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Languages
and Substance Abuse Treatment
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The
DASIS Report: American Indian and Alaska Native Substance Abuse
Treatment Services: 2004
Of
the 13,454 facilities that reported in 2004 to SAMHSA's National Survey
of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS), 283 served the American
Indian and Alaska Native population specifically and were operated either
by a Tribal Government (172 facilities), the Indian Health Services (34
facilities), or another type of public/private organization (77 facilities)
that offered substance abuse treatment services in an American Indian
or Alaska Native language. Of the 32 States with at least one substance
abuse treatment facility that specifically served American Indian or Alaska
Native clients, most were in the Midwest and West: Arizona (36 facilities),
New Mexico (30 facilities), California (26 facilities), Washington (24
facilities), Oklahoma (23 facilities), Alaska (21 facilities), Wisconsin
(16 facilities), Michigan (15 facilities), and Oregon (12 facilities).
Substance abuse
treatment facilities that specifically served American Indian or Alaska
Native clients were more likely than other substance abuse treatment
facilities to offer aftercare counseling (91% vs. 78%) and family counseling
(85% vs. 76%). Substance abuse treatment facilities that specifically
served American Indian or Alaska Native clients were less likely
than other substance abuse treatment facilities to offer specially designed
programs for criminal justice clients (24% vs. 31%).
The DASIS
Report: Facilities Providing Substance Abuse Treatment
in Languages Other than English Of
the 13,428 facilities reporting to SAMHSA's National Survey of Substance
Abuse Treatment Services, 70 percent were only English-speaking,
24 percent were Spanish-speaking, 3 percent spoke other languages, and
3 percent were multilingual speaking substance abuse treatment facilities.
To locate a substance abuse treatment facility
with the language of interest, click on Substance
Abuse Treatment Facility Locator, locate your city/town of interest,
and check on the "special language services" indicated
for the facilities listed for your search.
SAMHSA's
substance abuse treatment facility locator identifies language
assistance available by one or more facilities. The locator lists
52 different American Indian and Alaska Native languages and 78 other
languages. Other languages include Cantonese, Farsi, Hawaiian, Hmong,
Korean, Palauan, Swahili, Thai, and Vietnamese. Hard copies of the
National Directory of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Programs are available
as well as the web version.
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All Reports
on Racial and/or Ethnic Groups
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See SAMHSA's OAS reports listed below.
Also, many of the OAS reports provide data by racial and ethnic groups,
even when that is not the primary emphasis of the report. Therefore,
check the short reports list and OAS
topics for the topic of interest to see further data by racial and
ethnic groups. Also see Health
Statistics for Racial & Ethnic Groups, DHHS
African Americans/Blacks:
- The
DASIS Report: Veterans in Substance Abuse Treatment:
1995-2000 Based on SAMHSA's
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), in 2000, the number of veterans admitted
to substance abuse treatment exceeded 55,000 admissions; 3,000 of these
were female veterans. In all years between 1995 and 2000, female
veteran admissions had higher proportions of Blacks than did male veteran
admissions.
Also See: All
reports with data on racial/ethnic groups
American Indians/Alaska Natives:
SAMHSA's
substance abuse treatment facility locator identifies language
assistance available by one or more facilities. The locator lists
52 different American Indian and Alaska Native languages (such as Aleut,
Apache, Chippewa, Dakota, Hopi, Lakota, Lumbee, Navajo, Ojibwa, Pima,
Seneca, Ute, and Zuni) as well as 78 other languages. Hard copies
of the National Directory of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Programs
are available as well as the web version.
Also See:
All
reports with data on racial/ethnic groups
Asian/Pacific
Islanders:
SAMHSA's
substance abuse treatment facility locator
identifies language assistance available by one or more facilities.
The locator lists 52 different American Indian and Alaska Native languages
and 78 other languages. Other languages include Cantonese, Chinese,
Hawaiian, Japanese, Korean, Palauan, Samoan, Tongan and Vietnamese.
Hard copies of the National Directory of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment
Programs are available as well as the web version.
Also See:
All reports
with data on racial/ethnic groups
Hispanics/Latinos:
Spanish Language
Materials, Information on Various Population Groups, & Related Materials
SAMHSA's
substance abuse treatment facility locator identifies
language assistance available by one or more facilities. The locator
lists 52 different American Indian and Alaska Native languages and 78
other languages. Other languages include Spanish. Hard copies
of the National Directory of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment Programs
are available as well as the web version.
