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Educational and Community-Based Programs

Goal

Introduction

Modifications to Objectives and Subobjectives

Progress Toward Healthy People 2010 Targets

Progress Toward Elimination of Health Disparities

Opportunities and Challenges

Emerging Issues

Progress Quotient Chart

Disparities Table (See below)

Race and Ethnicity

Gender and Education

Income, Location, and Disability

Objectives and Subobjectives

References

Related Objectives From Other Focus Areas

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Midcourse Review Healthy People 2010 logo
Educational and Community-Based Programs Focus Area 7

Objectives and Subobjectives



Goal: Increase the quality, availability, and effectiveness of educational and community-based programs designed to prevent disease and improve health and quality of life.

As a result of the Healthy People 2010 Midcourse Review, changes were made to the Healthy People 2010 objectives and subobjectives. These changes are specific to the following situations:

  • Changes in the wording of an objective to more accurately describe what is being measured.
  • Changes to reflect a different data source or new science.
  • Changes resulting from the establishment of a baseline and a target (that is, when a formerly developmental objective or subobjective became measurable).
  • Deletion of an objective or subobjective that lacked a data source.
  • Correction of errors and omissions in Healthy People 2010.

Revised baselines and targets for measurable objectives and subobjectives do not fall into any of the above categories and, thus, are not considered a midcourse review change.1

When changes were made to an objective, three sections are displayed:

  1. In the Original Objective section, the objective as published in Healthy People 2010 in 2000 is shown.
  2. In the Objective With Revisions section, strikethrough indicates text deleted, and underlining is used to show new text.
  3. In the Revised Objective section, the objective appears as revised as a result of the midcourse review.

Details of the objectives and subobjectives in this focus area, including any changes made at the midcourse, appear on the following pages.

1See Technical Appendix for more information on baseline and target revisions.


School Setting



NO CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
7-1. Increase high school completion.

Target: 90 percent.

Baseline: 85 percent of persons aged 18 to 24 years had completed high school in 1998.

Target setting method: Consistent with National Education Goals Panel—Goals 2000.

Data source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.



NO CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
7-2. Increase the proportion of middle, junior high, and senior high schools that provide school health education to prevent health problems in the following areas: unintentional injury; violence; suicide; tobacco use and addiction; alcohol and other drug use; unintended pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, and STD infection; unhealthy dietary patterns; inadequate physical activity; and environmental health.

Target and baseline:
Objective Middle, Junior High, and Senior High Schools Providing School Health Education in Priority Areas
1994 Baseline

Percent
2010 Target

Percent
7-2a.
All components
28
70
Individual components to prevent health problems in the following areas:
7-2b.
Unintentional injury
66
90
7-2c.
Violence
58
80
7-2d.
Suicide
58
80
7-2e.
Tobacco use and addiction
86
95
7-2f.
Alcohol and other drug use
90
95
7-2g.
Unintended pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, and STD infection
65
90
7-2h.
Unhealthy dietary patterns
84
95
7-2i.
Inadequate physical activity
78
90
7-2j.
Environmental health
60
80

Target setting method: 150 percent improvement for 7-2a; percentage improvement varies for individual components 7-2b through 7-2j.

Data source: School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS), CDC, NCCDPHP.




NO CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
7-3. Increase the proportion of college and university students who receive information from their institution on each of the six priority health-risk behavior areas.

Target: 25 percent.

Baseline: 6 percent of undergraduate students received information from their college or university on all six topics in 1995: injuries (intentional and unintentional), tobacco use, alcohol and illicit drug use, sexual behaviors that cause unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases, dietary patterns that cause disease, and inadequate physical activity.

Target setting method: Better than the best.

Data source: National College Health Risk Behavior Survey, CDC, NCCDPHP.



ORIGINAL OBJECTIVE
7-4. Increase the proportion of the Nation’s elementary, middle, junior high, and senior high schools that have a nurse-to-student ratio of at least 1:750.

