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Educational Institutions, Organizations and
Commercial Establishments Offering Occupational
Safety and Health Services to Small Businesses
Educational, Organizational & Commercial Resources

ALLIANCE OF AMERICAN INSURERS

The Alliance is a property and casualty insurance trade association that works with interested safety professionals and stakeholders from the public sector, private industry, labor, and academia. They organize local coalitions interested in developing new public policy approaches to protect employees working in small businesses.

By mail:Alliance of American Insurers
Safety and Environment Department
3025 Highland Parkway, Suite 800
Downers Grove, IL 60515-1289

Telephone:1-630-724-2100
Web site:www.allianceai.org
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AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSES (AAOHN)

This group is an association of registered professional nurses employed by business and industrial firms; nurse educators, nurse editors, nurse writers, and others interested in occupational health nursing. AAOHN provides workplace information referrals and related services. In addition, they have several publications of interest to small business, and they provide a speakers bureau.

By mail:AAOHN
Suite 100
2920 Brandywine Rd.
Atlanta, GA 30341

Telephone:1-770- 455-7757
Fax:1-770- 455-7271
Web site:www.aaohn.org

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AMERICAN COLLEGE OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
MEDICINE (ACOEM)

This group of physicians specializes in occupational and environmental medicine. ACOEM promotes maintenance and improvement of the health of workers, and works to increase awareness of occupational medicine as a medical specialty. The ACOEM represents more than 7,000 medical specialists.

By mail:ACOEM
1114 N. Arlington Heights Road
Arlington Heights, Illinois, 60004-4770

Telephone:1-847-818-1800
Fax:1-847-818-9266
Web site:www.acoem.org
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AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS (ACGIH)

ACGIH is a professional society of occupational and environmental safety and health professionals devoted to the development of administrative and technical aspects of worker health protection. ACGIH functions mainly as a medium for the exchange of ideas and the promotion of standards and techniques in industrial health.

By mail:ACGIH
1330 Kemper Meadow Dr., Suite 600
Cincinnati, OH 45240

Telephone:1-513-742-2020
Fax:1-513-742-3355
Web site:www.acgih.org

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AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION (AIHA)

AIHA is a professional society of industrial hygienists that promotes the study and control of environ-mental factors affecting the health and well-being of workers. AIHA sponsors continuing education courses in industrial hygiene, a government affairs program, and public relations.

Contact Information and Publications
green bar

The AIHA Hygienic Guide Series includes data sheets about substances; they include standards, properties, practices, procedures, and references. Other AIHA publications may also be helpful. These data sheets and other AIHA publications are available for sale.

By mail:American Industrial Hygiene Association
2700 Prosperity Ave., Suite 250
Fairfax, VA 22031-4319

Telephone:1-703-849-8888
Fax:1-703-207-3561
Web site:www.aiha.org

Consultation and Site Visits
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The AIHA also gives referrals for industrial hygiene consultants, worksite monitoring, and related activities.

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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)

ANSI serves as a clearinghouse for nationally coordinated voluntary standards for fields ranging from information technology to building construction. ANSI gives American National Standards status to standards developed for definitions, terminology, symbols, and abbreviations; materials, performance characteristics, procedures, and methods of rating; methods of testing and analysis; size, weight, volume, and rating; practice, safety, health, and building construction. ANSI provides information on foreign standards and represents U.S. interests in international standardization work.

Guides of interest include the following:

ANSI Z11.7-1995 Confined Spaces
ANSI Z88.2-1992 Respiratory Protection

By mail:American National Standards Institute
25 West 43nd Street, 4th Fl.
New York, New York, 10036

Telephone:1-212-642-4900
Fax:1-212-398-0023
Web site:www.ansi.org

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AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SAFETY ENGINEERS (ASSE)

ASSE is a professional society of safety engineers, safety professionals, safety directors, and others concerned with accident prevention, environmental protection, and safety and health programs. ASSE develops and publishes ANSI safety-related standards and other technical literature.

Contact Information and Publications
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ASSE publishes a manual called Safety and Health Management Guide for Small Business, which has been endorsed and recognized by regulators at the State level. Other ASSE publications and materials may also be helpful.

By mail:American Society of Safety Engineers
1800 East Oakton Street
Des Plaines, IL 60018

Telephone:1-847-699-2929
Fax:1-847-768-3434
Web site:www.asse.org

Training
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ASSE offers courses leading to a certificate in safety management and has correspondence courses approved by the American Council on Education (ACE) for college credit. ASSE also offers a series of training programs for all levels of safety and health management, including group and private seminars.

Consultation
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For referrals for safety consultation and related activities, ASSE offers The National Directory of Safety Consultants which is an extensive catalog of safety and health consultants listed by geographic location, expertise, and credentials. ASSE also serves as the Registrar of the National Registry of Safety Professionals and other Registrants.

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AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)

ASTM establishes standards for materials, products, systems, and services. ASTM has 131 technical committees (each having five to 50 subcommittees). New committees are organized periodically to keep pace with technological advances. ASTM has developed more than 10,000 standard test methods, speci-fications, classifications, definitions, and recommended practices now in use. Information is available about the prices of ASTM standards with related material.

By mail:American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
100 Barr Harbor Dr.
P.O. Box C700
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959

Telephone:1-610-832-9585
Fax:1-610-832-9555
Web site:www.astm.org

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ASSOCIATION OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CLINICS (AOEC)

This association seeks to enhance the practice of occupational and environmental medicine by sharing information and providing educational and research programs. Information is available about occupational safety and health clinics.