Also See:
All reports
with data on racial/ethnic groups
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Treatment
Reports - - Characteristics of admissions to treatment
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- The
DASIS Report:
Hispanic Female Admissions in Substance Abuse Treatment, 2005
Female
Hispanic admissions comprise about 10% (61,000 admissions) of the female
substance abuse treatment admissions reported to SAMHSA's 2005 Treatment
Episode Data Set (TEDS). Among female Hispanic admissions in TEDS, 41%
were of Mexican origin, 24% were Puerto Rican, 4% were Cuban, and 31%
were of other Hispanic origin. Hispanic female admissions were less likely
than nonHispanic female substance abuse treatment admissions to report
alcohol as their primary drug of abuse (23% vs. 32%). Hispanic female
admissions were more likely than nonHispanic female admissions to substance
abuse treatment to report stimulants as their primary drug of abuse
(21% vs. 12%). The primary drug of abuse differed among the Hispanic
origin groups of female admissions: Puerto Ricans (43%) and Cubans (29%)
were more likely to report opiates, Mexicans (35%) were more likely
to report stimulants, and other Hispanic origins (23%) were more likely
to report alcohol as their primary drug of abuse. The average age at
admission also varied among the Hispanic groups of female admissions
in SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS).
- The
DASIS Report: American Indian and Alaska Native Substance Abuse
Treatment Services: 2004
Of
the 13,454 facilities that reported in 2004 to SAMHSA's National Survey
of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS), 283 served the American
Indian and Alaska Native population specifically and were operated either
by a Tribal Government (172 facilities), the Indian Health Services
(34 facilities), or another type of public/private organization (77
facilities) that offered substance abuse treatment services in an American
Indian or Alaska Native language. Of the 32 States with at least one
substance abuse treatment facility that specifically served American
Indian or Alaska Native clients, most were in the Midwest and West:
Arizona (36 facilities), New Mexico (30 facilities), California (26
facilities), Washington (24 facilities), Oklahoma (23 facilities), Alaska
(21 facilities), Wisconsin (16 facilities), Michigan (15 facilities),
and Oregon (12 facilities).
Substance abuse treatment
facilities that specifically served American Indian or Alaska Native
clients were more likely than other substance abuse treatment
facilities to offer aftercare counseling (91% vs. 78%) and family counseling
(85% vs. 76%). Substance abuse treatment facilities that specifically
served American Indian or Alaska Native clients were less likely
than other substance abuse treatment facilities to offer specially designed
programs for criminal justice clients (24% vs. 31%.
- The
DASIS Report:
Hispanics in Substance Abuse Treatment, 2003
Based on SAMHSA's
2003 Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), Hispanic admissions were more
likely to report opiate abuse than non-Hispanic admissions (28% vs.
16%). A
greater proportion of Hispanic admissions were male (78%) than non-Hispanic
admissions (68%). Puerto
Rican admissions most frequently reported opiates as the primary substance
of abuse, while other Hispanic admissions most frequently reported alcohol
as the primary substance of abuse.
- The
DASIS Report: Substance Abuse Treatment among Asians and Pacific
Islanders: 2002 About
16,700 Asian and Pacific Islander substance abuse treatment admissions
were reported to SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) in 2002.
More than half of the Asian and Pacific Islander substance abuse treatment
admissions were in California and Hawaii.
Asian and Pacific
Islander substance abuse treatment admissions were more likely than
all other admissions to go into treatment for either marijuana or methamphetamine/
amphetamines and less likely to report alcohol, cocaine, heroin or other
opiates as their primary substance of abuse. Among primary methamphetamine/amphetamine
admissions, Asian and Pacific Islanders were more likely to report smoking
methamphetamine/amphetamine (84%) than all other substance abuse treatment
admissions (49%) and less likely to use other routes of administration.
Asian and Pacific
Islander substance abuse treatment admissions were much less likely
to have health insurance (38%) than all other substance abuse treatment
admissions (61%).