Target and baseline:
Objective Increase in Schools With Nurse-to-Student Ratio of at Least 1:750
1994 Baseline

Percent
2010 Target

Percent
7-4a. All middle, junior high, and senior high schools
28
50
7-4b. Senior high schools
26
50
7-4c. Middle and junior high schools
32
50
7-4d. Elementary schools
Developmental
Developmental


Target setting method:
79 percent improvement for 7-4a (all schools combined); percentage improvement varies for individual components 7-4b and 7-4c.

Data source: School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS), CDC, NCCDPHP. Data for elementary schools are developmental.

OBJECTIVE WITH REVISIONS
7-4. Increase the proportion of the Nation’s elementary, middle, junior high, and senior high schools that have a nurse-to-student ratio of at least 1:750.

Target and baseline:
Objective Increase in Schools With Nurse-to-Student Ratio of at Least 1:750
1994 Baseline (unless noted)

Percent
2010 Target

Percent
7-4a. All middle, junior high, and senior high schools
28
50
7-4b. Senior high schools
26
50
7-4c. Middle and junior high schools
32
50
7-4d. Elementary schools
53 (2000) Developmental
60


Target setting method:79 percent improvement for 7-4a; 92 percent improvement for 7-4b; 56 percent improvement for 7-4c; 13 percent improvement for 7-4d.79 percent improvement for 7-4a (all schools combined); percentage improvement varies for individual components 7-4b and 7-4c.

Data source: School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS), CDC, NCCDPHP. Data for elementary schools are developmental.

REVISED OBJECTIVE
7-4. Increase the proportion of the Nation’s elementary, middle, junior high, and senior high schools that have a nurse-to-student ratio of at least 1:750.

Target and baseline:
Objective Increase in Schools With Nurse-to-Student Ratio of at Least 1:750
1994 Baseline (unless noted)

Percent
2010 Target

Percent
7-4a. All middle, junior high, and senior high schools
28
50
7-4b. Senior high schools
26
50
7-4c. Middle and junior high schools
32
50
7-4d. Elementary schools
53 (2000)
60


Target setting method: 79 percent improvement for 7-4a; 92 percent improvement for 7-4b; 56 percent improvement for 7-4c; 13 percent improvement for 7-4d.

Data source: School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS), CDC, NCCDPHP.


Worksite Setting


NO CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
7-5. Increase the proportion of worksites that offer a comprehensive employee health promotion program to their employees.

Target and baseline:
Objective Increase in Worksites Offering a Comprehensive Employer-Sponsored Health Promotion Program
1999 Baseline

Percent
2010 Target

Percent
7-5a. Worksites with fewer than 50 employees
Developmental
Developmental
7-5b. Worksites with 50 or more employees
34
75
7-5c. Worksites with 50 to 99 employees
33
75
7-5d. Worksites with 100 to 249 employees
33
75
7-5e. Worksites with 250 to 749 employees
38
75
7-5f. Worksites with 750 or more employees
50
75

Target setting method: Better than the best.

Data source: National Worksite Health Promotion Survey (NWHPS), Association for Worksite Health Promotion (AWHP) and OPHS, ODPHP.



NO CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
(Data updated and footnoted)
7-6. Increase the proportion of employees who participate in employer-sponsored health promotion activities.

Target: 881 percent.

Baseline: 672 percent of employees aged 18 years and older participated in employer-sponsored health promotion activities in 1994 (age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population).

Target setting method: Better than the best.

Data source: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS.

1 Target revised from 75 because of baseline revision after November 2000 publication.
2 Baseline revised from 61 after November 2000 publication.


Health Care Setting


OBJECTIVE DELETED
7-7. (Objective deleted due to lack of data source) (Developmental) Increase the proportion of health care organizations that provide patient and family education.



OBJECTIVE DELETED
7-8. (Objective deleted due to lack of data source) (Developmental) Increase the proportion of patients who report that they are satisfied with the patient education they receive from their health care organization.



OBJECTIVE DELETED
7-9. (Objective deleted due to lack of data source) (Developmental) Increase the proportion of hospitals and managed care organizations that provide community disease prevention and health promotion activities that address the priority health needs identified by their community.