By mail:Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics
1010 Vermont Ave. N.W., #513
Washington, DC 20005

Telephone:1-202-347-4976
Web site:www.aoec.org

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CENTER FOR SAFETY IN THE ARTS

Publications about hazards in the arts and crafts industry are available.

By mail:Center for Safety in the Arts
Art Hazards Information Center
c/o New York Foundation for the Arts
155 Avenue of the Americas, 14th floor
New York, NY 10013

Web site:www.artswire.org

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COMMITTEES FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (COSHs)

COSHs are usually nonprofit groups that assist workers, labor leaders, occupational safety and health professionals, medical professionals, and community activists with occupational safety and health concerns. COSHs are good sources of current information, and many maintain libraries or offer technical assistance.

Alaska
Alaska Health Project
218 E. 4th Ave.
Anchorage, AK 99501
Telephone: 1-907-276-2864

California
Worksafe
c/o San Francisco Labor Council
1188 Franklin St., #203
San Francisco, CA 94109
Telephone: 1-510-465-7728 (messages only)
Web site: http://www.worksafe.org

LACOSH
5855 Venice Blvd.
Los Angeles, CA 90019
Telephone: 1-323-931-0603
Fax: 1-323-931-2255

SA-COSH
c/o Fire Fighters Local 522
3101 Stockton Blvd.
Sacramento, CA 95820
Telephone: 1-916-442-4390
Fax: 1-916-446-3057

SCCOSH
760 N. First St., 2nd floor
San Jose, CA 95112
Telephone: 1-408-998-4050
Fax: 1-408-998-4051

Connecticut
ConnectiCOSH
77 Huyshope Ave., 2nd floor
Hartford, CT 06106
Telephone: 1-860-549-1877
Web site: http://www.homestead.com/homefront/Connecticosh.html

Illinois
CACOSH
c/o UIC School of Public Health
2121 West Taylor St., M/C-922
Chicago, IL 60612-7260
Telephone: 1-312-666-1611

Maine
Maine Labor Group on Health
P.O.Box 5197
Augusta, ME 04332
Telephone: 1-207-622-7823

Maryland
Alice Hamilton Occupational Health Center
1310 Apple Ave.
Silver Spring, MD 20910-3354
Telephone: 1-301-565-4590

Massachusetts
MassCOSH
555 Amory St.
Boston, MA 02130
Telephone: 1-617-524-6686

Western MassCOSH
458 Bridge St.
Springfield, MA 01103
Telephone: 1-413-731-0760

Michigan
SEMCOSH
1550 Howard St.
Detroit, MI 48216
Telephone: 1-313-961-3345

Minnesota
MnCOSH/Lyle Krych
5013 Girard Ave. North
Minneapolis, MN 55430
Fax only: 1-612-572-9826

New Hampshire
NHCOSH
110 Sheep Davis Road
Pembroke, NH 03275
Telephone: 1-603-226-0516

New York
ALCOSH
20 W. 3rd St., #21
Jamestown, NY 14701
Telephone: 1-716-488-0720

CNYCOSH
615 W. Genessee St.
Syracuse, NY 13204
Telephone: 1-315-471-6187

NYCOSH
275 Seventh Ave., 8th floor
New York, NY 10001
Telephone: 1-212-627-3900

ROCOSH
46 Prince St.
Rochester, NY 14607
Fax only: 1-716-244-0956

WYNCOSH
2495 Main St., #438
Buffalo, NY 14214
Fax only: 1-716-833-7507

North Carolina
NCOSH
P.O. Box 2514
Durham, NC 27715
Telephone: 1-919-286-9249

Oregon
c/o ICWU-Portland
7440 SW 87 St.
Portland, OR 07223
Telephone: 1-503-244-8429

Rhode Island
RICOSH
741 Westminster St.
Providence, RI 02903
Telephone: 1-401-751-2015 (messages only)

Wisconsin
WisCOSH
734 N. 26th St.
Milwaukee, WI 53230
Telephone: 1-414-933-2338

Ontario, Canada
WOSH
547 Victoria Ave.
Windsor, Ontario N9A 4N1
Fax: 1-519-254-4192

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EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTERS (ERCs)

See NIOSH Resources/Training

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ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTE (EOHSI)

EOHSI offers 19 INFOletters and 30 INFOsheets on a wide variety of topics in the environmental and occupational health sciences. More information is available through the EOHSI Web site.

Web site:www.eohsi.rutgers.edu/rc/publication.html

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THE HEALTH INFORMATION RESOURCE DATABASE

The Health Information Resource Database includes 1,100 organizations and government offices that provide health information upon request.

Entries include:
  • contact information
  • short abstracts
  • information about publications and services
  • toll-free numbers for health information
  • Federal health information centers and clearinghouses

You may use key words to search the database.

Web site:www.health.gov/nhic

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INSURANCE CARRIERS (SEE ALSO ALLIANCE OF AMERICAN INSURERS)

Many insurance carriers offer information about safety, loss prevention, and risk management. Check their Web sites, or ask the agent with which your business is affiliated if they provide checklists or educational or reference material regarding workplace safety and health.

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NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)

NFPA develops, publishes, and disseminates standards (prepared by approximately 250 technical com-mittees) that are intended to minimize the possibility and effects of fire and explosion. NFPA also con-ducts fire safety education programs for the general public. NFPA provides information on fire protection, prevention, and suppression; compiles annual statistics on causes and occupancies of fires, large-loss fires (over $1,000,000) fire deaths, and fire fighter casualties. NFPA provides field service by specialists on electricity, flammable liquids and gases, and marine fire problems. NFPA also sponsors seminars on the Life Safety Code, the National Electrical Code, hotel/motel fire safety, shipyard fire protection, fire safety in detention and correctional facilities, and other timely topics.

