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Nobel Laureates
Read about the NIH Scientists who have
won Nobel prizes.
Laureate |
Field |
Year |
Supporting NIH Institute(s) |
Martin Chalfie, U.S.A.,
Roger Y. Tsien, U.S.A. and Osamu Shimomura, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
2008 |
NIGMS, NINDS, NIAID, NIA, NEI |
Mario
R. Capecchi, U.S.A., and Oliver Smithies, U.S.A. (shared with M. J. Evans, U.K.) |
Physiology or Medicine |
2007 |
NIGMS, NHLBI, NIDDK, NCI, NICHD |
Roger D. Kornberg,
U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
2006 |
NIGMS, NIAID, NCI |
Andrew
Z. Fire, U.S.A., and Craig C. Mello, U.S.A. |
Physiology or Medicine |
2006 |
NIGMS, NICHD |
Robert H. Grubbs,
U.S.A., and Richard R. Schrock, U.S.A. (shared with Yves
Chauvin, France) |
Chemistry |
2005 |
NIGMS |
Richard
Axel, U.S.A., and Linda B. Buck, U.S.A. |
Physiology or Medicine |
2004 |
NIDCD, NCI, NIAID, NIMH,
NINDS, NIDDK |
Irwin A. Rose, U.S.A.,
Avram Hershko, Israel (shared with Aaron Ciechanover, Israel) |
Chemistry |
2004 |
NIAMS, NCI, NIAAA, NIGMS, NIDDK |
Roderick
MacKinnon , U.S.A., and Peter Agre, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
2003 |
NHLBI, NEI, NIAAA, NIGMS,
NCRR, NINDS, NIDDK |
Paul C. Lauterbur, U.S.A. (shared
with P. Mansfield, U.K.) |
Physiology or Medicine |
2003 |
NCRR, NCI, NHLBI, NIGMS, NIMH |
John B.
Fenn, U.S.A. (shared with K. Tanaka, Japan and K. Wüthrich,
Switzerland) |
Chemistry |
2002 |
NIGMS |
H. Robert Horvitz,
U.S.A. (shared with S. Brenner, U.S.A. and J.E. Sulston,
U.K.) |
Physiology or medicine |
2002 |
NIGMS, NCI, NICHD |
Leland
H. Hartwell, U.S.A. (shared with P.M. Nurse and R.T. Hunt,
U.K.) |
Physiology or medicine |
2001 |
NIGMS, NCI, NCRR |
K. Barry Sharpless,
U.S.A. (shared with W.S. Knowles, U.S.A. and R. Noyori, Japan) |
Chemistry |
2001 |
NIGMS, NHLBI |
Paul
Greengard, U.S.A. (shared with E. Kandel, U.S.A. and A. Carlsson,
Sweden) |
Physiology or medicine |
2000 |
NIMH, NIA, NIDA, NINDS,
NIAAA, NHLBI, NIAMS |
Erik R. Kandel, U.S.A.
(shared with P. Greengard, U.S.A. and A. Carlsson, Sweden) |
Physiology or medicine |
2000 |
NIMH, NIGMS, NINDS, NCRR |
James
J. Heckman, U.S.A. (shared with D. McFadden, U.S.A.) |
Economic sciences |
2000 |
NICHD, NIMH |
Daniel L. McFadden,
U.S.A. (shared with J. Heckman, U.S.A.) |
Economic sciences |
2000 |
NIA |
Günter
Blobel, U.S.A. |
Physiology or medicine |
1999 |
NIGMS, NCI |
Robert Furchgott,
U.S.A. (shared with L. Ignarro and F. Murad, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1998 |
NIGMS, NHLBI, NINDS |
Louis
Ignarro, U.S.A. (shared with F. Murad and R. Furchgott, U.S.
A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1998 |
NHLBI, NIAMS, NICHD |
Ferid Murad, U.S.A.
