Geologic Field Tests

Field Test Title

Amount of CO₂ Injected
(tons)

Formation Type

Well Depth
(feet)

CO₂ Source

Test Location

Basalt and Mafic Rock Field Validation Test

3,000

Basalt-Saline

3,255– 3,335 and  3,600– 3,755

Commercial (Refinery in Bremerton, Washington)

Columbia River  Basalt Group, Hanford Site, Eastern Washington

Field Test Title

Area

Land Use Type

Storage Potential

Objective

Cropland Field Validation Test

“Golden Triangle” region of north central Montana (towns of Havre, Great Falls, and Conrad)

Agriculture

60 Mt over 20 years

Objectives: (1) quantify and determine cropland management practices to optimize carbon sequestration; (2) develop MMV protocols to evaluate carbon sequestration for enrolled farms.

Rangeland Sequestration Potential Assessment

2 sites in the northern mixed-grass prairie of Wyoming

Rangeland

30 Mt over 10 years

Determine sequestration effects of: (1) grazing intensity and seasonality of grazing on native northern mixed grass prairie; (2) improvement practices on degraded northern mixed-grass prairie.

Forestry Field Validation Test

Region-wide

Forest

640–1,040 Mt over 80 years

Identify strategies for maintaining or increasing sequestration in forests through understanding the effects of forest management on different carbon pools in forests.

Field Test Title

Amount of CO₂ Injected
(tons)

Formation Type

Well Depth (feet)

CO₂ Source

Test Location

Saline Formation Test

10,000

Saline

7,000–8,600

Air Liquide

Cambrian-age Mt. Simon Sandstone – Louden and Mattoon oil fields, Coles and Fayette Counties, Illinois

Enhanced Oil Recovery Test
(Huff ‘n Puff)

300

Oil Bearing

1,550

Air Liquide

Louden Field in Fayette County, Illinois

Enhanced Oil Recovery Test
(Well Conversion)

300

Oil Bearing

1,549

Air Liquide

Illinois Basin, TBD

Enhanced Oil Recovery Test
(Pattern Flood I)

300

Oil Bearing

1,548

Air Liquide

Illinois Basin, TBD

Enhanced Oil Recovery
Test
(Pattern Flood II)

300

Oil Bearing

1,551

Air Liquide

Illinois Basin, TBD

Enhanced Coalbed Methane  Test

750

Coal

1,000

Air Liquide

Illinois Basin (Pennsylvanian Carbondale formation), Southeast Illinois

Field Test Title

Amount of CO₂ Injected
(tons)

Formation Type

Well Depth
(feet)

CO₂ Source

Test Location

Appalachian Basin Geologic  Test

1,000–3,000

Saline

5,900–8,300

Powerspan ECO₂ System (tentative)

FirstEnergy’s R.E. Burger Plant, Shadyside, Ohio

Cincinnati Arch Geologic  Test

1,000–3,000

Saline

3,200–3,500

Babcock and Wilcox oxy-coal combustion system in SE Ohio (tentative)

Duke Energy East Bend Plant, Rabbit Hash, Kentucky

Michigan Basin Geologic Test

3,000–20,000

Saline

3,200–3,500

DTE Turtle Lake Gas Processing Plant

Charlton 30/31 field in Otsego  County,  Michigan

Field Test Title

Area

Land Use Type

Storage Potential

Objective

Terrestrial Sequestration Field Test: Croplands

Region-wide

Agriculture

250 Mt over 20 years

Demonstrating carbon sequestration on existing farm lands. Determine rate of sequestration and potential for different tillage practices to increase storage.

Terrestrial Sequestration Field Test: Minelands

Region-wide

Mineland

100 Mt over 20 years

Demonstrating carbon sequestration in reclaimed mine soils. Determine reclamation and land management practices that increase storage.

Terrestrial Field Test: Wetland-Blackwater Refuge

Blackwater  National Wildlife Refuge, Cambridge, Maryland

Wetland

TBD

Estimate carbon sequestration rates in restored marshes over time, evaluate the extent to which various management practices influence this process, and develop a sampling protocol for CO₂ validation in restored marshes.