For information about fire protection and fire prevention contact

By mail:National Fire Protection Association
1 Batterymarch Park
Quincy, MA 02269-9101

Telephone:1-617-770-3000
Toll-free telephone:1-800-344-3555 (publications only)
Web site:www.nfpa.org

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NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL (NSC)

The NSC is a not-for-profit public service organization dedicated to improving the safety and health of all people. The mission of NSC is to educate and influence society to adopt safety, health, and environ-mental policies, practices, and procedures that prevent and mitigate human suffering and economic losses arising from preventable causes.

By mail:National Safety Council
1121 Spring Lake Drive
Itasca, IL 60143-3201

Toll-free telephone:1-800-621-7619
Web site:www.nsc.org

Contact Information and Publications
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NSC disseminates a wide variety of safety education programs, periodicals, technical books, manuals, and motivational materials that assist members and non-members in fulfilling their safety, health, and environmental responsibilities.

Training
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The NSC offers a wide variety of training options to meet occupational safety and health needs. NSC also offers specialty training, as well as customized and packaged training courses. Information about their Advanced Safety Certificate (ASC) can be obtained from NSC.

Many NSC chapters have catalogs of videos which can be rented or purchased. Some titles are available in Spanish. The NSC Web site has up-to-date listings of videos.

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TRADE ASSOCIATIONS, UNIONS, AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Trade associations or professional associations and unions often have technical information and data specific to an industry. Also, equipment or product manufacturers may have information about how to operate their products safely or about precautions to take. Check with your local colleges or universities to see whether they have departments in industrial hygiene, safety, or public health. Faculty or libraries may also have useful information. Trade associations sometimes offer training programs about common hazards. Employers whose workers are represented by unions have access to many hazard assessment resources as well as to safety and health training.

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VERMONT SAFETY INFORMATION RESOURCES-SAFETY GRAPHICS

The Vermont Safety Information Resources on the Internet (SIRI) has information about images, logos, and warnings. Also included is information about making signs, labels, and pamphlets. Access and download numerous graphics from the following list of folders:

Back safety Noise
Electrical Office
Emergencies Personal protection
Fire Safety management
Industrial hygiene Tools
Industrial operations Ventilation
Labs Waste
Medical  

Web site:siri.uvm.edu/graphics/

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WORKERS' COMPENSATION CARRIERS (SEE ALSO ALLIANCE OF AMERICAN INSURERS)

Your workers' compensation carrier may be able to assist you in addressing your safety and health concerns. Many workers' compensation insurers provide services that assist their policyholders in identifying, evaluating, and controlling occupational health problems. Workers' compensation insurers deliver these services in person, by mail, or by telephone, commensurate with the employer's need. Many workers' compensation insurers also offer consultations on safety, loss prevention, and risk management. Contact your workers' compensation insurer or agent for more information.

Also, if you need to hire a private consultant, select one by matching the consultant's specialty to your business and your safety and health concerns. It might be helpful to contact organizations listed in this booklet. In addition, your workers' compensation insurer may be able to assist you in selecting a private consultant. To obtain the telephone number of the workers' compensation bureau in your State, call 1-800-622-4123.

Web site:www.comp.state.nc.us/ncic/pages/all50.htm

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COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS OFFERING OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH SERVICES TO SMALL BUSINESSES

The following commercial establishments have been included only because they represent the types of commercial establishments available to small businesses.

A.M. BEST SAFETY AND SECURITY DIRECTORY

This Directory provides details on OSHA standards and regulations, checklists, training articles, and new product developments.

By mail:Best's Safety & Security Directory
AM Best Company
AM Best Road
Oldwick, NJ 08858

Telephone:Telephone: 1-908-439-2200 (ext. 5078)
Web site:www.ambest.com/safety

AMERICAN CHEMISTRY COUNCIL (ACC)

This Council (formerly the Chemical Manufacturers Association [CMA]) represents the chemical industry on public policy issues, coordinates the industry's research and testing programs, and administers the industry's environmental, health, and safety performance improvement initiative, known as Responsible Care. ACC operates CHEMTREC®, which offers guidance to emergency services on handling emer-gencies involving chemicals. ACC also maintains a list of online databases of material safety data sheets (MSDSs). Chemical manufacturers and suppliers are required under the OSHA hazard communication standard to provide a MSDS with their products. MSDSs contain important information on safety and health hazards of chemicals and precautions to take when handling them.

By mail:American Chemistry Council
1300 Wilson Boulevard
Arlington, VA 22209

Telephone:1-703-741-5000
Web site:www.americanchemistry.com/s_acc/index.asp

NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT BUSINESS

The National Federation of Independent Business is the Nation's largest advocacy organization for small and independent businesses. It presents opinions of small and independent business to State and nation-al legislative bodies and conducts surveys at the State level with area directors and government affairs representatives working with State legislatures.

By mail:The National Federation of Independent Business
53 Century Boulevard, Suite 250
Nashville, TN 37214

Telephone:1-615-872-5300
Toll-free telephone:1-800-634-2669
Web site:www.nfib.com/cgi-bin/NFIB.dll/Public/SiteNavigation/home.jsp

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (MANUFACTURING STANDARDS)

Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) is an independent, not-for-profit product safety testing and certification organization. UL offers services to consumers, manufacturers, and regulators.

