 by 1.5 10.  
11. Subtract line 10 from line 9 11.  
12. Total itemized deductions. Subtract line 11 from line 1. Enter the result here and on line 2 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet 12.  

Worksheet 2-5.2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet—Line 4 Reduction of Exemption Amount

             
1. Multiply $3,650 by the number of exemptions you plan to claim 1.  
2. Enter the amount from line 1 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet 2.      
3. Enter the amount shown below for your filing status.        
  Single—$166,800        
  Married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er)—$250,200        
  Married filing separately—$125,100        
  Head of household—$208,500 3.      
4. Subtract line 3 from line 2 4.      
5. Is line 4 more than $122,500 ($61,250 if married filing separately)?        
 
Box
Yes. Multiply $2,433 by the number of exemptions you plan to claim and enter the result here and on line 4 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet. Do not complete the rest of this worksheet.        
 
Box
No. Divide line 4 by $2,500 ($1,250 if married filing separately). If the result is not a whole number, increase it to the next higher whole number (for example, increase 0.0004 to 1) 5.      
6. Multiply line 5 by 2% (.02). Enter the result as a decimal 6. .
7. Multiply line 1 by line 6 7.  
8. Divide line 7 by 3.0 8.  
9. Deduction for exemptions. Subtract line 8 from line 1. Enter the result here and on line 4 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet. Caution. If you expect to house individuals displaced by a Midwestern disaster, enter the result on line 5 of Worksheet 2-6 and not on your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet 9.  

Worksheet 2-6.2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet—Line 4 Additional Exemption Amount for Taxpayers Housing Midwestern Displaced Individuals

             
1. Maximum additional exemption amount. Enter $2,000 ($1,000 if married filing separately) 1.  
2. Did you file Form 8914 in 2008?        
 
Box
Yes. Enter the additional exemption amount claimed in 2008
from Form 8914, line 2.
       
 
Box
No. Enter -0- 2.      
3. Subtract line 2 from line 1. This is the maximum additional exemption amount you can claim in 2009 3.  
4. Multiply $500 by the total number of displaced individuals that you housed in 2009. Do not enter more than the amount shown on line 3 4.  
5. Enter the previously computed exemption amount (see Exemptions—line 4 on page 21; Worksheet 2-5, line 9; or Worksheet 2-12, line 9) 5.  
6. Additional deduction for exemptions. Add lines 4 and 5. Enter the result here and on line 4 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet (line 10 of your 2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10)) 6.  
   
   

2009 Tax Rate Schedules

Caution.Do not use these Tax Rate Schedules to figure your 2008 taxes. Use them only to figure your 2009 estimated taxes.

Schedule X—Use if your 2009 filing status is Single Schedule Z—Use if your 2009 filing status is
Head of household
If line 5 is: The tax is:   of the If line 5 is: The tax is:   of the
Over— But not
over—
        amount over— Over— But not
over—
        amount over—
$0 $8,350     10%   $0 $0 $11,950     10%   $0
8,350 33,950 $835.00 + 15%   8,350 11,950 45,500 $1,195.00 + 15%   11,950
33,950 82,250 4,675.00 + 25%   33,950 45,500 117,450 6,227.50 + 25%   45,500
82,250 171,550 16,750.00 + 28%   82,250 117,450 190,200 24,215.00 + 28%   117,450
171,550 372,950 41,754.00 + 33%   171,550 190,200 372,950 44,585.00 + 33%   190,200
372,950 - - - - - - 108,216.00 + 35%   372,950 372,950 - - - - - - 104,892.50 + 35%   372,950
Schedule Y-1—Use if your 2009 filing status is
Married filing jointly or Qualifying widow(er)
Schedule Y-2—Use if your 2009 filing status is
Married filing separately
If line 5 is: The tax is:   of the If line 5 is: The tax is:   of the
Over— But not
over—
        amount over— Over— But not
over—
        amount over—
$0 $16,700     10%   $0 $0 $8,350     10%   $0
16,700 67,900 $1,670.00 + 15%   16,700 8,350 33,950 $835.00 + 15%   8,350
67,900 137,050 9,350.00 + 25%   67,900 33,950 68,525 4,675.00 + 25%   33,950
137,050 208,850 26,637.50 + 28%   137,050 68,525 104,425 13,318.75 + 28%   68,525
208,850 372,950 46,741.50 + 33%   208,850 104,425 186,475 23,370.75 + 33%   104,425
372,950 - - - - - - 100,894.50 + 35%   372,950 186,475 - - - - - - 50,447.25 + 35%   186,475
                           

