Regional Conventions

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Pests and diseases of plants and plant products, with special attention to:

Colorado beetle; potato root eelworm; San Jose scale; potato wart disease; insect, fungus and rodent pests of stored foods and rodent pests of crops; fall webworm

Pathways:

Not specified

Relevance:

Article V(a)
The functions of the organization shall be: 2) to advise Member Governments on the technical, administrative and legislative measures necessary to prevent the introduction and spread of pests and diseases of plants and plant products

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Destructive pests and diseases not yet established in the Southeast Asia and Pacific Region
SEE APPENDIX A for listings

Particular attention given to South American Leaf Blight of Heava
SEE APPENDIX B

Does NOT include:

• plants imported for food or analytical, medicinal, or manufacturing purposes
• seeds of annual, biennial field crops or vegetables, all seeds or cut flowers of annual, biennial, or perennial ornamental plants which are herbaceous
• processed plant products

Pathways:

Importation of plants, packing and containers accompanying plants, or packing and containers of plant origin from outside the Region

Relevance:

Preamble: The Contracting Governments, desiring to prevent, through concerted action, the introduction into and spread within the South East Asia and Pacific Region of destructive plant diseases and pests, have concluded the following Agreement, which is a supplementary agreement under Article III of the International Plant Protection Convention.

Article III: Measures regarding the importation of Plants from outside the region. For the purpose of preventing the introduction into its territory or territories of destructive diseases and pests, and in particular those listed in Appendix A to this Agreement, each Contracting Government shall use its best endeavours to apply with respect to the importation of any plants, including their packing and containers, and any packing and containers of plant origin, from anywhere outside the Region, such measures of prohibition, certification, inspection, disinfection, disinfestation, quarantine, destruction or other measures as may be recommended by the Committee, taking into consideration the provisions of Articles V and VI of the International Plant Protection Convention.

Article V -- Measures regarding the Movement of Plants within the Region: For the purpose of preventing the spread within the Region of destructive diseases and pests, each Contracting Government shall use its best endeavours to apply, with respect to the importation
into its territory of any plants, including packings and containers, and any packings and containers of plant origin, from another territory within the Region, such measures or prohibition certification, inspection, disinfection, disinfestation, quarantine, destruction or other measures as may be recommended by the Committee, in addition to measures already adopted by each Contracting Government.

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Intentional introductions

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Article 10: acclimatisation and breeding of new fish species, other animals and aquatic plants prohibited in Danube waters without consent of Convention Commission.

Agreement:

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Plant diseases and insect plant pests

Pathways:

Importation; Packing material

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Preamble: Heads of African State and Government of the organization of African Unity: Considering that all possible steps should be taken

(a) to prevent the introduction of diseases, insect pests, and other enemies of plants into any part of Africa;
(b) to eradicate or control them in so far as they are present in the area; and
(c) to prevent their spread to other territories within the area.

Article V: Each Member State shall take such action as may be desirable to deal effectively with diseases, insect pests and other enemies of plants in its territory which the OAU considers have become, or are likely to become, a serious danger within Africa.

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Intentional introduction

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Article III (4)(a)(ii) and (b): any act in a strict nature reserve or national park likely to harm or disturb the fauna and flora, including the introduction of zoological or botanical specimens, whether indigenous or imported, wild or domesticated, is to be strictly prohibited.

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Intentional introductions ("deliberate introduction"): Not specified further

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Article V (4): Parties shall carefully consider the consequences of deliberate introduction into ecosystems of species not previously occurring therein.

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Not specified

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Article 11(2)(b): Each contracting Party undertakes to strictly control the introduction of non-native species.

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Not specified

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N/A

Agreement:

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Not specified: "exotic species"

Pathways:

Intentional introduction: Not specified further

Relevance:

Article 7(e): Parties to progressively take measures to prohibit the introduction of exotic species into marine protected areas.

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Not specified

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Article 3(3): Parties shall endeavour to regulate and, where necessary, prohibit the introduction of exotic species.

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N/A

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Parties shall take measures to prevent, reduce and control environmental deterioration in marine protected areas including, to the extent possible, the introduction of exotic species of flora and fauna.

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Unintentional and intentional introductions

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Articles 5.2 (f) and 12: Each Party to take all appropriate measures to regulate or prohibit the intentional or accidental introduction of non-indigenous or genetically altered species to the wild that may cause harmful impacts to the natural flora, fauna and other features of the wider Caribbean Region.

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Not specified

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Article 24: Parties agree that all mechanisms shall be established for the control or eradication of all exotic species which threaten ecosystems, habitats and wild species.