(shared with L. Ignarro and R. Furchgott, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1998 |
NIGMS, NHLBI, NIDDK |
Paul
D. Boyer, U.S.A. (shared with J.C. Skou,) |
Chemistry |
1997 |
NIGMS, NIDDK |
Jens C. Skou, Denmark
(shared with P.D. Boyer) |
Chemistry |
1997 |
NINDS |
Stanley
B. Prusiner, U.S.A. Physiology or medicine |
Physiology or medicine |
1997 |
NINDS, NIA, NCRR, NIGMS |
Edward B. Lewis, U.S.A.
(shared with C. Nusslein-Volhard, Germany, and E.F. Wieschaus,
U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1995 |
NICHD, NIGMS |
Eric
F. Wieschaus, U.S.A. (shared with E.B. Lewis, U.S.A., and
C. Nusslein-Volhard, Germany) |
Physiology or medicine |
1995 |
NICHD |
Alfred G. Gilman,
U.S.A. (shared with M. Rodbell, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1994 |
NIGMS, NINDS |
Martin Rodbell, U.S.A. (shared with A.G. Gilman, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1994 |
NIEHS, NIDDK |
George A. Olah, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1994 |
NCI, NIGMS |
Phillip
A. Sharp, U.S.A. (shared with R. Roberts, U.K.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1993 |
NIGMS,
NCI, NIAID, NCRR |
Richard Roberts, U.K.
(shared with P.A. Sharp, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1993 |
NCRR, NLM, NCHGR, NCI, NIGMS |
Robert
W. Fogel, Ph.D. |
Economic Sciences |
1993 |
NIA |
Kary B. Mullis, U.S.A.
(shared with M. Smith, Canada) |
Chemistry |
1993 |
NHBLI, NIAID, NIGMS |
Michael
Smith, Canada (shared with K.B. Mullis, U.S.A.) |
Chemistry |
1993 |
NIGMS |
Edwin G. Krebs, U.S.A
(shared with E.H. Fisher, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1992 |
NIDDK, NIGMS, NIAMS |
Edmond
H. Fisher, U.S.A. (shared with E.G. Krebs, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1992 |
NIDDK, NIGMS, NIAMS |
Gary Becker, U.S.A. |
Economics |
1992 |
NICHD |
Elias
J. Corey, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1990 |
NIGMS, NCRR, NCI, NHLBI,
NIAID |
E. Donnall Thomas,
U.S.A. (shared with J.E. Murray, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1990 |
NCI, NIAID, NIDDK |
Joseph
E. Murray, U.S.A. (shared with E.D. Thomas, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1990 |
NHLBI, NIAID |
Sidney Altman, U.S.A.
(shared with T. Cech, U.S.A.) |
Chemistry |
1989 |
NIGMS, NICHD |
Thomas
Cech, U.S.A. (shared with S. Altman, U.S.A.) |
Chemistry |
1989 |
NIGMS, NCI |
J. Michael Bishop,
U.S.A (shared with H.E. Varmus, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1989 |
NCI |
Harold
E. Varmus, U.S.A. (shared with J.M. Bishop, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1989 |
NCI, NIAID |
Susumu Tonegawa, Japan |
Physiology or medicine |
1987 |
NIAID |
Donald
J. Cram, U.S.A. (shared with C.J. Pederson, U.S.A., and Jean-Marie
Lehn, France) |
Chemistry |
1987 |
NIGMS |
Stanley Cohen, U.S.A.
(shared with R. Levi-Montalcini, U.S.A./Italy) |
Physiology or medicine |
1986 |
NICHD, NIGMS |
Rita
Levi-Montalcini, U.S.A./Italy (shared with S. Cohen, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1986 |
NIMH, NINDS |
Herbert A. Hauptman,
U.S.A. (shared with J. Karle, U.S.A.) |
Chemistry |
1985 |
NIGMS, NIADDK, NHLBI, DRR |
Michael
S. Brown, U.S.A. (shared with J.L. Goldstein, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1985 |
NHLBI, NIGMS, DRR |
Joseph L. Goldstein,
U.S.A. (shared with M.S. Brown, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1985 |
NHLBI, NIGMS, DRR |
R.