Worksheet 2-7.2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet—Line 6 Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet

                   
1. Enter the amount from the appropriate worksheet.
  • Line 5 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet

  • Line 3 of Worksheet 2-8 (use if you will exclude or deduct foreign earned income or housing)

1.      
2. Enter your qualified dividends expected for 20091 2.              
3. Enter the net capital gain expected for 20091 3.              
4. Add lines 2 and 3 4.          
5. Enter your 28% rate gain or loss expected for 20092 5.              
6. Enter the unrecaptured section 1250 gain expected for 2009 6.              
7. Add lines 5 and 6 7.              
8. Enter the smaller of line 3 or line 7 8.          
9. Subtract line 8 from line 4 9.      
10. Subtract line 9 from line 1. If zero or less, enter -0- 10.          
11. Enter the smaller of line 1 or $67,900 ($33,950 if single or married filing separately, or $45,500 if head of household) 11.              
12. Enter the smaller of line 10 or line 11 12.              
13. Subtract line 4 from line 1. If zero or less, enter -0- 13.              
14. Enter the larger of line 12 or line 13 14.      
  Note.If line 11 and line 12 are the same, skip line 15 and go to line 16.        
15. Subtract line 12 from line 11 15.      
  Note. If lines 1 and 11 are the same, skip lines 16–28 and go to line 29.    
16. Enter the smaller of line 1 or line 9 16.          
17. Enter the amount from line 15. If line 15 is blank, enter -0- 17.          
18. Subtract line 17 from line 16. If zero or less, enter -0- 18.      
19. Multiply line 18 by 15% (.15) 19.  
  Note.If line 6 is zero or blank, skip lines 20–25 and go to line 26.    
20. Enter the smaller of line 3 or line 6 20.          
21. Add lines 4 and 14 21.              
22. Enter the amount from line 1 above 22.              
23. Subtract line 22 from line 21. If zero or less, enter -0- 23.          
24. Subtract line 23 from line 20. If zero or less, enter -0- 24.      
25. Multiply line 24 by 25% (.25) 25.  
  Note.If line 5 is zero or blank, skip lines 26–28 and go to line 29.    
26. Add lines 14, 15, 18, and 24 26.      
27. Subtract line 26 from line 1 27.      
28. Multiply line 27 by 28% (.28) 28.  
29. Figure the tax on the amount on line 14 from the 2009 Tax Rate Schedules 29.  
30. Add lines 19, 25, 28, and 29 30.  
31. Figure the tax on the amount on line 1 from the 2009 Tax Rate Schedules 31.  
32. Tax on all taxable income (including capital gains and qualified dividends). Enter the smaller of line 30 or line 31 here and on line 6 of the 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet (or line 4 of Worksheet 2-8) 32.  
1 If you expect to deduct investment interest expense, do not include on this line any qualified dividends or net capital gain that you will elect to treat as investment income.
2 This includes a section 1202 exclusion from eligible gain on qualified small business stock and gain or loss from the sale or exchange of collectibles. See the instructions for Schedule D (Form 1040) for more information.

Worksheet 2-8.2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet—Line 6 Foreign Earned Income Tax Worksheet

Before you begin: If line 5 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet is zero, do not complete this worksheet.
                 
1. Enter the amount from line 5 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet 1.  
2. Enter the total foreign earned income and housing amount you (and your spouse if filing jointly) expect to exclude or deduct in 2009 on Form 2555 or Form 2555-EZ 2.  
3. Add lines 1 and 2 3.  
4. Tax on the amount on line 3. Use the 2009 Tax Rate Schedules or Worksheet 2-7,* as appropriate 4.  
5. Tax on the amount on line 2. Use the 2009 Tax Rate Schedules 5.  
6. Subtract line 5 from line 4. Enter the result here and on line 6 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet. If zero or less, enter -0- 6.  
                 
