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Nobel
Laureates
Read about the NIH Scientists
who have won Nobel prizes. |
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Laureate
|
Field |
Year |
Supporting NIH
Institute(s) |
John B. Fenn, U.S.A. (shared with
K. Tanaka, Japan and K. Wüthrich, Switzerland |
Chemistry |
2002 |
NIGMS |
H. Robert Horvitz, U.S.A. (shared with S. Brenner, U.S.A.
and J.E. Sulston, U.K.) |
Physiology or medicine |
2002 |
NIGMS, NCI, NICHD |
Leland H. Hartwell, U.S.A. (shared with P.M. Nurse
and R.T. Hunt, U.K.) |
Physiology or medicine |
2001 |
NIGMS, NCI, NCRR |
K. Barry Sharpless, U.S.A. (shared with W.S. Knowles,
U.S.A. and R. Noyori, Japan) |
Chemistry |
2001 |
NIGMS, NHLBI |
Paul Greengard, U.S.A. (shared with
E. Kandel, U.S.A. and A. Carlsson, Sweden) |
Physiology or medicine |
2000 |
NIMH, NIA, NIDA, NINDS, NIAAA, NHLBI,
NIAMS |
Erik R. Kandel, U.S.A. (shared with P. Greengard, U.S.A.
and A. Carlsson, Sweden) |
" |
2000 |
NIMH, NIGMS, NINDS, NCRR |
James J. Heckman, U.S.A. (shared with
D. McFadden, U.S.A.) |
Economic sciences |
2000 |
NICHD, NIMH |
Daniel L. McFadden, U.S.A. (shared with J. Heckman,
U.S.A.) |
" |
2000 |
NIA |
Günter Blobel, U.S.A. |
Physiology or medicine |
1999 |
NIGMS, NCI |
Robert Furchgott, U.S.A. (shared with L. Ignarro and
F. Murad, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1998 |
NIGMS, NHLBI, NINDS |
Louis Ignarro, U.S.A. (shared with
F. Murad and R. Furchgott, U.S. A.) |
" |
1998 |
NHLBI, NIAMS, NICHD |
Ferid Murad, U.S.A. (sared with L. Ignarro and R. Furchgott,
U.S.A.) |
" |
1998 |
NIGMS, NHLBI, NIDDK |
Paul D. Boyer, U.S.A. (shared with
J.C. Skou, ) |
Chemistry |
1997 |
NIGMS, NIDDK |
Jens C. Skou, Denmark (shared with P.D. Boyer) |
" |
1997 |
NINDS |
Stanley B. Prusiner, U.S.A. Phyisology
or medicine |
Phyisology or medicine |
1997 |
NINDS, NIA, NCRR, NIGMS |
Edward B. Lewis, U.S.A. (shared with C. Nusslein-Volhard,
Germany, and E.F. Wieschaus, U.S.A.) |
" |
1995 |
NICHD, NIGMS |
Eric F. Wieschaus, U.S.A. (shared
with E.B. Lewis, U.S.A., and C. Nusslein-Volhard, Germany) |
" |
1995 |
NICHD |
Alfred G. Gilman, U.S.A. (shared with M. Rodbell, U.S.A.) |
" |
1994 |
NIGMS, NINDS |
Martin Rodbell,
U.S.A. (shared with A.G. Gilman, U.S.A.) |
" |
1994 |
NIEHS, NIDDK |
George A. Olah, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1994 |
NCI, NIGMS |
Phillip A. Sharp, U.S.A. (shared with
R. Roberts, U.K.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1993 |
NIGMS, NCI, NIAID, DRS, NCRR |
Richard Roberts, U.K. (shared with P.A. Sharp, U.S.A.) |
" |
1993 |
NCRR, NLM, NCHGR, NCI, NIGMS |
Kary B. Mullis, U.S.A. (shared with
M. Smith, Canada) |
Chemistry |
1993 |
NHBLI, NIAID, NIGMS |
Michael Smith, Canada (shared with K.B. Mullis, U.S.A.)