Community Setting and Select Populations


ORIGINAL OBJECTIVE
7-10. (Developmental) Increase the proportion of Tribal and local health service areas or jurisdictions that have established a community health promotion program that addresses multiple Healthy People 2010 focus areas.

Potential data source: Special Survey, Association of State and Territorial Directors of Health Promotion and Public Health Education (ASTDHPPHE).

OBJECTIVE WITH REVISIONS
7-10. (Developmental) Increase the proportion of Tribal and local health service areas or jurisdictions that have established a community health promotion program that addresses multiple Healthy People 2010 focus areas.

Potential data source:Special Survey,Directors of Health Promotion and Education (DHPE) [formerly Association of State and Territorial Directors of Health Promotion and Public Health Education (ASTDHPPHE)].

REVISED OBJECTIVE
7-10. (Developmental) Increase the proportion of Tribal and local health service areas or jurisdictions that have established a community health promotion program that addresses multiple Healthy People 2010 focus areas.

Potential data source: Directors of Health Promotion and Education (DHPE) [formerly Association of State and Territorial Directors of Health Promotion and Public Health Education (ASTDHPPHE)].



ORIGINAL OBJECTIVE
7-11. Increase the proportion of local health departments that have established culturally appropriate and linguistically competent community health promotion and disease prevention programs.

Target and baseline:
Objective Increase in Local Health Department Community Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Programs That Are Culturally Appropriate and Linguistically Competent
1996–97 Baseline



Percent
2010 Target




Percent
7-11a.
Access to quality health services
Developmental
Developmental
    Clinical preventive services
35
*
7-11b.
Arthritis, osteoporosis, and chronic back conditions
Developmental
Developmental
7-11c.
Cancer
30
50
    Diabetes and chronic disabling conditions
26
*
7-11d.
Chronic kidney disease
Developmental
Developmental
7-11e.
Diabetes
Developmental
Developmental
7-11f.
Disability and secondary conditions
Developmental
Developmental
7-11g.
Educational and community-based programs
33
50
7-11h.
Environmental health
22
50
7-11i.
Family planning
42
50
Food and drug safety
18
*
7-11j.
Food safety
Developmental
Developmental
7-11k.
Medical product safety
Developmental
Developmental
7-11l.
Health communication
Developmental
Developmental
7-11m.
Heart disease and stroke
28
50
7-11n.
HIV
45
50
7-11o.
Immunization and infectious diseases
48
50
7-11p.
Injury and violence prevention
Developmental
Developmental
    Unintentional injuries
19
*
    Violent and abusive behavior
25
*
7-11q.
Maternal, infant (and child) health
47
50
7-11r.
Mental health (and mental disorders)
18
50
7-11s.
Nutrition and overweight
44
50
7-11t.
Occupational safety and health
13
50
7-11u.
Oral health
25
50
7-11v.
Physical activity and fitness
21
50
7-11w.
Public health infrastructure
Developmental
Developmental
    Surveillance and data systems
14
*
7-11x.
Respiratory diseases
Developmental
Developmental
7-11y.
Sexually transmitted diseases
41
50
7-11z.
Substance abuse (alcohol and other drugs)
26
50
7-11aa.
Tobacco use
24
50
7-11bb.
Vision and hearing
Developmental
Developmental

* These are Healthy People 2000 priority areas that are not applicable to Healthy People 2010.

Target setting method: Percentage improvement varies by program.

Data source: National Profile of Local Health Departments, National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO).

OBJECTIVE WITH REVISIONS
(Including subobjectives deleted)
7-11. Increase the proportion of local health departments that have established culturally appropriate and linguistically competent community health promotion and disease prevention programs.