*If using Worksheet 2-7 (Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet), enter the amount from line 3 above
on line 1 of Worksheet 2-7. Complete Worksheet 2-7 through line 9. Next, determine if you have a capital gain excess.
Figuring capital gain excess. To find out if you have a capital gain excess, subtract line 5 of your 2009 Estimated Tax
Worksheet from line 9 of Worksheet 2-7. If the result is more than zero, that amount is your capital gain excess.
No capital gain excess. If you do not have a capital gain excess, complete the rest of Worksheet 2-7 according
to its instructions. Then complete lines 5 and 6 above.
Capital gain excess. If you have a capital gain excess, complete a second Worksheet 2-7 as instructed above
but in its entirety and with the following additional modifications. Then complete lines 5 and 6 above.
  Make these modifications only for purposes of filling out Worksheet 2-8 above.
  a. Reduce (but not below zero) the amount you otherwise would enter on line 3 of Worksheet 2-7 by your capital
gain excess.
  b. Reduce (but not below zero) the amount you otherwise would enter on line 2 of Worksheet 2-7 by any of your
capital gain excess not used in (a) above.
  c. Reduce (but not below zero) the amount you otherwise would enter on line 5 of Worksheet 2-7 by your capital
gain excess.
  d. Reduce (but not below zero) the amount you otherwise would enter on line 6 of Worksheet 2-7 by your capital
gain excess.

Worksheet 2-9. 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet—Line 13b Making Work Pay Credit Worksheet

1. Enter the earned income* you (and your spouse, if married filing jointly) expect in 2009 1.  
2. Multiply line 1 by 6.2% (.062) 2.  
3. Enter $400 ($800 if married filing jointly) 3.  
4. Enter the smaller of line 2 or line 3 4.  
5. Enter the amount from line 1 of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet 5.      
6. Enter the total of any:
  • Amount of income from Puerto Rico you (and your spouse, if married filing
    jointly) expect to exclude;

  • Amount on Worksheet 2-8, line 2; and

  • Amount of income from American Samoa you (and your spouse, if married filing
    jointly) expect to exclude

6.      
7. Add line 5 and line 6 7.  
8. Enter $75,000 ($150,000 if married filing jointly) 8.  
9. Is the amount on line 7 more than the amount on line 8?
 
box
No.
Skip line 10. Enter the amount from line 4 on line 11 below.
 
box
Yes.
Subtract line 8 from line 7 9.  
10. Multiply line 9 by 2% (.02) 10.  
11. Subtract line 10 from line 4. If zero or less, enter -0- 11.  
12. Did you (or your spouse, if married filing jointly) receive social security benefits, supplemental security income, railroad retirement benefits, or veterans disability compensation or pension benefits in November or December 2008 or January 2009?        
 
box
No.
Enter -0-.        
 
box
Yes.
Enter $250 ($500 if married filing jointly) 12.      
13. Do you (or your spouse, if married filing jointly) expect to receive a pension or annuity in 2009 for services you performed as an employee of the U.S. government or any U.S. state or local government? Do not include any pension or annuity that will be reported on Form W-2.        
 
box
No.
Enter -0-.        
 
box
Yes.
If you checked “No” on line 12, enter $250 ($500 if married filing jointly and the answer on line 13 is “Yes” for both spouses). If you checked “Yes” on line 12, enter -0- (exception: enter $250 if married filing jointly and the spouse who received the pension or annuity did not receive any of the payments described on line 12) 13.      
14. Add lines 12 and 13 14.      
15. Subtract line 14 from line 11. If zero or less, enter -0- 15.  
16. Making Work Pay credit (including special credit for government retirees). Add lines 13 and 15. Enter the result here and include in the total on line 13b of your 2009 Estimated Tax Worksheet 16.  
*Earned incomeincludes wages, salaries, tips, professional fees, and other compensation received for personal services you performed. It also includes any amount received as a scholarship that you must include in your income and any nontaxable combat pay that you will include in your earned income for this purpose. If you will be self-employed, subtract the amount from Worksheet 2-2, line 11, to figure your earned income.

Worksheet 2-10.2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet

Note.For instructions, see Annualized Income Installment Method in chapter 2.