Field Test Title

Amount of CO₂ Injected
(tons)

Formation Type

Well  Depth
(feet)

CO₂ Source

Test  Location

Lignite in North Dakota Field  Validation Test

<1,000

Coal

1,600–1,800

Commercial (TBD)

Fort Union Coals, Williston Basin, Burke County, North Dakota

Zama Field  Validation Test

250,000CO₂ w/90,000 H2S

Oil Bearing

5,000

Zama Gas  Processing Plant

Keg River Formation, Zama Oil Field of Alberta, Canada

Beaver Lodge EOR  Field Test

5,000

Oil  Bearing

10,000–10,500

Great Plains Synfuels Plant or Tioga Gas Processing Plant

Duperow Formation, Beaver Lodge Oil Field, Williams County, North Dakota

Field Test Title

Area

Land  Use  Type

Storage Potential

Objective

Terrestrial Field Validation Test

Great Plains Wetlands Complex (Prairie Pothole Region)

Wetland

14.4 Mt

Sequestration demonstration in wetlands/grasslands that will provide carbon offsets, develop protocols and standards, and provide a market-based carbon sequestration strategy.

Field Test Title

Amount of CO₂  Injected
(tons)

Formation Type

Well Depth
(feet)

CO₂  Source

Test Location

Gulf Coast Stacked Storage Test

800,000+

Oil Bearing

10,066

Jackson  Dome

Gulf Coast Mesozoic/Cenozoic – lower Tuscaloosa, Cranfield Site, Adams County, Mississippi

30,000

Saline

10,300

Central Appalachian Basin Coal Test

1,000

Coal

1,600–2,300

Jackson  Dome

Central Appalachian Basin Pocahontas and Lee Formations,  Buchanan, Dickenson, or Russell counties Virginia

Black Warrior Basin Coal  Test

1,000

Coal

1,500– 2,500

Jackson Dome

Black Creek, Mary Lee, and Pratt coal zones of the Pennsylvanian-age Pottsville Formation, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama

Saline Reservoir Field Test: The Mississippi Test Site

3,000

Saline

8,600

Jackson Dome

Lower Tuscaloosa Massive Sand Unit, Plant Daniel, near Escatawpa, Jackson County, Mississippi

Field Test Title

Amount of CO₂ Injected
(tons)

Formation Type

Well Depth
(feet)

CO₂ Source

Test  Location

Paradox Basin, Utah: Aneth EOR-Sequestration and Deep Saline Tests

450,000–750,000

Oil Bearing

5,600–5,800

McElmo Dome

Aneth Oil Field in San Juan County, Bluff, Utah

20,000

Saline

6,900

Permian Basin, Texas: SACROC-Claytonville EOR Sequestration Test

900,000

Oil Bearing

5,800

McElmo Dome

Claytonville Field, Snyder, Texas

San Juan Basin, New Mexico: Enhanced Coalbed Methane (ECBM) Sequestration Test

75,000

Coal

3,000

McElmo Dome

San Juan Basin Coal Fairway, Navajo City, New Mexico

Field Test Title

Area

Land Use Type

Storage Potential

Objective

Southwest Regional Terrestrial Pilot Test

Region-wide

Multiple

TBD

Develop a carbon reporting and monitoring system that functions consistently across hierarchical scales and is compatible with the existing technology underlying the 1605b reporting system. Project will develop improved technologies and systems for direct measurement.

Terrestrial Riparian Restoration Project

San Juan Basin Coal Fairway (Navajo City, New Mexico)

Riparian

TBD

Desalinate produced water from the ECBM pilot and use the water for irrigating a riparian restoration project. Reintroducing woody plant species along riparian areas and reestablishing native grasses and shrubs in upland areas. Project represents a combined ECBM-terrestrial sequestration project.

Field Test Title

Amount  of CO₂  Injected
(tons)

Formation Type

Well Depth
(feet)

CO₂ Source

Test Location

Rosetta Resources  Gas Reservoir and  Saline Formation  CO₂ Storage Project

500

Gas-Bearing

3,050

Commercial (TBD)

Thornton Gas Reservoir Sacramento Valley, Thornton, California

1,000

Saline

3,400–3,500

Northern Arizona  Saline Formation  CO₂ Storage Pilot

2,000

Saline

5,000

Commercial (TBD)

Colorado Plateau, Northern Arizona

Field Test Title

Area

Land Use Type

Storage  Potential

Objective

Shasta County Terrestrial Sequestration Project

Shasta County,  California

Rangeland

4,600 Mt over 80 years

Validation of forest growth potential for rangelands; Change in forest management; Fuels management to reduce risk of uncharacteristically severe wildfire and prevent emissions.

Lake County Terrestrial Sequestration Project

Lake County, Oregon

Rangeland

900 Mt over 80 years

Validation of forest growth potential for rangelands; Fuels management to reduce risk of uncharacteristically severe wildfire and prevent emissions