Bruce Merrifield, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1984 |
NIDDK |
Henry Taube, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1983 |
NIGMS |
Sune
Bergstrom, Sweden (shared with J. R. Vane, U.K. and B. Samuelsson,
Sweden) |
Physiology or medicine |
1982 |
NHLBI, NLM, NICHD |
John R. Vane, U.K.
(shared with S. Bergstrom and B. Samuelsson, Sweden) |
Physiology or medicine |
1982 |
DRG, NIGMS, NIMH |
Aaron
Klug, U.K. |
Chemistry |
1982 |
NIAID |
Roald Hoffmann, U.S.A.
(shared with K. Fukui, Japan) |
Chemistry |
1981 |
NIGMS |
David
H. Hubel, U.S.A. (shared with T. N. Wiesel, U.S.A./Sweden,
and R. W. Sperry, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1981 |
NEI, NIGMS, NINDS, DRR |
Torsten N. Wiesel,
U.S.A./Sweden (shared with D. H. Hubel and R. W. Sperry,
U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1981 |
NEI, DRR, NINDS |
Paul
Berg, U.S.A. (shared with W. Gilbert, U.S.A., and F. Sanger,
U.K.) |
Chemistry |
1980 |
NIGMS, NCI |
Walter Gilbert, U.S.A.
(shared with P. Berg, U.S.A., and F. Sanger, U.K.) |
Chemistry |
1980 |
NIGMS, NIDDK |
Baruj
Benacerraf, U.S.A. (shared with G. D. Snell, U.S.A., and
J. Dausset, France) |
Physiology or medicine |
1980 |
NIAID, NCI |
George D. Snell, U.S.A.
(shared with B. Benacerraf, U.S.A., and J. Dausset, France) |
Physiology or medicine |
1980 |
NIAID, NCI |
Jean
Dausset, France (shared with B. Benacerraf and G. D. Snell,
U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1980 |
NIAID, NCI |
Herbert C. Brown,
U.S.A. (shared with G. Wittig, W. Germany) |
Chemistry |
1979 |
NIGMS |
Hamilton
O. Smith, U.S.A. (shared with D. Nathans, U.S.A., and W.
Arber, Switzerland) |
Physiology or medicine |
1978 |
NIGMS, NIAID |
Daniel Nathans, U.S.A.
(shared with H. O. Smith, U.S.A., and W. Arber, Switzerland) |
Physiology or medicine |
1978 |
NIGMS, NCI |
Roger
C. L. Guillemin, U.S.A. (shared with A. V. Schally and R.
S. Yalow, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1977 |
NIDDK, NICHD, DRR |
Andrew V. Schally,
U.S.A. (shared with R. C. L. Guillemin and R. S. Yalow, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1977 |
NIDDK, NICHD, NIGMS |
D.
Carleton Gajdusek, U.S.A. (shared with B. S. Blumberg,
U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1976 |
NINDS |
Baruch S. Blumberg,
U.S.A. (shared with D. C. Gajdusek, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1976 |
NHLBI, NCI |
William
N. Lipscomb, U.S.A |
Chemistry |
1976 |
NIGMS, DRG |
David Baltimore, U.S.A.
(shared with R. Dulbecco and H. M. Temin, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1975 |
NIAID, NCI |
Renato
Dulbecco, U.S.A. (shared with D. Baltimore and H. M. Temin,
U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1975 |
NIAID, NCI |
Howard M. Temin, U.S.A.
(shared with D. Baltimore and R. Dulbecco, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1975 |
NCI |
Albert
Claude, Belgium (shared with C. de Duve, Belgium, and G.
E. Palade, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1974 |
NCI |
George E. Palade,
U.S.A. (shared with C. de Duve and A. Claude, Belgium) |
Physiology or medicine |
1974 |
NHLBI, NIGMS |
Christian
de Duve, Belgium (shared with A. Claude, Belgium, and G.