- The DASIS
Report: Characteristics of Primary Alcohol Admissions by Age
of First Use of Alcohol: 2002 Of
the 683,000 primary alcohol admissions aged 21 or older admitted to
treatment and
reported to SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) in 2002, more
than one third reported their age of first alcohol intoxication as between
15 and 17 years old. In TEDS age of first use of alcohol is defined
as the age of first intoxication. Primary alcohol admissions with an
age of first alcohol use prior to age 12 were more likely than all other
age groups to have had five or more prior treatment episodes. Among
primary alcohol admissions aged 21 or older, the average age of first
alcohol use for males was 16.7 years old and for females 18.0 years
old. The average age of first alcohol use varied greatly by racial and
ethnic group with American Indian / Alaska Native primary alcohol admissions
starting at the earliest age (mean age 15.1 years old), followed by
White (mean age 16.6 years old), Black (mean age 17.2 years old), and
Asian/ Pacific Islander admissions (mean age 17.9 years old). Hispanic
primary alcohol admissions reported the latest age of first alcohol
use: 19.7 years old.
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The DASIS Report: Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions Among
American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2002
In 2002, SAMHSA's
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) received reports of 39,463 American
Indian / Alaska Native substance abuse treatment admissions. Of these
admissions, 34,324 (87%) were American Indians and 5,139 (13%) were
Alaska Natives. The percentage of American Indian or Alaska Native admissions
entering treatment for illicit drugs increased from 23.6% of all American
Indian or Alaska Native admissions in 1994 to 37.1% of all such American
Indian or Alaska Native admissions in 2002. In 2002, alcohol remained
the primary substance of abuse for American Indian / Alaska Native substance
abuse treatment admissions. American Indian or Alaska Native admissions
were more likely to report alcohol as their primary substance of abuse
than all other admissions (63% vs. 42%) and less likely to report opiates
(8% vs. 18%) or cocaine (13% vs. 5%) than all other admissions. American
Indian / Alaska Native substance abuse treatment admissions were more
likely to initiate substance use at age 14 or younger (46% vs. 32%)
compared with all other racial / ethnic groups
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The DASIS Report: Characteristics of Primary Phencyclidine (PCP)
Admissions: 2001. Phencyclidine (PCP)
was reported as the primary substance of abuse for about 3,100 substance
abuse treatment admissions reported in 2001 to SAMHSA's Treatment Episode
Data Set (TEDS). The average age of primary PCP admissions was younger
than that of all other substance abuse treatment admissions: 28 years
of age for primary PCP admissions vs. 34 years for all other substance
abuse treatment admissions. Primary PCP admissions were more likely
than all other substance abuse treatment admissions to be Black (49%
vs. 24%) or Hispanic (26% vs. 12%).
- The DASIS Report: Treatment
Admissions for Injection of Multiple Drugs: 2000
Treatment admissions
by racial and ethnic groups differed in the types of multiple drugs
injected. Among those injecting more than one drug, Black
(94%), Hispanic (90%), and Asian (82%) admissions were more likely to
report injecting both heroin and cocaine than White (65%) and American
Indian/Alaska Native (54%) admissions.
- The
DASIS Report: Veterans in Substance Abuse Treatment:
1995-2000
Based on SAMHSA's Treatment
Episode Data Set (TEDS), in 2000, the number of veterans admitted to
substance abuse treatment exceeded 55,000 admissions; 3,000 of these
were female veterans. In all years between 1995 and 2000, female
veteran admissions had higher proportions of Blacks than did male veteran
admissions.
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The DASIS Report: Women in Treatment for Smoked
Cocaine: 2000
SAMHSA's 2000 Treatment
Episode Data Set (TEDS) indicates that more than a decade after the
introduction of smoked cocaine (crack), 14 percent of all adult female
admissions to substance abuse treatment were for the primary use of
crack cocaine. The average length of crack use was 12 years prior
to admission. About 58 percent of the adult female admissions
for crack were Black, 32 percent were white and 5 percent were Hispanic.
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The DASIS Report: Characteristics of Homeless Admissions
to Substance Abuse Treatment
According to SAMHSA's
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), more than 120,000 admissions to substance
abuse treatment in 2000 were homeless at time of admission. Admissions
who were homeless were more likely to be veterans and were older (average
age 38 years) than admissions who were not homeless (age 33).
Among the homeless: whites were most likely to be admitted for
alcohol (61%) and opiates (17%); Blacks for alcohol (37%), smoked cocaine
(37%), and opiates (15%); Hispanics for alcohol (48%) and opiates (33%);
American Indians/Alaska Natives for alcohol (80%); and Asian/Pacific
Islanders for alcohol (45%), stimulants (21%), and opiates (13%).