Section A (For Figuring Your Annualized Estimated Tax Payments)—Complete each column after end of period shown.
Estates and trusts: Use the following ending dates in columns (a)–(d):
2/28/2009, 4/30/2009, 7/31/2009, 11/30/2009.
(a)
1/1/09 –
3/31/09
(b)
1/1/09 –
5/31/09
(c)
1/1/09 –
8/31/09
(d)
1/1/09 –
12/31/09
1 Adjusted gross income (AGI) for each period (see instructions). Estates and trusts, enter your taxable income without your exemption for each period. Self-employed: Complete Section B first 1        
2 Annualization amounts. (Estates and trusts, see instructions) 2 4 2.4 1.5 1
3 Annualized income. Multiply line 1 by line 2 3        
4 If you itemize, enter itemized deductions for period shown in the column headings (see instructions). All others, enter -0- and skip to line 7. Exception: Estates and trusts, skip to line 9 and enter amount from line 3 4        
5 Annualization amounts 5 4 2.4 1.5 1
6 Multiply line 4 by line 5 (see instructions and Worksheet 2-11 if line 3 is more than $83,400) 6        
7 Standard deduction from Worksheet 2-3 7        
8 Enter the larger of line 6 or line 7 8        
9 Subtract line 8 from line 3 9        
10 In each column, multiply $3,650 by your total expected number of exemptions (see instructions and Worksheet 2-12 if line 3 is more than $125,100 or you expect to house individuals displaced by a Midwestern disaster). (Estates and trusts, see instructions) 10        
11 Subtract line 10 from line 9. If zero or less, enter -0- 11        
12 Figure your tax on the amount on line 11 (see instructions) 12        
13 Self-employment tax from line 37 of Section B 13        
14 Enter other taxes for each payment period (see instructions) 14        
15 Total tax. Add lines 12, 13, and 14 15        
16 Enter credits for each period (see instructions for type of credits allowed). Do not include any income tax withholding on this line 16        
17 Subtract line 16 from line 15. If zero or less, enter -0- 17        
18 Applicable percentage 18 22.5% 45% 67.5% 90%
19 Multiply line 17 by line 18 19        
  Complete lines 20–25 of one column before going to line 20 of the next column. 20        
20 Enter the total of the amounts in all previous columns of line 25        
21 Annualized income installment. Subtract line 20 from line 19. If zero or less, enter -0- 21        
22 Enter 25% (.25) of line 14c of the Form 1040-ES Estimated Tax Worksheet in each column 22        
23 Subtract line 25 of the previous column from line 24 of that column 23        
24 Add lines 22 and 23 24        
25 Enter the smaller of line 21 or line 24 (see instructions) 25        
26 Total required payments for the period. Add lines 20 and 25 26        
27 Estimated tax payments made (line 28 of all previous columns) plus tax withholding through the due date for the period 27        
28 Estimated tax payment required by the next due date. Subtract line 27 from line 26 and enter the result (but not less than zero) here and on your payment voucher 28        
(Continued on next page)

Worksheet 2-10.2009 Annualized Estimated Worksheet(Continued)

Section B (For Figuring Your Annualized Estimated Self-Employment Tax)—Complete each column after end of period shown.
(Form 1040 filers only) (a)
1/1/09 –
3/31/09
(b)
1/1/09 –
5/31/09
(c)
1/1/09 –
8/31/09
(d)
1/1/09 –
12/31/09
29 Net earnings from self-employment for the period 29        
30 Prorated social security tax limit 30 $26,700 $44,500 $71,200 $106,800
31 Enter actual wages for the period subject to social security tax or the 6.2% portion of the 7.65% railroad retirement (tier 1) tax 31        
32 Subtract line 31 from line 30. If zero or less, enter -0- 32        
33 Annualization amounts 33 0.496 0.2976 0.186 0.124
34 Multiply line 33 by the smaller of line 29 or line 32 34        
35 Annualization amounts 35 0.116 0.0696 0.0435 0.029
36 Multiply line 29 by line 35 36        
37 Add lines 34 and 36. Enter the result here and on line 13 of Section A 37        
38 Annualization amounts 38 8 4.8 3 2
39 Deduction for one-half of self-employment tax. Divide line 37 by line 38. Enter the result here. Use this result to figure your AGI on line 1 39        
   
   

Worksheet 2-11.2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet—Line 6 Phaseout of Itemized Deductions

           
1. Enter line 4 of Worksheet 2-10, Section A 1.  
2. Enter the amount included in line 1 for medical and dental expenses, investment interest, casualty or theft losses, and gambling losses (after applying the same limits used in line 1) 2.  
3. Subtract line 2 from line 1 3.  
4. Enter line 5 of Worksheet 2-10, Section A 4.  
5. Multiply line 1 by line 4 5.  
 