Annual lists of manufacturers whose products proved acceptable under appropriate standards are available.

By mail:Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
333 Pfingsten Rd.
Northbrook, IL 60062

Telephone:1-847-272-8800
Fax:1-847-272-8129
Web site:www.ul.com

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APPENDIX

ALERTS

Alerts briefly present new information about occupational illnesses, injuries, and deaths. Alerts urgently request assistance in preventing, solving, and controlling newly identified occupational hazards. Workers, employers, and safety and health professionals are asked to take immediate action to reduce risks and implement controls.

HAZARD CONTROLS (HCs) AND HAZARD IDs (HIDs)

Hazard Controls are short, user-friendly documents that describe control techniques for reducing hazardous exposures to workers in a particular application or industrial process. These documents outline and illustrate successful engineering controls and work practices.

Hazard IDs (Identifications) are short, user-friendly documents that summarize the results of NIOSH studies at a worksite. These documents identify new or current safety and health hazards and offer recommendations for control or prevention. HIDs are directed primarily to workers at other U.S. worksites who are similarly exposed but may be unaware of the hazards and measures for prevention.

CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETINS (CIBs)

Current Intelligence Bulletins review and evaluate new and emerging information about occupational hazards. They may draw attention to a previously unrecognized hazard, report new data about a known hazard, or disseminate information about hazard control.

UPDATES

Updates are brief nontechnical publications that are intended to provide information about NIOSH findings and recommend preventive measures. The information is presented in a format that can be easily used by the media and other organizations.

NIOSH PUBLICATIONS

To order publications from NIOSH, call 1-800-35-NIOSH (1-800-356-4674).


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TABLE A-1. SELECTED NIOSH PUBLICATIONS
Subject industry or hazard/
Publication No.
Title
Acetaldehyde and
malonaldehyde/aldehydes
   91-112
 
 


CIB-55: Carcinogenicity of Acetaldehyde and Malonaldehyde, and Mutagenicity of Related Low-Molecular-Weight Aldehydes (September 1991)
Aircraft refueling
   84-106

Alert: Request for Assistance in Controlling Carbon
Monoxide Hazard in Aircraft Refueling Operations
(February 1984)
Animal handling
(see also Farming)
   97-116

   99-100


Alert: Preventing Asthma in Animal Handlers
(January 1998)
HID 5: Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 1 (B Virus)
Infection Resulting from Ocular Exposure (May 1999)
Arsine
   79-142

CIB-32: Arsine (Arsenic Hydride) Poisoning in the
Workplace (August 1979)
Auto repair
   96-105

   96-106

HC 1: Control of Dusts from Sanding in Autobody
Repair Shops (January 1996)
HC 2: Control of Paint Overspray in Autobody
Repair Shops (January 1996)
Beauty salons
   99-112

HC 28: Controlling Chemical Hazards during the
Application of Artificial Fingernails (January 1999)
1,3-Butadiene
   84-105

CIB-41: 1,3-Butadiene (February 1984)
Cadmium
   84-116

CIB-42: Cadmium (September 1984)
Carpet layers
   90-104

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Knee
Injuries and Disorders in Carpet Layers (May 1990)
Child labor
   95-125

   94-117

   95-115

   96-119

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Deaths
and Injuries of Adolescent Workers (May 1995)
Update: NIOSH Warns Employment Can be
Dangerous and Deadly for Adolescents (June 1994)
Update: NIOSH Warns: Employment May Be
Hazardous for Adolescent Workers (July 1995)
Update: NIOSH Study Finds Work Injuries, Illnesses
among Young Employees Pervasive, Preventable (June 1996)
Chloroethanes
   78-181

CIB-27: Chloroethanes: Review of Toxicity (August
1978)
Chlorofluorocarbon 113
(CFC-113)
   89-109


Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Death
from Excessive Exposure to Chlorofluorocarbon 113
(CFC-113) (May 1989)
Confined spaces
   86-110

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Occupational
Fatalities in Confined Spaces (January 1986)
Construction
   85-110

   93-110

   93-120

   96-120


   91-116


   92-102

   92-108


   96-112

   98-117

   98-122


   99-113

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Deaths
and Injuries from Excavation Cave-Ins (July 1985)
Update: NIOSH Warns of Danger of Trench
Cave-Ins (May 1993)
Update: NIOSH Issues Nationwide Alert on Dangers
of Working from Scaffolds (January 1993)
Update: NIOSH Warns of Silicosis Risk in
Construction, Suggests Measures to Reduce Exposure
(June 1996)
Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Lead
Poisoning in Construction Workers: Revised Edition
(April 1992)
Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Silicosis
and Deaths from Sandblasting (August 1992)
Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Worker
Injuries and Deaths Caused by Falls from Suspension
Scaffolds (August 1992)
Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Silicosis
and Deaths in Construction Workers (May 1996)
Alert: Preventing Injuries and Deaths from Skid-Steer
Loaders (February 1998)
HID 3: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Death
after the Use of Explosives in a Sewer Construction
Project (August 1998)
HC 30: Control of Drywall Sanding Dust Exposure
(June 199)
Diesel exhaust
   88-116

CIB-50: Carcinogenic Effects of Exposure to Diesel
Exhaust (August 1988)
Diisocyanates
   96-111

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Asthma and
Death from Diisocyanate Exposure (March 1996)
Dimethylethylamine (DMEA)
   88-103