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The
DASIS Report: American Indian / Alaska Native Treatment
Admissions in Rural & Urban Areas: 2000
Regardless of
level of urbanization, alcohol was the leading substance of abuse for
American Indian / Alaska Native treatment admissions. American
Indian / Alaska Native treatment admissions in non-metro areas without
a city were less likely than other metropolitan areas to have opiates,
cocaine, or stimulants as their primary substance of abuse. Opiates
were the primary substance of abuse among American Indian / Alaska Native
substance abuse treatment admissions in large metropolitan areas.
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The DASIS Report: Adult Marijuana Treatment
Admissions by Race and Ethnicity, 2000
In 2000, among the 1.5 million adult substance abuse admissions (age
18 or older), 154,400 were admitted as primary marijuana abusers.
A majority of these adult marijuana admissions were White (54 percent),
followed by Black (30 percent), Hispanic (9 percent), American Indian/Alaska
Native (2 percent), and Asian/Pacific Islander (1 percent).
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Prevalence
& Correlates
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- The
NSDUH Report: Cigarette Use Among Blacks, 2005 and 2006
Based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use & Health, 24.4% of Blacks
aged 12 or older were current smokers, that is, smoked cigarettes in
the past month.
Among
Blacks who were current smokers, 80.4% smoked menthol cigarettes. Black
females were more likely to smoke menthol cigarettes than males (84.3%
vs. 77.1%).
An
annual average of 263,000 Blacks smoked cigarettes for the first time
in the 12 months before the survey in 2005 or 2006. Among those who
had not smoked cigarettes previously, Black youths aged 16-17 (7.7%)
were most likely to begin smoking and Black adults aged 35 or older
(0.1%) were least likely to start smoking cigarettes.
- The
NSDUH Report: Illicit Drug Use by Race/Ethnicity in Metropolitan
and Non-Metropolitan Counties: 2004 and 2005
SAMHSA's
National Survey of Drug Use and Health provides data on past month use
of the following: any illicit drug, marijuana, and nonmedical use of
prescription type drugs by race/ethnicity. This report also presents
these by metropolitan status.
Among whites and
Hispanics: past month use of any illicit drug, marijuana, or nonmedical
prescription drugs was lowest in non metropolitan areas than in any
other area.
Among blacks: past
month use of any illicit drug or marijuana was lowest in non metropolitan
areas than in any other area but nonmedical prescription drug use was
highest in non metropolitan areas.
Among American
Indians/Alaska Natives: past month use of any illicit drug or nonmedical
prescription drug use was lowest in large metropolitan areas than in
any other area but marijuana use was lowest in non metropolitan areas.
- The
NSDUH Report: Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders
among American Indians and Alaska Natives Data
from SAMHSA's 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 National Surveys on Drug Use
and Health were combined to calculate annual averages in order to make
reliable estimates comparing substance use and substance use disorders
by American Indians and Alaska Natives with substance use and substance
disorders by the overall group of persons from other racial backgrounds. Rates
of past year use disorders were higher among American Indians and Alaska
Natives than members of other racial groups for alcohol, illicit drug
use, marijuana, cocaine, and hallucinogen use disorders. Although
in the past year, American Indians and Alaska Natives were less likely
than persons of other racial backgrounds to have used alcohol (60.8%
vs. 65.8%), they were more likely to have an alcohol use disorder
(10.7% vs. 7.6%). For illicit drug use, however, in the past
year, American Indians and Alaska Natives were more likely than persons
of other racial backgrounds both to have used an illicit drug
(18.4% vs. 14.6%) and to have an illicit drug use disorder (5.0% vs.
2.9%).
- The NSDUH
Report: Past Month Cigarette Use Among Racial and Ethnic Groups
Data from SAMHSA's
2002-2004 National Surveys on Drug Use & Health were pooled to examine
rates of cigarette smoking among various racial and ethnic groups. Rates
of past month cigarette smoking among persons aged 12 or older were
highest among American Indians or Alaska Natives (34.8%) and persons
of two or more races (34.6%). Past month cigarette smoking was lowest
among Asians (13.4%). Among Asians, the rate of past month cigarette
smoking was highest among Koreans (24.9%) and lowest among Chinese (7.5%).
Among Hispanic past month smokers, Puerto Ricans and Cubans were more
likely to report daily cigarette smoking than Central or South Americans
or Mexicans.