Note.If line 3 is zero or less, your deduction is not limited. Stop here and enter line 5 above on line 6 of Worksheet 2-10, Section A.
   
6. Multiply line 3 by line 4 6.  
7. Multiply line 6 by 80% (.80) 7.      
8. Enter line 3 of Worksheet 2-10, Section A 8.      
9. Enter $166,800 ($83,400 if married filing separately) 9.      
10. Subtract line 9 from line 8 10.      
 
Note. If line 10 is zero or less, your deduction is not limited. Stop here and enter line 5 of this worksheet on line 6 of Worksheet 2-10, Section A.
       
11. Multiply line 10 by 3% (.03) 11.      
12. Enter the smaller of line 7 or line 11 12.  
13. Divide line 12 by 1.5 13.  
14. Subtract line 13 from line 12 14.  
15. Total itemized deductions. Subtract line 14 from line 5. Enter the result here and in the appropriate column of Worksheet 2-10, Section A, line 6 15.  

Worksheet 2-12.2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet—Line 10 Reduction of Exemption Amount

             
1. Multiply $3,650 by the number of exemptions you plan to claim 1.  
2. Enter line 3 of Worksheet 2-10, Section A 2.      
3. Enter the amount shown below for your filing status        
  Single—$166,800
Married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er)—$250,200
Married filing separately—$125,100
Head of household—$208,500
3.      
4. Subtract line 3 from line 2 4.      
5. Is line 4 more than $122,500 (more than $61,250 if married filing separately)?        
 
Box
Yes. Multiply $2,433 by the number of exemptions you plan to claim and enter the result here and on line 10 of Worksheet 2-10, Section A. Do not complete the rest of this worksheet.        
 
Box
No. Divide line 4 by $2,500 ($1,250 if married filing separately). If the result is not a whole number, increase it to the next higher whole number (for example, increase 0.0004 to 1) 5.      
6. Multiply line 5 by 2% (.02). Enter the result as a decimal 6. .
7. Multiply line 1 by line 6 7.  
8. Divide line 7 by 3.0 8.  
9. Deduction for exemptions. Subtract line 8 from line 1. Enter the result here and in the appropriate column of Worksheet 2-10, Section A, line 10. Caution. If you expect to house individuals displaced by a Midwestern disaster, enter the result on line 5 of Worksheet 2-6 and not on Worksheet 2-10 9.  

Worksheet 2-13.2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet—Line 12 Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet

Note. To figure the annualized entries for lines 2, 3, 5, and 6 below, multiply the expected amount for the period by the annualization amount on line 2 of
Worksheet 2-10 for the same period.
                   
1. Enter the amount from the appropriate worksheet.
  • Line 11 of your 2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10)

  • Line 3 of Worksheet 2-14 (use if you will exclude or deduct foreign earned income or housing)

1.      
2. Enter your annualized qualified dividends expected for 2009 1 2.              
3. Enter the annualized net capital gain expected for 2009 1 3.              
4. Add lines 2 and 3 4.          
5. Enter your annualized 28% rate gain or loss expected for 2009 2 5.              
6. Enter the annualized unrecaptured section 1250 gain expected for 2009 6.              
7. Add lines 5 and 6 7.              
8. Enter the smaller of line 3 or line 7 8.          
9. Subtract line 8 from line 4 9.      
10. Subtract line 9 from line 1. If zero or less, enter -0- 10.          
11. Enter the smaller of line 1 or $67,900 ($33,950 if single or married filing separately, or $45,500 if head of household) 11.              
12. Enter the smaller of line 10 or line 11 12.              
13. Subtract line 4 from line 1. If zero or less,
enter -0-

13.