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Vision
Disturbances and Acute Physical Distress Due to
Dimethylethylamine (DMEA) Exposure
(December 1987)
Dimethylformamide (DMF)
   90-105

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Adverse
Health Effects from Exposure to Dimethylformamide
(DMF) (September 1990)
Dinitrotoluenes
   85-109

CIB-44: Dinitrotoluenes (DNT) (July 1985)
Dioxin (2,3,7,8-
Tetrachlorodibenzo-
p-Dioxin)

   84-104



CIB-40: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin
(TCDD, "dioxin") (January 1984)
Direct Blue 6, Direct Black
38, Direct Brown 95,
Benzidine-derived dyes

   78-148



CIB-24: Direct Blue 6, Direct Black 38, Direct Brown
95, Benzidine Derived Dyes (April 1978)
Drycleaning
   97-154

   97-155

   97-156


   97-157

   97-158

   97-159


   97-160

HC 16: Control of Exposure to Perchloroethylene in
Commercial Drycleaning (October 1997)
HC 17: Control of Exposure to Perchloroethylene in
Commercial Drycleaning (Substitution) (October 1997)
HC 18: Control of Exposure to Perchloroethylene in
Commercial Drycleaning (Machine Design) (October 1997)
HC 19: Control of Exposure to Perchloroethylene in
Commercial Drycleaning (Ventilation) (October 1997)
HC 20: Control of Spotting Chemical Hazards in
Commercial Drycleaning (October 1997)
HC 21: Control of Fire Hazards in Commercial
Drycleaning Shops Using Petroleum-Based Solvents
(October 1997)
HC 22: Control of Ergonomic Hazards in Commercial
Drycleaning (October 1997)
Electrical energy
   87-100


   87-103


   98-108

   86-111


   99-110

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing
Electrocutions Due to Damaged Receptacles and
Connectors (October 1986)
Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Fatalities
of Workers Who Contact Electrical Energy
(December 1986)
HC 25: Controlling the Ergonomic Hazards of Wiring
Tasks for Household Appliances (December 1997)
CIB-45: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): Potential
Health Hazards from Electrical Equipment Fires or
Failures (February 1986)
Alert: Preventing Worker Deaths from Uncontrolled
Release of Electrical, Mechanical, and Other Types
of Hazardous Energy (August 1999)
Electrical utilities
   85-111


   88-104


   89-110


   91-110


   95-108

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing
Electrocutions from Contact between Cranes and Power
Lines (July 1985)
Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing
Electrocutions by Undetected Feedback Electrical
Energy Present in Power Lines (December 1987)
Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing
Electrocutions of Workers Using Portable Metal
Ladders near Overhead Power Lines (July 1989)
Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing
Electrocutions During Work with Scaffolds near
Overhead Power Lines (August 1991)
Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing
Electrocutions of Crane Operators and Crew Members
Working near Overhead Power Lines (May 1995)
Embalming
   98-149

HC 26: Controlling Formaldehyde Exposures during
Embalming (October 1998)
Epichlorohydrin
   79-105

CIB-30: Epichlorohydrin (October 1978) Ethylene
dibromide
Ethylene Dibromide
   82-105

CIB-37: Ethylene Dibromide (EDB) (Revised)
(October 1981)
Ethylene dibromide
and disulfiram

   78-145


CIB-23: Ethylene Dibromide and Disulfiram Toxic
Interaction (April 1978)
Ethylene dichloride
(1,2-dichloroethane)

   78-149


CIB-25: Ethylene Dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane)
(April 1978)
Ethylene oxide (see
also Health care)

   81-130
   2000-119


CIB-35: Ethylene Oxide (EtO) (May 1981)
Alert: Preventing Worker Injuries and Deaths from
Explosions in Industrial Ethylene Oxide Sterilization
Facilities (April 2000)
Ethylene thiourea
   78-144

CIB-22: Ethylene Thiourea (April 1978)
Farming (see also
Animal handling and
Grain augers)

   86-118


   88-102


   90-103

   93-114

   93-115

   93-116

   93-119

   93-126

   94-102

   94-105


   94-121

   95-118

   97-108

   98-146



Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Fatalities
Due to Fires and Explosions in Oxygen-Limiting
Silos (July 1986)
Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Entrapment
and Suffocation Caused by the Unstable Surfaces of
Stored Grain and Other Materials (December 1987)
Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Deaths of
Farm Workers in Manure Pits (May 1990)
Update: NIOSH Warns: Manure Pits Continue to
Claim Lives (July 6, 1993)
Update: NIOSH Issues Warning to Tobacco
Harvesters (July 8, 1993)
Update: NIOSH Warns Farmers of Deadly Risk
of Grain Suffocation (April 28, 1993)
Update: NIOSH Reports on the Preventability of
Tractor Rollovers (January 29, 1993)
Update: Farm Safety: Danger of Hair Entanglement
in Hay Bailer Drive Shafts (July 1992)
Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Organic
Dust Toxic Syndrome (April 1994)
Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Scalping
and Other Severe Injuries from Farm Machinery
(June 1994)
Update: NIOSH Warns of Agricultural Hazards:
Organic Dust Syndrome (July 19, 1994)
Update: NIOSH Warns Farmers of Forage Wagon
Hazards (September 14, 1995)
Update: NIOSH Warns: Improper Hitching to Tractors
Can Be Fatal (January 14, 1997)
HID 4: Ignition Hazard from Drilling into Sealed Frames
of Agriculture Equipment (August 1998)
Fire fighting
   94-125

