Table of Contents Cover Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Part I: Executive Summary Part II: The Affected Environment I. Section II.Section III. Section IV. Section Part III: Alternatives Including The Preferred Alternative I. Section II.Section III. Section Part IV Environmental Concequences I. Section II.Section III. Section IV. Section V. Section Part V: Sanctuary Management Plan I. Section II.Section III. Section IV. Section V. Section Part VI: List of Preparers and Alternatives Part VII: List of Agencies, Organizations, and Persons Receiving Copies Part VIII: References Part IX Appendices   VOLUME I   LIST OF FIGURES   LIST OF TABLES   PART I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY   PART II: THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT     I. Section: The Regional Context II-4 A. Sanctuary Location II-4 B. Regional Access II-5 II. Section: Sanctuary Resources II-6 A. Introduction II-6 B. Environmental Conditions II-7 1. Geological Oceanography II-7 2. Meteorology II-10 3. Physical Oceanography II-11 a. Waves II-11 b. Water Temperature II-12 c. Offshore Ocean Currents II-12 d. Upwelling and Eddies II-14 e. Nearshore coastal currents II-17 f. Freshwater input II-18 4. Water Quality II-18 C. Habitats II-25 1. Introduction II-25 2. Submarine Canyon Habitat II-25 3. Nearshore Sublittoral Habitat II-27 4. Rocky Intertidal Habitat II-27 5. Sandy Beach Intertidal Habitat II-28 6. Kelp Forest Habitat II-28 7. Estuaries and Sloughs II-29 D. Biological Resources II-31 1. Introduction II-31 2. Plankton II-31 3. Algae II-32 4. Invertebrates II-34 5. Fishes II-36 6. Seabirds II-40 7. Turtles II-44 8. Marine Mammals II-44 a. Pinnipeds II-44 b. Cetaceans II-48 c. Fissipeds II-50 E. Cultural and Historical Resources II-53 1. Historic sites II-53 2. Shipwrecks II-54 F. Existing Protected Areas II-54 1. State Refuges and Reserves II-57 a. Ecological Reserves II-57 b. Game Refuges II-58 c. Marine Life Refuges II-59 d. Fish Refuge II-59 e. Marine Reserves II-60 2. State Historic Parks II-61 3. California State Park System and Beaches II-61 III. Section: Human Activities II-63 A. Fishing II-63 1. Commercial Fishing II-63 2. Aquaculture II-63 3. Kelp Harvesting II-67 B. Hydrocarbon and Mineral Activities II-68 1. Oil and Gas II-68 2. Sand Mining II-70 C. Vessel Traffic, Harbors and Dredging II-70 1. Vessel Traffic II-70 a. Commercial Shipping II-70 b. Commercial Fishing Vessels II-73 c. Research Vessels II-73 d. Recreational Boating II-73 2. Harbors II-74 a. Santa Cruz Harbor II-74 b. Moss Landing Harbor II-74 c. Monterey Harbor II-74 d. Princeton/Pillar Point Harbor II-74 3. Dredging II-79 4. Dredge Disposal II-79 D. Discharges, and Non-Dredge Material Dump Sites II-79 1. Point Source Discharges II-79 2. Non-Point Source Discharges II-86 3. Non-Dredge Material Dump Sites II-86 E. Military Activity II-88 F. Research and Education II-90 G. Land Use II-93 H. Coastal Development II-96 I. Recreational Activities and Tourism II-96 1. Tourism II-96 2. Coastal Recreation Areas II-98 3. Recreational Boating II-98 4. "Personal water craft" II-98 5. Recreational Fishing II-99 6. Intertidal Collecting II-102 7. Diving II-102 8. Nature Observation II-102 9. Surfing II-102 IV. Section: Existing Resource Protection Regime II-104 A. Introduction II-104 B. Federal Authorities II-104 C. State Authorities II-105   PART III: ALTERNATIVES INCLUDING THE PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE     I. Section: Boundary Alternatives III-5 A. Introduction III-5 B. Boundary Alternative 1 III-6 1. Geography III-6 2. Distinguishing Characteristics III-6 C. Boundary Alternative 2 III-10 1. Geography III-10 2. Distinguishing Characteristics III-10 D. Boundary Alternative 3 III-14 1. Geography III-14 2. Distinguishing Characteristics III-14 E. Boundary Alternative 4 III-18 1. Geography III-18 2. Distinguishing Characteristics III-18 F. Boundary Alternative 5 (Preferred) III-22 1. Geography III-22 2. Distinguishing Characteristics III-22 G. Boundary Alternative 6 III-26 1. Geography III-26 2. Distinguishing Characteristics III-26 H. Boundary Alternative 7 III-30 1. Geography III-30 2. Distinguishing Characteristics III-30 II. Section: Regulatory Alternatives III-34 A. Introduction III-34 B. Oil, Gas and Mineral Activities III-40 1. Status Quo III-40 a. Existing Regulatory Framework III-40 b. Impact to Resources III-40 c. Impact to Uses III-41 2. Sanctuary Alternative 1 III-41 a. Sanctuary Action III-41 b. Impact to Resources III-42 c. Impact to Uses III-42 3. Sanctuary Alternative 2 (Preferred) III-42 a. Sanctuary Action III-42 b. Impact to Resources III-43 c. Impact to Uses III-43 C. Discharges or Deposits III-44 1. Status Quo III-44 a. Existing Regulatory Framework III-44 (1) Point Source Discharges III-45 (2) Non-Point Source Discharges (NPS) III-45 (3) Hazardous waste, oil and trash disposal III-46 (4) Ocean dumping III-47 b. Impact to Resources III-47 c. Impact to Uses III-48 2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred) III-49 a. Sanctuary Action III-49 b. Impact to Resources III-49 c. Impact to Uses III-50 (1) Vessels III-51 (2) Dredge Disposal Activities III-51 (3) Point Source Discharges III-52 (4) Non-Point Source