Target and baseline:
Objective* Increase in Local Health Department Community Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Programs That Are Culturally Appropriate and Linguistically Competent
1996–97 Baseline

Percent
2010 Target


Percent
7-11a.
(Subobjective deleted due to lack of data source)* Access to quality health services Developmental
Developmental
Developmental
Clinical preventive services
35
*
7-11b.
(Subobjective deleted due to lack of data source)* Arthritis, osteoporosis, and chronic back conditions
Developmental
Developmental
7-11c.
Cancer
30
50
Diabetes and chronic disabling conditions
26
*
7-11d.
Subobjective deleted due to lack of data source)* Chronic kidney disease
Developmental
Developmental
7-11e.
(Subobjective deleted due to lack of data source)* Diabetes
Developmental
Developmental
7-11f.
(Subobjective deleted due to lack of data source)* Disability and secondary conditions
Developmental
Developmental
7-11g.
Educational and community-based programs
33
50
7-11h.
Environmental health
22
50
7-11i.
Family planning
42
50
Food and drug safety
18
*
7-11j.
(Subobjective deleted due to lack of data source)* Food safety
Developmental
Developmental
7-11k.
(Subobjective deleted due to lack of data source)* Medical product safety
Developmental
Developmental
7-11l.
(Subobjective deleted due to lack of data source)* Health communication
Developmental
Developmental
7-11m.
Heart disease and stroke
28
50
7-11n.
HIV
45
50
7-11o.
Immunization and infectious diseases
48
50
7-11p.
(Subobjective deleted due to lack of data source)* Injury and violence prevention
Developmental
Developmental
Unintentional injuries
19
*
Violent and abusive behavior
25
*
7-11q.
Maternal, infant (and child) health
47
50
7-11r.
Mental health (and mental disorders)
18
50
7-11s.
Nutrition and overweight
44
50
7-11t.
Occupational safety and health
13
50
7-11u.
Oral health
25
50
7-11v.
Physical activity and fitness
21
50
7-11w.
(Subobjective deleted due to lack of data source)* Public health infrastructure
Developmental
Developmental
Surveillance and data systems
14
*
7-11x.
(Subobjective deleted due to lack of data source)* Respiratory diseases
Developmental
Developmental
7-11y.
Sexually transmitted diseases
41
50
7-11z.
Substance abuse (alcohol and other drugs)
26
50
7-11aa.
Tobacco use
24
50
7-11bb.
(Subobjective deleted due to lack of data source)* Vision and hearing
Developmental
Developmental


* For data control purposes, subobjectives are not renumbered.

Target setting method: Percentage improvement varies by program.

Data source: National Profile of Local Health Departments, National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO).

REVISED OBJECTIVE
7-11. Increase the proportion of local health departments that have established culturally appropriate and linguistically competent community health promotion and disease prevention programs.

Target and baseline:
Objective* Increase in Local Health Department Community Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Programs That Are Culturally Appropriate and Linguistically Competent
1996–97 Baseline

Percent
2010 Target

Percent
7-11c. Cancer
30
50
7-11g. Educational and community-based programs
33
50
7-11h. Environmental health
22
50
7-11i. Family planning
42
50
7-11m. Heart disease and stroke
28
50
7-11n. HIV
45
50
7-11o. Immunization and infectious diseases
48
50
7-11q. Maternal, infant (and child) health
47
50
7-11r. Mental health (and mental disorders)
18
50
7-11s. Nutrition and overweight
44
50
7-11t. Occupational safety and health
13
50
7-11u. Oral health
25
50
7-11v. Physical activity and fitness
21
50
7-11y. Sexually transmitted diseases
41
50
7-11z. Substance abuse (alcohol and other drugs)
26
50
7-11aa. Tobacco use
24
50


* For data control purposes, subobjectives are not renumbered.

Target setting method: Percentage improvement varies by program.

Data source: National Profile of Local Health Departments, National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO).



NO CHANGE IN OBJECTIVE
7-12. Increase the proportion of older adults who have participated during the preceding year in at least one organized health promotion activity.

Target: 90 percent.

Baseline: 12 percent of adults aged 65 years and older participated during the preceding year in at least one organized health promotion activity in 1998 (age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population).

Target setting method: Better than the best.

Data source: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS.



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