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Injuries
and Deaths of Fire Fighters (September 1994)
Fishing
   93-111*

   94-107

   94-111



   97-163

Update: College Students May Be Risking Their Lives
on Fishing Vessels (May 14, 1993)
Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Drownings
of Commercial Fishermen (April 1994)
Update: College Students may be Risking Their Lives
on Fishing Vessels, Working in the Alaska Fishing
Industry is one of the Most Hazardous Jobs
(April 1994)
CIB-58: Commercial Fishing Fatalities in Alaska: Risk
Factors and Prevention Strategies (September 1997)
Flood cleanup
   93-128*


   94-123

Update: NIOSH Warns Midwest of Hazards of Flood
Cleanup Work (August 12, 1993), (Revised to
94-123)
Update: NIOSH Warns of the Hazards of Flood
Cleanup Work (July 1994)
Forklifts
   2000-112

Alert: Preventing Injuries and Deaths of Workers Who
Operate or Work Near Forklifts (December 1999)
Formaldehyde
   81-111

CIB-34: Formaldehyde: Evidence of Carcinogenicity
(April 1981)
Foundry
   98-106

HC 23: Controlling Silica Dust from Foundry
Casting-Cleaning Operations (December 1997)
Gas cans
   98-111

HID 2: Fire Hazards from Filling Portable Gas Cans
in Pickup Trucks and Cars (August 1998)
Glycidyl ethers
   79-104

CIB-29: Glycidyl Ethers (October 1978)
Glycol ethers
   83-112

CIB-39: Glycol Ethers 2-Methoxyethanol and
2-Ethoxyethanol (May 1983)
Grain augers (see
also Farming)

   86-119


Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Grain
Auger Electrocutions (July 1986)
Hair and fur dyes (see
also Beauty salons)

   78-111


CIB-19: 2,4-Diaminoanisole (4-Methoxy-m-
Phenylenediamine) in Hair and Fur Dye
(January 1978)
Health care (see
also Needlesticks)

   89-115


   94-100


   94-118

   96-128

   97-135

   99-105

   2000-119


CIB-52: Ethylene Oxide Sterilizers in Health Care
Facilities: Engineering Controls and Work Practices
(July 1989)
Alert: Request for Assistance in Controlling Exposures
to Nitrous Oxide during Anesthetic Administration
(April 1994)
Update: NIOSH Warns Nitrous Oxide Continues to
Threaten Health Care Workers (June 14, 1994)
HC 11: Control of Smoke from Laser/Electric
Surgical Procedures (September 1996)
Alert: Preventing Allergic Reactions to Natural Rubber
Latex in the Workplace (August 1997)
HC 29: Control of Nitrous Oxide During Cryosurgery
(January 1999)
Alert: Preventing Worker Injuries and Deaths from
Explosions in Industrial Ethylene Oxide Sterilization
Facilities (April 2000)
Hydraulic hoses
   93-105

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Injuries
and Deaths from Metal-Reinforced Hydraulic
Hoses (May 1993)
Logging
   95-101

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Injuries
and Deaths of Loggers (December 1994)
Meatpacking
   95-102

Update: NIOSH Finds Effective Interventions to
Reduce Ergonomic Injuries in Meatpacking and
Other Industries (January 6, 1995)
Mercury
   99-111

HID 6: Exposure to Mercury Vapor During the Use
of Mercury Carburetor Synchronizers (June 1999)
Methylene chloride
   86-114

CIB-46: Methylene Chloride (April 1986)
4,4'-Methylene-dianiline
   86-115

CIB-47: 4,4-Methylenedianiline (MDA) (Revised)
(July 1986)
Mining
   98-150

HC 27: New Shroud Design Controls for Silica
Dust from Mine and Construction Blast Hole
Drills (November 1998)
Monohalomethanes
   84-117

CIB-43: Monohalomethanes, Methyl Chloride,
Methyl Bromide, Methyl Iodide (September 1984)
Motor vehicles
   98-142

Alert: Preventing Worker Injuries and Deaths from
Traffic-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes (July 1998)
Needlesticks (see
also Health care)

   2000-108


Alert: Preventing Needlestick Injuries in Health Care
Settings (November 1999)
NIAX® catalyst ESN
   78-157

CIB-26: NIAX® Catalyst ESN . . . a Mixture of
Dimethylaminopropionitrile and
Bis[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] Ether (May 1978)
Noise
   With National Safety Council
   With National Safety Council

Pamphlets: Sound Advice-Protect Your Ears in
Noisy Work
Environments Pamphlet: Listen Up! Learn How to
Protect Council Your Hearing
Phosphine
   99-126

Alert: Preventing Phosphine Poisoning and Explosions
During Fumigation (September 1999)
Powder dye
   97-107

HC 13: Control of Dust from Powder Dye Handling
Operations (April 1997)
Powered engines and tools
(small gasoline)

   96-118
   96-118a*


Alert: Preventing Carbon Monoxide Poisoning from
Small Gasoline-Powered Engines and Tools,
(November 1996)
Power presses
   87-107

CIB-49: Injuries and Amputations Resulting from
Work with Mechanical Power Presses (May 1987)
Pressure washers
   93-117

Update: NIOSH Warns of Deadly Carbon Monoxide
Hazard from Using Pressure Washers Indoors
(May 10, 1993)
Printing
   97-137

   98-107

HC 15: Control of Ergonomic Hazards from Squeegee
Handles in the Screen-Printing Industry (June 1997)
HC 24: Controlling Cleaning-Solvent Vapors at Small
Printers (December 1997)
Propane
   99-129