Discharges (NPS) III-54 D. Historical Resources III-55 1. Status Quo III-55 a. Existing Regulatory Framework III-55 b. Impact to Resources III-55 c. Impact to Uses III-56 2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred) III-56 a. Sanctuary Action III-56 b. Impact to Resources III-56 c. Impact to Uses III-57 E. Alteration of or Construction on the Seabed III-58 1. Status Quo III-58 a. Existing Regulatory Framework III-58 b. Impact to Resources III-58 c. Impact to Uses III-59 2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred) III-59 a. Sanctuary Action III-59 b. Impact to Resources III-59 c. Impact to Uses III-59 F. Taking Marine Mammals, Turtles and Seabirds III-61 1. Status Quo III-61 a. Existing Regulatory Framework III-61 b. Impact to Resources III-61 c. Impact to Uses III-61 2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred) III-61 a. Sanctuary Action III-61 b. Impact to Resources III-62 c. Impact to Uses III-62 G. Overflights III-63 1. Status Quo III-63 a. Existing Regulatory Framework III-63 b. Impact to Resources III-63 c. Impact to Uses III-63 2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred) III-63 a. Sanctuary Action III-63 b. Impact to Resources III-64 c. Impact to Uses III-64 H. Operation of "Personal Water Craft" III-66 1. Status Quo III-66 a. Existing Regulatory Framework III-66 b. Impact to Resources III-66 c. Impact to Uses III-66 2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred) III-66 a. Sanctuary Action III-66 b. Impact to Resources III-67 c. Impact to Uses III-69 I. Vessel Traffic III-70 1. Status Quo (Preferred) III-70 a. Existing Regulatory Framework III-70 b. Impact to Resources III-70 c. Impact to Uses III-72 2. Sanctuary Alternative III-73 a. Sanctuary Action III-73 b. Impact to Resources III-73 c. Impact to Uses III-74 J. Fishing, Kelp Harvesting and Aquaculture III-75 1. Status Quo (Preferred) III-75 a. Existing Regulatory Framework III-75 b. Impact to Resources III-75 c. Impact to Uses III-79 2. Sanctuary Alternative III-81 a. Sanctuary Action III-81 b. Impact to Resources III-81 c. Impact to Uses III-81 III. Section: Management Alternatives III-82 A. Introduction III-82 B. Alternatives III-82 1. Status Quo III-82 2. Sanctuary Management Alternative 1 III-82 3. Sanctuary Management Alternative 2 (Preferred) III-82   PART IV: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF ALTERNATIVES     I. Section: Boundary Alternatives IV-5 A. Introduction IV-5 B. Boundary Alternative 1 IV-5 C. Boundary Alternative 2 IV-8 D. Boundary Alternative 3 IV-10 E. Boundary Alternative 4 IV-11 F. Boundary Alternative 5 IV-12 G. Boundary Alternative 6 IV-13 H. Boundary Alternative 7 IV-14 II. Section: Regulatory Alternatives IV-16 A. Introduction IV-16 B. Oil, Gas and Mineral Activities IV-17 1. Status Quo IV-17 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-17 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-22 2. Sanctuary Alternative 2 (Preferred) IV-22 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-22 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-25 C. Discharges or Deposits IV-27 1. Status Quo IV-27 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-27 (1) Discharges from Point Sources IV-27 (2) Discharges from Non-Point Sources (NPS) IV-28 (3) Hazardous waste, oil and trash disposal IV-29 (4) Ocean dumping IV-30 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-30 2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred) IV-31 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-31 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-31 D. Historical Resources IV-36 1. Status Quo IV-36 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-36 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-36 2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred) IV-36 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-36 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-37 E. Alteration of or Construction on the Seabed IV-39 1. Status Quo IV-39 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-39 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-40 2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred) IV-40 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-40 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-41 F. Taking Marine Mammals, Turtles and Seabirds IV-42 1. Status Quo IV-42 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-42 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-43 2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred) IV-43 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-43 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-43 G. Overflights IV-45 1. Status Quo IV-45 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-45 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-45 2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred) IV-45 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-45 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-46 H. Operation of "Personal Water Craft" IV-48 1. Status Quo IV-48 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-48 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-48 2. Sanctuary Alternative (Preferred) IV-48 