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Not specified

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Article 10 (2)(h): the Council of the Commission on Environmental Co-operation may develop recommendations regarding exotic species which may be harmful

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Pests of plants and plant products

Pathways:

Not specified

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Article IV (a): promote the implementation of the provisions of the International Plant Protection Convention with particular attention to measures for the control of pests, and advise Governments on the technical, administrative and legislative measures necessary to prevent the introduction and spread of pests of plants and plant products

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N/A

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N/A

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Article 17: Parties guarantee that species of wild fauna and flora not native to the region in the recorded past are not introduced; exceptions possible when introduction needed for specific use will not "disadvantage" nature and landscape

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N/A

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N/A

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Article 1, Attachment I, para. 7: Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda agree to implement a 5 year programme to strengthen regional environmental management of Lake Victoria including control of water hyacinth; biological control to proceed when environmental risks are found acceptable by national authorities; other forms of control to be explored.

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Any non-indigenous aquatic animals or plants

Specifically mentioned:
Nile Tilapia, Nile Perch, and water hyacinth

Pathways:

Unintentional or intentional, direct or indirect introductions into Lake Victoria or its tributaries

Relevance:

Article II(3)(f): To consider and advise on the effects of the direct or indirect introduction of any non-indigenous aquatic animals or plants into the waters of Lake Victoria or its tributaries and to adopt measures regarding the introduction, monitoring, control or elimination of any such animals or plants;

Article XII (3): Parties hereby agree to adopt, enforce and maintain in effect laws and regulations prohibiting the introduction of non-indigenous species to Lake Victoria, other than in accordance with a decision of the Council of Ministers pursuant to Article VI.1(m)

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Not specified

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Not specified

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General provisions in Chapter 18, Articles 1802(2) and 1803(1), require the U.S. to publish in advance, proposed measures and to notify its NAFTA trading partners of any proposed ban on imports. Provisions seek to give NAFTA trading partners an opportunity to comment and the U.S. time to take such comments into account, before the measure goes into effect.

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N/A

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N/A

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Articles 6(d) and 13 (l): Parties shall regulate in specially protected areas "the introduction of any species not indigenous to the specially protected areas in question, or of genetically modified species, as well as the introduction or reintroduction of species that are or have been present in the specially protected area, and that Parties shall take all appropriate measures to regulate the intentional or accidental introduction of non-indigenous species or genetically modified species to the wild and prohibit those that may have harmful impacts on the ecosystem, habitats, or species in the protocol area.

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Non-native bird species

Pathways:

Intentional introduction; Unintentional release

Relevance:

Article III(2)(g): Parties shall prohibit the deliberate introduction of non-native waterbird species into the environment and take all appropriate measure to prevent the unintentional release of such species if this introduction or release would prejudice the conservation status of wild fauna and flora; when non native waterbird species have already been introduced, the Parties shall take all appropriate measures to prevent these species from becoming a potential threat to indigenous species.

Action Plan §2.5
Parties to prohibit non-native animal and plant introductions if detrimental to listed species, to take precautions to prevent accidental escape of captive non native birds and take measures to ensure that already introduced species do not pose a potential hazard to listed species.

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"Alien or new species which may cause significant or harmful changes to the Eastern African Region"

Pathways:

Unintentional and intentional introductions

Relevance:

Article 7: Introduction of Alien or New Species - The Contracting Parties shall take all appropriate measures to prohibit the intentional or accidental introduction of alien or new species which may cause significant or harmful changes to the Eastern African region.

Article 10: Protection Measures - The Contracting Parties, taking into account the characteristics of each protected area, shall take, in conformity with international law, the measures required to achieve the objectives of protecting the area, which may include: (f) the regulation of any activity likely to harm or disturb the fauna or flora, including the introduction of non-indigenous animal or plant species

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N/A

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N/A

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N/A

Agreement:

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Non-indigenous birds

Pathways:

Not specified

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Article 11: Member States shall see that any introduction of species of bird which does not occur naturally in the wild state in the European territory of the Member States does not prejudice the local fauna and flora.

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"any species which is not native to their territory"

Pathways:

Intentional introductions

Relevance:

Article 22(b):Member States shall ensure that the deliberate introduction into the wild of any species which is not native to their territory is regulated so as not to prejudice natural habitats within their natural range or the wild native fauna and flora and, if they consider it necessary, prohibit such introduction.

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N/A

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N/A

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N/A

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Sea lamprey

Pathways:

Introduction through tributaries to the Great Lakes

Relevance:

The Convention established the GLFC whose purpose is to control and eradicate the non-native, highly invasive Atlantic sea lamprey from the Great Lakes