Chapter II. Growing Areas

1. Microbiological Methods

References

(1) Total Coliform Methods

• American Public Health Association. 1970. Recommended Procedures for the Examination of Sea Water and Shellfish, 4^th Edition, APHA, New York, N.Y. [Decimal Dilution MPN test]
  
  
• American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environmental Federation. 1992. Section 9221. Examination of a 100 ml aliquot by the Multiple Tube Fermentation Method (MTF). Standards Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18^th Edition, APHA/AWWA/WEF. Washington, D.C. [Decimal Dilution MPN test]
  
  
• Redman, J.H. 1974. A simpler multiple fermentation tube test for monitoring the bacteriological quality of shellfish harvest waters; the examination of twelve 1.0 ml sample portions, p.123-124. In Wilt, D.S. (ed.), Proceedings 8^th National Shellfish Sanitation Workshop,. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. [12-tube, Single Dilution MPN test]
  
  
• Springer, J.A. 1974. Statistical considerations in using the twelve-tube MPN test for routine monitoring of shellfish waters, p.125-126. In Wilt, D.S. (ed.), Proceedings 8^th National Shellfish Sanitation Workshop. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. [12-tube, Single Dilution MPN test]

(2) Fecal Coliform Methods

• 40 CFR 136.3 Table I-A. List of Approved Microbiological Methods
  
  
• A-1M, 1990 AOAC International - Official Methods of Analysis, 15^th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, D.C. [A-1 Modified MPN test]
  
  
• APHA. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater APHA, 20^th Edition, APHA, Washington, DC
  
  
• American Public Health Association. 1970. Recommended Procedures for the Examination of Sea Water and Shellfish, 4^th Edition, APHA, New York, N.Y.
  
  
• Rippy, Scott, et. al, Enumeration of Fecal Coliforms and E. coli in marine and estuarine waters: an alternative to the APHA-MPN approach. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation. August 1987, pg. 795-798.
  
  
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2001. (Revised 12-8-02). NSSP Interpretation, 03-III-@.02-100, Options for the use of the 12-tube, single dilution MPN test. [12-tube, Single Dilution MPN test for seawater]
  
  
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2001 (Revised 12-8-02). NSSP Interpretation 03-XV-.03-100, Method for determining fecal coliform levels in end product depurated shellfish. [12-tube, single dilution MPN test for the controlled purification of shellfish]
  
  
• Cabelli, V.J. and W.P. Heffernan. 1970. Accumulation of Escherichia coli by the northern quahog. Appl. Microbiol. 19:239-244. [ETCP for the controlled purification of hard- and soft-shelled clams]

(3) Standard Plate Count Method

• American Public Health Association. 1970. Recommended Procedures for the Examination of Sea Water and Shellfish, 4^th Edition, APHA, New York, N.Y.

2. Marine Biotoxin Method

References:

1.      Paralytic Shellfish Poison (PSP) and Neurotoxic Shellfish Poison (NSP) Methods

(American Public Health Association. 1970. Recommended Procedures for the Examination of Sea Water and Shellfish, 4^th Edition, APHA, New York, N.Y.

3. Type III and Type IV Microbiological Test Methods

Footnotes:

1. Single step direct mEndo-LES Membrane Filter Technique used in the Newburyport Depuration Plant, Massachusetts.

 4. Type III and Type IV Marine Biotoxin Test Method

Footnotes:

1. Peer recognized HPLC Methods with or without clean up.

2. Jellett Rapid Test for PSP