Lung Diseases and Conditions
Many steps are involved in breathing. If injury,
disease, or other factors affect any of the steps, you may have trouble
breathing.
For example, the fine hairs (cilia) that line your
upper airways may not trap all of the germs you breathe in. These germs can
cause an infection in your bronchi (bronchitis) or deep in your lungs
(pneumonia). These infections cause a buildup of mucus and/or fluid that
narrows the airways and hinders airflow in and out of your lungs.
If you have
asthma,
breathing in certain substances that you're sensitive to can trigger your
airways to narrow. This makes it hard for air to flow in and out of your
lungs.
Over a long period, breathing in cigarette smoke or
air pollutants can damage the airways and the air sacs. This can lead to a
condition called
COPD
(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). COPD prevents proper airflow in and
out of your lungs and can hinder gas exchange in the air sacs.
An important step to breathing is the movement of
your diaphragm and other muscles in your chest, neck, and abdomen. This
movement lets you inhale and exhale. Nerves that run from your brain to these
muscles control their movement. Damage to these nerves in your upper spinal
cord can cause breathing to stop, unless a machine is used to help you breathe.
(This machine is called a ventilator or a respirator.)
A steady flow of blood in the small blood vessels
that surround your air sacs is vital for gas exchange. Long periods of
inactivity or surgery can cause a blood clot called a
pulmonary
embolism to block your lung artery. This reduces or stops the flow of
blood in the small blood vessels and interferes with gas exchange. |