Kidney Diseases Dictionary: D-E
Kidney Diseases Dictionary Index
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D
diabetes (dy-uh-BEE-teez)
insipidus (in-SIP-ih-dus):
A condition characterized by frequent and heavy urination, excessive
thirst, and an overall feeling of weakness. This condition may be caused
by a defect in the pituitary gland or in the kidney. In
diabetes insipidus, blood glucose levels are normal. (See also nephrogenic
diabetes insipidus.)
diabetes (dy-uh-BEE-teez)
mellitus (MELL-ih-tus):
A condition characterized by high blood glucose (sugar) resulting from
the body's inability to use glucose efficiently. In type 1 diabetes,
the pancreas makes little or no insulin; in type 2 diabetes, the
body is resistant to the effects of available insulin.
dialysis (dy-AL-ih-sis):
The process of cleaning wastes from the blood artificially. This job
is normally done by the kidneys. If the kidneys fail,
the blood must be cleaned artificially with special equipment. The two
major forms of dialysis are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
- hemodialysis (HEE-moh-dy-AL-ih-sis):
The use of a machine to clean wastes from the blood after the kidneys
have failed. The blood travels through tubes to a dialyzer,
which removes wastes and extra fluid. The cleaned blood then flows
through another set of tubes back into the body.
Hemodialysis
- peritoneal (PEH-rih-tuh-NEE-ul) dialysis:
Cleaning the blood by using the lining of the belly (abdomen)
as a filter. A cleansing solution, called dialysis solution,
is drained from a bag into the belly. Fluids and wastes flow
through the lining of the belly and remain "trapped"
in the dialysis solution. The solution is then drained from
the belly, removing the extra fluids and wastes from the body.
There are three types of peritoneal dialysis:
- continuous ambulatory (AM-byoo-luh-TOH-ree) peritoneal
dialysis (CAPD): The most common type of peritoneal dialysis.
It needs no machine. With CAPD, the blood is always being cleaned.
The dialysis solution passes from a plastic bag
through the catheter and into the abdomen. The dialysis solution
stays in the abdomen with the catheter sealed. After several hours,
the person using CAPD drains the solution back into a disposable
bag. Then the person refills the abdomen with fresh solution through
the same catheter, to begin the cleaning process again.
- continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD): A form
of peritoneal dialysis that uses a machine. This machine automatically
fills and drains the dialysis solution from the
abdomen. A typical CCPD schedule involves three to five exchanges
during the night while the person sleeps. During the day, the
person using CCPD performs one exchange with a dwell time
that lasts the entire day.
- nocturnal (nok-TURN-ul) intermittent (IN-ter-MIT-unt)
peritoneal dialysis (NIPD): A machine-aided form of peritoneal
dialysis. NIPD differs from CCPD in that six or more exchanges
take place during the night, and the NIPD patient does not perform
an exchange during the day.
dialysis solution:
A cleansing liquid used in the two major forms of dialysis—hemodialysis
and peritoneal dialysis. Dialysis solution contains dextrose (a
sugar) and other chemicals similar to those in the body. Dextrose
draws wastes and extra fluid from the body into the dialysis solution.
dialyzer (DY-uh-LY-zur):
A part of the hemodialysis machine. (See hemodialysis under dialysis.)
The dialyzer has two sections separated by a membrane.
One section holds dialysis solution. The other holds the
patient's blood.
Dialyzer
dwell time:
In peritoneal dialysis, the amount of time a bag of dialysis solution
remains in the patient's abdominal cavity during an exchange.
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E
edema (eh-DEE-muh):
Swelling caused by too much fluid in the body.
electrolytes (ee-LEK-troh-lites):
Chemicals in the body fluids that result from the breakdown of salts,
including sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride. The kidneys
control the amount of electrolytes in the body. When the kidneys fail,
electrolytes get out of balance, causing potentially serious health
problems. Dialysis can correct this problem.
end-stage renal (REE-nul)
disease (ESRD):
Total chronic kidney failure. When the kidneys fail,
the body retains fluid and harmful wastes build up. A person with ESRD
needs treatment to replace the work of the failed kidneys.
erythropoietin (eh-RITH-roh-POY-uh-tin):
A hormone made by the kidneys to help form
red blood cells. Lack of this hormone may lead to anemia.
ESRD:
See end-stage renal disease.
ESWL:
See extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.
exchange:
A cycle in peritoneal dialysis in which the patient
fills the abdominal cavity with dialysis solution,
carries it for a specified dwell time, and then
empties it from the abdomen in preparation for a fresh bag of
dialysis solution.
extracorporeal (EKS-truh-kor-POR-ee-ul)
shockwave lithotripsy (LITH-oh-TRIP-see)
(ESWL):
A nonsurgical procedure using shock waves to break up kidney
stones.
Kidney Diseases Dictionary Index
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