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The NSDUH Report: Substance
Use among Hispanic Youths Based on SAMHSA's National
Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) in 2002 and 2003, Hispanic youths
aged 12 to 17 were less likely to report past month alcohol use and
past month marijuana use than non-Hispanic youths. Among Hispanic youths,
Cuban youths had the highest rates of past month alcohol use while Puerto
Rican youths had the highest rates of past month illicit drug use. Hispanic
youths who were born in the United States were more likely to have used
illicit drugs in the past month than Hispanic youths born outside the
United States.
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The NSDUH
Report:
Risk & Protective Factors for Substance Use Among American Indian
or Alaska Native Youths SAMHSA's 2002/2003
National Survey on Drug Use and Health provided data on three categories
of risk factors for substance use among American Indian or Alaska Native
youths: individual/peers, family, and school. American Indian or Alaska
Native youths were more likely than other youths to perceive
moderate to no risk associated with substance use, to perceive their
parents as not strongly disapproving of their substance use, and to
believe that all or most of the students in their school get drunk at
least once a week. According to American Indian or Alaska Native youths,
their parents were about as likely as those of other youths to talk
to their child about dangers of substance use, to let the youth know
they had done a good job, to tell their youth that they were proud of
something they had done, to make their youth do chores around the house
or to limit the amount of time watching TV. However, parents of American
Indian or Alaska Native youths were less likely to provide help with
school homework or to limit the time out with friends on school nights.
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The NSDUH Report: How Youths Obtain Marijuana
SAMHSA's National Survey
on Drug Use and Health found that, in 2002, over 60 percent of youths
aged 12 to 17 who had used marijuana in the past year obtained their
most recently used marijuana for free or shared someone else's marijuana.
Among youths who obtained marijuana for free or shared it, blacks (18
percent) were more likely than whites (9 percent) or Hispanics (7 percent)
to have obtained it from a relative or family member. Among youths who
bought their most recently used marijuana, white youths (9 percent)
were more likely than black youths (4 percent) to have purchased it
inside a school building.
- The NSDUH Report:
Pregnancy and Substance Use
In 2002, 3 percent
of pregnant women aged 15 to 44 used illicit drugs in the past month,
3 percent reported binge alcohol use, and 17 percent reported smoking
cigarettes in the past month. Among pregnant women aged 15 to 44, whites
were more likely to have smoked cigarettes in the past month than blacks
or Hispanics.
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The NSDUH Report: Quantity
and Frequency of Alcohol Use SAMHSA's 2002 National
Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) examined the number of days, average
number of drinks per day, and driving under the influence of alcohol
among current drinkers. Whites drank on more days in the past
month (9 days) than American Indians/Alaska Natives (7.3 days), Blacks
(7.2 days), Hispanics (6.5 days) or Asians (5.5 days). However,
American Indians/Alaska Natives (5.9 drinks) and Hispanics (4 drinks)
averaged more drinks per day of use than Whites (2.9 drinks) Blacks
(2.9 drinks), or Asians (2.5 drinks).
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The NHSDA Report: Racial and
Ethnic Differences in Youth Hallucinogen Use
Based on SAMHSA's National
Household Survey on Drug Abuse, in 2001 almost 1.4 million youth aged
12 to 17 had used hallucinogens at least once in their lifetime.
Among youth, Blacks were less likely than whites, Asians, or
Hispanics to have used any hallucinogen in their lifetime. Blacks
and Hispanics were more likely than whites and Asians to perceive great
risk in trying LSD once or twice.
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The NHSDA Report: School Experiences and Substance
Use Among Youths Asian, black, and Hispanic
youths were more likely than white youths to have a positive attitude
toward school. Students
aged 12 to 17 with positive school experiences were less likely to have
used alcohol or illicit drugs in the past year than students without
these positive school experiences. The youth with positive school
experiences were those who enjoyed going to school, who felt that their
assigned schoolwork was meaningful, or who felt that the things they
learned in school were going to be important later in life. Also,
the rates of past year alcohol and illicit drug use were lower for youths
who had seen or heard drug or alcohol prevention messages at school
in the past year than youths who had NOT seen or heard drug or alcohol
prevention messages at school.
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The NHSDA Report: Risk of Suicide Among
Hispanic Females Aged 12 to 17
In
2000, Hispanic females aged 12 to 17 were at higher risk for suicide
than other youths. Only 32 percent of Hispanic female youths at
risk for suicide during the past year, however, received mental health
treatment during this same time period. Hispanic female youths
born in the United States were at higher risk than Hispanic female youths
born outside the United States. But rates of suicide risk were
similar among Hispanic female youths across regions and ethnic subgroups
(e.g., Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central or South American and Cuban).
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