E. Palade, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1974 |
NICHD, NIGMS, NHLBI,
NIA |
Gerald M. Edelman,
U.S.A. (shared with R. R. Porter, U.K.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1972 |
NIDDK, NIAID, NICHD |
Rodney
R. Porter, U.K. (shared with G. M. Edelman, U.S.A.) " 1972
NIAID |
Physiology or medicine |
1972 |
NIAID |
Christian B. Anfinsen, U.S.A. (shared with S. Moore and
W. H. Stein, U.S.A.) |
Chemistry |
1972 |
NHLBI, NIDDK |
Stanford
Moore, U.S.A. (shared with C. B. Anfinsen and W. H. Stein,
U.S.A.) |
Chemistry |
1972 |
NIGMS, NINDS |
William H. Stein,
U.S.A. (shared with C. B. Anfinsen and S. Moore, U.S.A.) |
Chemistry |
1972 |
NIGMS |
Earl
W. Sutherland, Jr., U.S.A |
Physiology or medicine |
1971 |
NIGMS, NHLBI, NIDDK |
Julius Axelrod, U.S.A. (shared with B. Katz, U.K., and U.
von Euler, Sweden) |
Physiology or medicine |
1970 |
NHLBI, NIMH |
Ulf
von Euler, Sweden (shared with J. Axelrod, U.S.A., and B.
Katz, U.K.) |
Chemistry |
1970 |
NINDS |
Luis Leloir, Argentina |
Chemistry |
1970 |
NIGMS, NIAID |
Max
Delbruck, U.S.A. (shared with A. D. Hershey and S. Luria,
U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1969 |
NIGMS |
Alfred D. Hershey,
U.S.A. (shared with M. Delbruck and S. Luria, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1969 |
NIGMS, NCI, NICHD |
Salvador
Luria, U.S.A. (shared with M. Delbruck and A. D. Hershey,
U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1969 |
NIAID, NIGMS, NCI |
Robert W. Holley,
U.S.A. (shared with H. G. Khorana and M. W. Nirenberg, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1968 |
NIGMS, NCI |
H.
Gobind Khorana, U.S.A. (shared with R. W. Holley and M. W.
Nirenberg, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1968 |
NIGMS, NCI, NIAID |
Marshall W. Nirenberg, U.S.A. (shared with R. W. Holley
and H. G. Khorana, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1968 |
NHLBI |
Lars
Onsager, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1968 |
NIGMS |
Haldan K. Hartline,
U.S.A. (shared with G. Wald, U.S.A., and R. Granit, Sweden) |
Physiology or medicine |
1967 |
NINDS, NEI |
George
Wald, U.S.A. (shared with H. K. Hartline, U.S.A., and R.
Granit, Sweden) |
Physiology or medicine |
1967 |
NINDS, NEI |
Charles B. Huggins,
U.S.A. (shared with P. Rous, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1966 |
NCI, NIDDK, NIGMS |
Jacques
L. Monod, France (shared with F. Jacob and A. Lwoff, France) |
Physiology or medicine |
1965 |
NIAID |
Robert B. Woodward,
U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1965 |
NIGMS, NHLBI, DRG, NIDDK |
Konrad
Bloch, U.S.A. (shared with F. Lynen, Germany) |
Physiology or medicine |
1964 |
NIGMS, NHLBI, DRG |
James D. Watson, U.S.A.
(shared with F. H. C. Crick and M. H. F. Wilkins, U.K.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1962 |
NIGMS, NIDDK, NCI, DRR, NIAID |
John
C. Kendrew, U.K. (shared with M. F. Perutz, U.K.) |
Chemistry |
1962 |
NIDDK |
Melvin Calvin, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1961 |
DRG, NCI |
Peter
B. Medawar, U.K. (shared with F. M. Burnet, Australia) |
Physiology or medicine |
1960 |
NIAID |
Arthur Kornberg, U.S.A.
(shared with S. Ochoa, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1959 |
NIGMS, NIAID, NCI, NIDDK, NIA |
Severo
Ochoa, U.S.A. (shared with A. Kornberg, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1959 |
NIDDK, NIGMS, NCI, DRG |
George W. Beadle,
U.S.A. (shared with J. Lederberg and E. L. Tatum, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1958 |
NIGMS, NHLBI |
Joshua
Lederberg, U.S.A. (shared with G. W. Beadle and E. L. Tatum,
U.S.A. |
Physiology or medicine |
1958 |
NIGMS, NIAID, NINDS,
NICHD, DRR, NCI |
Edward L. Tatum, U.S.A.