HID 7: Fire Fighting Hazards During Propane Tank
Fires (June 1999)
Propylene oxide
   89-111

CIB-51: Carcinogenic Effects of Exposure to
Propylene Oxide (July 1989)
Respirators
   93-127

Update: NIOSH Warns Workers about Explosive
Respirator Cylinders (August 2, 1993)
Restaurants (fast foods)
   85-104

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing
Electrocutions of Workers in Fast Food Restaurants
(December 1984)
Robots
   85-103

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing the Injury
of Workers by Robots (December 1984)
Sealers and heaters
   80-107

CIB-33: Radiofrequency (RF) Sealers and Heaters:
Potential Health Hazards and Their Prevention
(December 1979)
Silica
   81-137

   93-123

   93-124
   2000-113

CIB-36: Silica Flour: Silicosis (Crystalline Silica)
(June 1981)
Update: NIOSH Issues Nationwide Alert on
Silicosis (November 18, 1992)
Update: Prevention of Silicosis Deaths (1993)
HID-9: Respirable Cyrstalline Silica Exposures During
Tack Pointing (November 1999)
Skid-steer loaders
   98-117

Alert: Preventing Injuries and Deaths from Skid-Steer
Loaders (February 1998)
Smoking
   79-122

   91-108

CIB-31: Adverse Health Effects of Smoking and the
Occupational Environment (February 1979)
CIB-54: Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the
Workplace: Lung Cancer and Other Health Effects
(June 1991)
Solvents
   87-104

CIB-48: Organic Solvent Neurotoxicity (March 1987)
Stress
   99-101

Pamphlet: Stress At Work . . . (January, 1999)
Tetrachloroethylene
(perchloroethylene)

   78-112


CIB-20: Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)
(January 1978)
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI)
and toluenediamine

   90-101


CIB-53: Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) and
Toluenediamine (TDA): Evidence of Carcinogenicity
(December 1989)
o-Toluidine and aniline
   90-116

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Bladder
Cancer from Exposure to o-Toluidine and Aniline
(December 1990)
Trash collecting
   97-110

Alert: Preventing Worker Injuries and Deaths from
Moving Refuse Collection Vehicles (May 1997)
Tree trimming
   92-106

   93-122

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Falls and
Electrocutions During Tree Trimming (August 1992)
Update: NIOSH Issues Nationwide Alert on Dangers
of Tree Trimming (December 7, 1992)
Trimellitic anhydride
   78-121

CIB-21: Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA)
(February 1978)
Vibration
   83-110

CIB-38: Vibration Syndrome (March 1983)
Vinyl halides
   79-102

CIB-28: Vinyl Halides Carcinogenicity: Vinyl Bromide,
Vinyl Chloride, Vinylidene Chloride (September 1978)
Violence
   93-109

   94-101

   96-100

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Homicide
in the Workplace (September 1993)
Update: NIOSH Urges Immediate Action to
Prevent Workplace Homicides (October 25, 1993)
CIB-57: Violence in the Workplace: Risk Factors
and Prevention Strategies (June 1996)
Washed cotton
   95-113

CIB-56: Washed Cotton: A Review and Recommendations Regarding Batch Kier Washed
Cotton (August 1995)
Water spray (fog)
   85-112

Alert: Request for Assistance in Preventing Hazards
in the Use of Water Spray (Fog) Streams to
Prevent or Control Ignition of Flammable
Atmospheres (July 1985)
Wood dust
   96-121

   96-122

   96-123

   96-124

   96-125

   96-126

   96-127

HC 4: Control of Wood Dust from Horizontal Belt
Sanders (September 1996)
HC 5: Control of Wood Dust from Shapers
(September 1996)
HC 6: Control of Wood Dust from Automated
Routers (September 1996)
HC 7: Control of Wood Dust from Large Diameter
Disc Sanders (September 1996)
HC 8: Control of Wood Dust from Random Orbital
Hand Sanders (September 1996)
HC 9: Control of Wood Dust from Orbital Hand
Sanders (September 1996)
HC 10: Control of Wood Dust from Table Saws
(September 1996)

* Not available or was replaced.

For more information about the occupational safety and health issues facing small businesses, contact NIOSH. Additionally, you may be interested in the NIOSH publication, Identifying High-Risk Small-Business Industries: The Basis for Preventing Occupational Injury, Illness and Fatality. For more information about this and other NIOSH small business documents call: 1-800-35-NIOSH (1-800-356-4674)