           
14. Enter the larger of line 12 or line 13 14.      
  Note.If line 11 and line 12 are the same, skip line 15 and go to line 16.        
15. Subtract line 12 from line 11 15.      
  Note.If lines 1 and 11 are the same, skip lines 16–28 and go to line 29.    
16. Enter the smaller of line 1 or line 9 16.          
17. Enter the amount from line 15. If line 15 is blank, enter -0- 17.          
18. Subtract line 17 from line 16. If zero or less, enter -0- 18.      
19. Multiply line 18 by 15% (.15) 19.  
  Note.If line 6 is zero or blank, skip lines 20–25 and go to line 26.    
20. Enter the smaller of line 3 or line 6 20.          
21. Add lines 4 and 14 21.              
22. Enter the amount from line 1 above 22.              
23. Subtract line 22 from line 21. If zero or less, enter -0- 23.          
24. Subtract line 23 from line 20. If zero or less, enter -0- 24.      
25. Multiply line 24 by 25% (.25) 25.  
  Note.If line 5 is zero or blank, skip lines 26–28 and go to line 29.    
26. Add lines 14, 15, 18, and 24 26.      
27. Subtract line 26 from line 1 27.      
28. Multiply line 27 by 28% (.28) 28.  
29. Figure the tax on the amount on line 14 from the 2009 Tax Rate Schedules 29.  
30. Add lines 19, 25, 28, and 29 30.  
31. Figure the tax on the amount on line 1 from the 2009 Tax Rate Schedules 31.  
32. Tax on all taxable income (including capital gains and qualified dividends). Enter the smaller of line 30 or line 31 here and in the appropriate column of the 2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet, line 12 (or line 4 of Worksheet 2-14) 32.  
1 If you expect to deduct investment interest expense, do not include on this line any qualified dividends or net capital gain that you will elect to treat as investment income.
2 This includes a section 1202 exclusion from eligible gain on qualified small business stock and gain or loss from the sale or exchange of collectibles. See the instructions for Schedule D (Form 1040) for more information.

Worksheet 2-14.2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet—Line 12 Foreign Earned Income Tax Worksheet

Before you begin: If line 11 of Worksheet 2-10 (2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet) is zero for the period, do not complete this worksheet.
1. Enter the amount from line 11 of your 2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet for the period 1.  
2. Enter the annualized amount* of foreign earned income and housing amount you (and your spouse if filing jointly) expect to exclude or deduct for the period on Form 2555 or Form 2555-EZ 2.  
3. Add lines 1 and 2 3.  
4. Tax on the amount on line 3. Use the 2009 Tax Rate Schedules or Worksheet 2-13,** as appropriate 4.  
5. Tax on the amount on line 2. Use the 2009 Tax Rate Schedules 5.  
6. Subtract line 5 from line 4. Enter the result here and on line 12 of your 2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet (Worksheet 2-10). If zero or less, enter -0- 6.  
                 
* To figure the annualized amount for line 2, multiply the expected exclusion for the period by the annualization amount
on line 2 of Worksheet 2-10 for the same period.
**If using Worksheet 2-13 (Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet), enter the amount from line 3 above on
line 1 of Worksheet 2-13. Complete Worksheet 2-13 through line 9. Next, determine if you have a capital gain excess.
Figuring capital gain excess. To find out if you have a capital gain excess for the appropriate period, subtract line 11
of Worksheet 2-10 from line 9 of Worksheet 2-13. If the result is more than zero, that amount is your capital gain excess.
  No capital gain excess. If you do not have a capital gain excess, complete the rest of Worksheet 2-13 according to its instructions. Then complete lines 5 and 6 above.  
  Capital gain excess. If you have a capital gain excess, complete a second Worksheet 2-13 as instructed above but in its entirety and with the following additional modifications. Then complete lines 5 and 6 above.  
  Make these modifications only for purposes of filling out Worksheet 2-14 above.  
  a. Reduce (but not below zero) the amount you otherwise would enter on line 3 of Worksheet 2-13 by your capital gain excess.  
  b. Reduce (but not below zero) the amount you otherwise would enter on line 2 of Worksheet 2-13 by any of your capital gain excess not used in (a) above.  
  c. Reduce (but not below zero) the amount you otherwise would enter on line 5 of Worksheet 2-13 by your capital gain excess.  
  d. Reduce (but not below zero) the amount you otherwise would enter on line 6 of Worksheet 2-13 by your capital gain excess.  