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-48 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-48 I. Vessel Traffic IV-50 1. Status Quo (Preferred) IV-50 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-50 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-51 2. Sanctuary Alternative IV-53 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-53 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-53 J. Fishing, Kelp harvesting and Aquaculture IV-54 1. Status Quo (Preferred) IV-54 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-54 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-54 2. Sanctuary Alternative IV-54 a. Consequence of Impact to Resources IV-54 b. Consequence of Impact to Uses IV-55 III. Section: Management Alternative Consequences IV-56 A. Consequences of Status Quo IV-56 1. Enforcement IV-56 2. Research and Education IV-57 B. Consequences of Sanctuary Alternative 1. IV-58 1. Enforcement IV-58 2. Research and Education IV-58 C. Consequences of Sanctuary Alternative 2 (Preferred) IV-58 1. Enforcement IV-58 2. Research and Education IV-59 IV. Section: Unavoidable Adverse Environmental or Socioeconomic Effects IV-61 V. Section: Relationship Between Short-term Uses of the Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement of Long-term Productivity IV-63   PART V: SANCTUARY MANAGEMENT PLAN     I. Section Introduction V-3 II. Section: Resource Protection V-6 A. Introduction V-6 B. Goals V-6 C. Sanctuary Regulations V-7 D. Contingency Plans V-7 1. Existing Capabilities V-8 2. Sanctuary Action V-10 E. Compatible Use of the Sanctuary V-11 F. Surveillance and Enforcement V-13 1. Sanctuary Action and Coordination with Existing Agencies V-13 2. Public Education and Information V-14 3. Planning and Coordination V-15 III. Section: Research V-16 A. Introduction V-16 B. Goals V-17 C. Framework for Research V-18 1. Baseline Studies V-18 2. Monitoring V-20 3. Predictive Studies V-22 D. Selection and Management of Research Projects V-23 1. Preparing an Annual Plan V-23 2. Monitoring Progress V-23 3. Information Exchange V-23 IV. Section Education V-24 A. Introduction V-24 B. Goals V-24 C. Educational Opportunities V-25 D. Educational Programs V-26 1. Site Visitor Programs V-26 2. Information Center Programs V-27 3. Outreach Programs V-28 V. Section: Administration V-30 A. Introduction V-30 1. Sanctuaries and Reserves Division V-30 2. Sanctuary Advisory Committee V-30 3. Federal Agencies V-31 4. State, regional and local agencies V-32 B. Resource Protection V-32 C. Research V-36 D. Education V-37 E. General Administration V-38 F. Staffing Levels V-41 G. Headquarters and Visitor Center Facilities V-41   PART VI: LIST OF PREPARERS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS   PART VII: LIST OF AGENCIES, ORGANIZATIONS, AND PERSONS RECEIVING COPIES   PART VIII:REFERENCES VOLUME II   PART IX: APPENDICES     A. Federal Advisory Committee Act     B. Proposed Notice of Designation and Final Rule Making       I: Background       II: Designation Document       III: Summary of Final Management Plan       IV: Summary of Regulations       V. Miscellaneous Rulemaking Requirements     C. Existing State and Federal Authorities Relevant to the Sanctuary C-1     I. State and Federal Authorities Applicable to the Monterey Bay Area C-3     II. State Authorities C-3     A. California Coastal Act C-3     B. California Environmental Protection Agency C-5     C. Water Quality Control Act C-6     D. Fish and Game Code C-6     1. Regulations of Sport and Commercial Fishing C-7     2. Endangered Species C-8     3. Protection of Migratory Birds C-8     4. Oil Spill Contingency Plans C-8     E. SB 2040, Lempert-Keene Oil Spill Prevention and Response Act C-9     F. Cunningham-Shell Tidelands Act C-3     G. Control of Oil Discharges from Vessels C-10     H. Air Resources C-11     III. Federal Authorities C-12     A. Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act C-12     B. Endangered Species Act C-12     C. Marine Mammal Protection Act C-13     D. Migratory Bird Treaty Act C-14     E. Clean Water Act C-15     F. Rivers and Harbors Act C-16     G. Ports and Waterways Safety Act C-17     H. Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships C-18     I. Oil Pollution Act C-19     J. Federal Aviation Act C-21     K. Clean Air Act C-21     L. Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act C-22     M. Title I of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act C-22     N. National Historic Preservation Act C-23     O. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act C-23     IV. Additional Special Areas/Agencies C-24 A. Los Padres National Forest C-24     APPENDIX D: DISCHARGE AND DEPOSITS INTO THE MONTEREY BAY AREA     APPENDIX E: ABBREVIATIONS     F. Responses to Comments on the Draft Environmental Impact Statement/Management Plan       G. Water Quality Memorandum of Agreement       H. Opinion of Counsel on Designation of Ocean Dump Sites       I. NOS/NMFS Memorandum of Understanding                           Home | Introduction | Visitors | Education | Research | Protection | Calendar Foundation | Search Credits For comments or question please refer to the Webmaster This page last modified on: November 21, 2008