(shared with G. W. Beadle and J. Lederberg, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1958 |
NIGMS, NCI |
Dickinson
W. Richards, Jr., U.S.A. (shared with A. Cournand, U.S.A.,
and W. Forssmann, Germany) |
Physiology or medicine |
1956 |
NIDDK, NCI, NHLBI, NIGMS |
Vincent du Vigneaud,
U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1955 |
NHLBI, NCI, NIGMS, DRG |
Thomas
H. Weller, U.S.A. (shared with J. F. Enders and F. C. Robbins,
U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1954 |
NIAID, NIGMS |
Linus C. Pauling,
U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1954 |
NIGMS, NHLBI, DRG, NIAID, NCI |
Fritz
A. Lipmann, U.S.A. (shared with H. A. Krebs, U.K.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1953 |
NIGMS, NCI |
Philip S. Hench, U.S.A.
(shared with E. C. Kendall, U.S.A., and T. Reichstein, Switzerland) |
Physiology or medicine |
1950 |
NIGMS |
E.
O. Lawrence, U.S.A. |
Physics |
1939 |
NCI |
NIH Scientists
1968 - Dr. Marshall W. Nirenberg,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, shared the Nobel Prize
in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the key to deciphering
the genetic code. Dr. Nirenberg and two other researchers, working
independently, with whom he shared the prize, made major advances
in understanding the chemical mechanisms by which genetic language
or information is translated into various proteins that determine
the nature and characteristics of all living things. Dr. Nirenberg
was the first NIH Nobelist and also the first Federal employee
to receive a Nobel Prize.
1970 - Dr. Julius Axelrod, National
Institute of Mental Health, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology
or Medicine with two scientists from England and Sweden for independent
research into the chemistry of nerve transmission. The three were
cited for their "discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters
in the nerve terminals and the mechanisms for their storage, release
and inactivation." Specifically, Dr. Axelrod found an enzyme that
terminates the action of the nerve transmitter, noradrenaline.
He also demonstrated that some antidepressant drugs act by preventing
the reuptake of noradrenaline and thus prolong its action in the
brain.
1972 - Dr. Christian B. Anfinsen (formerly
with the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive
Diseases) won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work "on ribonuclease,
especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence
and the biologically active conformation." Dr. Anfinsen provided
the first clue to the structure of ribonuclease by demonstrating
that it is comprised of a single polypeptide chain. He and his
colleagues at Rockefeller University (with whom he shared the prize)
demonstrated that the information required to fold the polypeptide
chain of ribonuclease into the specific three-dimensional form
of the active enzyme resides in the sequence of amino acids. Therefore,
it became clear that this protein could be synthesized in the laboratory
by joining the proper amino acids in the correct order and then
allowing the chain of amino acids to fold spontaneously. This led
to the first synthesis of an enzyme from chemicals in the laboratory.
Such studies are basic to an understanding of normal life processes
as well as of inherited metabolic diseases.
1976 - Dr. D. Carleton Gajdusek,
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, shared
the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Dr. Baruch S. Blumberg,
of the Institute for Cancer Research in Philadelphia. They won
the award for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the
origin and dissemination of infectious diseases. Dr. Blumberg was
at NIH (with the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic
Diseases) in the 1960s, and did part of his prizewinning research
at NIH.
1994 - Dr. Martin Rodbell, National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, shared the Nobel Prize
in Physiology or Medicine with Dr. G. Alfred Gilman of the University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Rodbell
dis- covered in 1970 that signal transmission requires a cellular
molecule called GTP. In 1977 Dr. Gillman identified the proteins
to which GTP binds and named them "G proteins." They are a family
of proteins bound to the cell surface membranes that serve as intermediaries
between incoming signals and cellular proteins that respond to
these signals. Dr. Rodbell conducted this research while an intramural
scientist with the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic
Diseases (now NIDDK).
This page was last reviewed on
January 29, 2009
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