Worksheet 2-15. 2009 Annualized Estimated Tax Worksheet—Line 16 Making Work Pay Credit Worksheet

Note. To figure the annualized entries for lines 1 and 6 below, multiply the expected amount for the period by the
annualization amount on line 2 of Worksheet 2-10 for the same period.
 
1. Enter the annualized earned income* you (and your spouse, if married filing jointly) expect in 2009 1.  
2. Multiply line 1 by 6.2% (.062) 2.  
3. Enter $400 ($800 if married filing jointly) 3.  
4. Enter the smaller of line 2 or line 3 4.  
5. Enter the amount from line 3 of Worksheet 2-10 5.      
6. Enter the total of any:
  • Annualized amount** of income from Puerto Rico you (and your spouse,
    if married filing jointly) expect to exclude;

  • Amount on Worksheet 2-14, line 2; and

  • Annualized amount** of income from American Samoa you (and your
    spouse, if married filing jointly) expect to exclude

6.      
7. Add line 5 and line 6 7.  
8. Enter $75,000 ($150,000 if married filing jointly) 8.  
9. Is the amount on line 7 more than the amount on line 8?
 
box
No.
Skip line 10. Enter the amount from line 4 on line 11 below.
 
box
Yes.
Subtract line 8 from line 7 9.  
10. Multiply line 9 by 2% (.02) 10.  
11. Subtract line 10 from line 4. If zero or less, enter -0- 11.  
12. Did you (or your spouse, if married filing jointly) receive social security benefits, supplemental security income, railroad retirement benefits, or veterans disability compensation or pension benefits in November or December 2008 or January 2009?        
 
box
No.
Enter -0-.        
 
box
Yes.
Enter $250 ($500 if married filing jointly) 12.      
13. Do you (or your spouse, if married filing jointly) expect to receive a pension or annuity in 2009 for services you performed as an employee of the U.S. government or any U.S. state or local government? Do not include any pension or annuity that you expect to be reported on Form W-2.        
 
box
No.
Enter -0-.        
 
box
Yes.
If you checked “No” on line 12, enter $250 ($500 if married filing jointly and the answer on line 13 is “Yes” for both spouses). If you checked “Yes” on line 12, enter -0- (exception: enter $250 if married filing jointly and the spouse who received the pension or annuity did not receive a payment described on line 12) 13.      
14. Add lines 12 and 13 14.      
15. Subtract line 14 from line 11. If zero or less, enter -0- 15.  
16. Making Work Pay credit (including special credit for government retirees). Add lines 13 and 15. Enter the result here and include in the total on line 16 of Worksheet 2-10 16.  
* Earned incomeincludes wages, salaries, tips, professional fees, and other compensation received for personal services you performed. It also includes any amount received as a scholarship that you must include in your income and any nontaxable combat pay that you will include in your earned income for this purpose. If you will be self-employed, subtract the amount from Worksheet 2-2, line 11, to figure your earned income.
** To figure the annualized amount for line 6, multiply the expected exclusion or deduction for the period by the annualization amount on line 2 of Worksheet 2-11 for the same period.

Worksheet 2-16.Amended Estimated Tax Worksheet

             
1. Amended total estimated tax due 1.  
2. Multiply line 1 by:        
  50% (.50) if next payment is due June 15, 2009        
  75% (.75) if next payment is due September 15, 2009        
  100% (1.00) if next payment is due January 15, 2010 2.      
3. Estimated tax payments made for all previous periods 3.      
4. Next required payment: Subtract line 3 from line 2 and enter the result (but not less than zero) here and on your payment voucher for your next required payment 4.      
  Note.If the payment on line 4 is due January 15, 2010, stop here. Otherwise, go to line 5.        
5. Add lines 3 and 4 5.  
6. Subtract line 5 from line 1 and enter the result (but not less than zero) 6.  
7. Each following required payment: If the payment on line 4 is due June 15, 2009, enter one-half of the amount on line 6 here and on the payment vouchers for your payments due September 15, 2009, and January 15, 2010. If the amount on line 4 is due September 15, 2009, enter the full amount on line 6 here and on the payment voucher for your payment due January 15, 2010 7.  

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