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INDEX

1,3-Butadiene
4,4'-methylene-dianiline
A.M. Best Safety and Security Directory
Acetaldehyde and malonaldehyde/aldehydes
Aircraft refueling
Alliance of American Insurers
American Association of Occupational Health Nurses (AAOHN)
American Chemistry Council (ACC)
American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM)
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
American Industrial Hygiene Assocation (AIHA)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE)
American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM)
Animal handling
Arsine
Asbestos
   NIOSH videotapes
   OSHA publication
Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics (AOEC)
Auto body shops
   NIOSH videotapes
   selected NIOSH publications
Back belts
Beauty salons
Bloodborne pathogens
Cadmium
Carpet layers
Center for Safety in the Arts
Chemical handling/hazards (see also individual chemicals)
   chemical safety cards
   NIOSH videotapes
   American Chemistry Council
Child labor
   summary fact sheets
   child labor
Chloroethanes
Chlorofluorocarbon 113 (CFC-113)
Cold stress
Committees for Occupational Safety and Health (COSHs)
Confined spaces
Construction
   summary fact sheets
   construction
Consultation
   consultation
   OSHA/DOL consultation services
   OSHA publications
   OSHA consultation service
   onsite consultation by state
   AIHA consultation services
   ASSE consultation services
Cotton (see Washed Cotton)
Cranes
Cumulative trauma
   summary fact sheets
   NIOSH videotapes
Dental
Department of Energy (U.S. DOE)
Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT)
Diesel Exhaust
Diisocyanates
Dimethylethylamine (DMEA)
Dimethylformamide (DMF)
Dinitrotoluenes
Dioxin
Drycleaning
Dyes
   Direct Blue 6, Direct Black 38, Direct Brown 95,Benzidine-derived dyes
   hair and fur dyes
   powder dye
Drywall sanding
Education and Research Centers (ERCs)
Electrical energy
Electrical utilities
Embalming
Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI)
Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)
Epichlorohydrin
Ethylene dibromide
Ethylene dibromide and disulfiram
Ethylene dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane)
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene thiourea
Excavation (cave-ins)
Farming
   summary fact sheets
   farming
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
Fire fighting
   National Fire Protection Association
   fire fighting
Fishing
Flood cleanup
   summary fact sheets
   flood cleanup
Forklifts
Formaldehyde
Foundries
   NIOSH videotapes
   foundry
Gas cans
Glycidyl ethers
Glycol ethers
Grain augers/storage
   Farming (alert)
   Farming (update)
   grain augers
Health Information Resources Database
Health care/health care workers
   HHE surveys
   health care
Healthfinder®
Heat stress
   summary fact sheets
   OSHA publications
Hydraulic hoses
Indoor air quality
Insurance
   Alliance of American Insurers
   insurance carriers
Ladders
Laser surgery
Latex
   summary fact sheets
   health care (hazard control)
Lead
Logging
Meatpacking
Mercury
Methylene chloride
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA)
Mining
   summary fact sheets
   MSHA/DOL
   mining
Monohalomethanes
Motor vehicles
MSHA (see Mine Safety and Health Administration)
National Federation of Independent Business
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
   NIOSH contact
   NIOSH publications
National Safety Council (NSC)
   NSC
   pamphlets
Needlesticks
Niax® catalyst ESN
NIOSH (see National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)
Noise/hearing
   OSHA publications
   noise
Nitrous oxide
   health care (alert & update)
   health care (hazard control)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Phosphine
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Power lines (see Electrical utilities)
Power presses
Powered engines and tools
Pressure washers
Printing
Propane
Propylene oxide
Respirators (cylinders)
Restaurants (fast foods)
Robots
Roofing
Sandblasting
Sanders
SBA (see Small Business Administration)
Scaffolds
   construction (update & alert)
   electrical utilities (alert)
Sealers and heaters
Sewers
Silica/silicosis
   summary fact sheets
   NIOSH videotapes
   construction (update)
   construction (alert)
   mining (hazard control)
   silica
Skid-steer loaders
Small Business Administration (SBA)
Smoking
Solvents
   printing (hazard control)
   solvents
Spanish
   OSHA publications
   NSC training videos
Spray painting
State agencies
Stress
Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene)
   drycleaning
   Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene)
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and toluenediamine
o-Toluidine and aniline
Tractor rollovers
Trade associations
Training
   NIOSH training
   OSHA training
   ASSE training
   NSC training
Trash collecting
Tree trimming
Trimellitic anhydride
Underwriters Laboratories
Unions
Vermont Safety Information Resources (on the Internet)
Vibration
   NIOSH videotapes
   vibration
Video tapes
   NIOSH videotapes
   NSC training videos
Vinyl halides
Violence
   summary fact sheets
   violence
Washed cotton
Water spray (fog)
Welding
Wood dust
   NIOSH videotapes
   wood dust
Workers' Compensation Carriers

THIS DOCUMENT IS IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN AND MAY
BE FREELY COPIED OR REPRINTED.


DISCLAIMER
Mention of any company or product does not constitute endorsement by NIOSH.

NOTICE TO READERS
All telephone numbers, Web sites, and addresses have been carefully checked for accuracyBecause such information is highly subject to change, we will make every effort to keep it updated on the NIOSH Web site www.cdc.gov/niosh.

ORDERING INFORMATION
To receive documents or other information about occupational safety and health topics, contact the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) at
NIOSH -Publications Dissemination
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998
Telephone:1-800-35-NIOSH(1-800-356-4674)
Fax:1-513-533-8573
E-mail:pubstaft@cdc.gov
or visit the NIOSH Web site at www.cdc.gov/niosh

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This document was developed by Gwen Finegan, Communications (under Purchase Order No99-36391), and by Vivian Morgan and Thomas JLentz of NIOSH Susan Feldmann, Anne Hamilton, and Jane Weber edited the document Kristina Wasmund, Erica Davis, Patrick Haskins, and Jennifer Jones provided production support and word processing Willman Design produced the design and layout We also wish to thank the many reviewers outside of NIOSH for their contributions to this document.

DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No 2000-148


U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998

NIOSH

Delivering On The Nation's Promise:
Safety and health at work for all
people through research and
prevention

FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT NIOSH:
Phone: 1-800-35-NIOSH (1-800-356-4674)
Fax: 513-533-8573
E-Mail: pubstaft@cdc.gov
Web Site: www.cdc.gov/niosh

DHHS (NIOSH) PUBLICATION NO. 2000-148

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