|
" |
1993 |
NIGMS |
Edwin G. Krebs, U.S.A (shared with
E.H. Fisher, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1992 |
NIDDK, NIGMS, NIAMS |
Edmond H. Fisher, U.S.A. (shared with E.G. Krebs, U.S.A.) |
" |
1992 |
NIDDK, NIGMS, NIAMS |
Gary Becker, U.S.A. |
Economics |
1992 |
NICHD |
Elias J. Corey, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1990 |
NIGMS, NCRR, NCI, NHLBI, NIAID |
E. Donnall Thomas, U.S.A. (shared
with J.E. Murray, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1990 |
NCI, NIAID, NIDDK |
Joseph E. Murray, U.S.A. (shared with E.D. Thomas, U.S.A.) |
" |
1990 |
NHLBI, NIAID |
Sidney Altman, U.S.A. (shared with
T. Cech, U.S.A.) |
Chemistry |
1989 |
NIGMS, NICHD |
Thomas Cech, U.S.A. (shared with S. Altman, U.S.A.)
|
" |
1989 |
NIGMS, NCI |
J. Michael Bishop, U.S.A (shared with
H.E. Varmus, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1989 |
NCI |
Harold E. Varmus, U.S.A. (shared with J.M. Bishop, U.S.A.)
|
" |
1989 |
NCI, NIAID |
Susumu Tonegawa, Japan |
" |
1987 |
NIAID |
Donald J. Cram, U.S.A. (shared with C.J. Pederson, U.S.A.,
and Jean-Marie Lehn, France) |
Chemistry |
1987 |
NIGMS |
Stanley Cohen, U.S.A. (shared with
R. Levi-Montalcini, U.S.A./Italy) |
Physiology or medicine |
1986 |
NICHD, NIGMS |
Rita Levi-Montalcini, U.S.A./Italy (shared with S. Cohen,
U.S.A.) |
" |
1986 |
NIMH, NINDS |
Herbert A. Hauptman, U.S.A. (shared
with J. Karle, U.S.A.) |
Chemistry |
1985 |
NIGMS, NIADDK, NHLBI, DRR |
Michael S. Brown, U.S.A. (shared with J.L. Goldstein,
U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1985 |
NHLBI, NIGMS, DRR |
Joseph L. Goldstein, U.S.A. (shared
with M.S. Brown, U.S.A.) |
" |
1985 |
NHLBI, NIGMS, DRR |
R. Bruce Merrifield, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1984 |
NIDDK |
Henry Taube, U.S.A. |
" |
1983 |
NIGMS |
Sune Bergstrom, Sweden (shared with J. R. Vane, U.K.
and B. Samuelsson, Sweden) |
Physiology or medicine |
1982 |
NHLBI, NLM, NICHD |
John R. Vane, U.K. (shared with S.
Bergstrom and B. Samuelsson, Sweden) |
" |
1982 |
DRG, NIGMS, NIMH |
Aaron Klug, U.K. Chemistry 1982 NIAID |
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Roald Hoffmann, U.S.A. (shared with
K. Fukui, Japan) |
" |
1981 |
NIGMS |
David H. Hubel, U.S.A. (shared with T. N. Wiesel, U.S.A./Sweden,
and R. W. Sperry, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1981 |
NEI, NIGMS, NINDS, DRR |
Torsten N. Wiesel, U.S.A./Sweden (shared
with D. H. Hubel and R. W. Sperry, U.S.A.) |
" |
1981 |
NEI, DRR, NINDS |
Paul Berg, U.S.A. (shared with W. Gilbert, U.S.A., and
F. Sanger, U.K.) |
Chemistry |
1980 |
NIGMS, NCI |
Walter Gilbert, U.S.A. (shared with
P. Berg, U.S.A., and F. Sanger, U.K.) |
" |
1980 |
NIGMS, NIDDK |
Baruj Benacerraf, U.S.A. (shared with G. D. Snell, U.S.A.,
and J. Dausset, France) |
Physiology or medicine |
1980 |
NIAID, NCI |
George D. Snell, U.S.A. (shared with
B. Benacerraf, U.S.A., and J. Dausset, France) |
" |
1980 |
NIAID, NCI |
Jean Dausset, France (shared with B. Benacerraf and
G. D. Snell, U.S.A.) |
" |
1980 |
NIAID, NCI |
Herbert C. Brown, U.S.A. (shared with
G. Wittig, W. Germany) |
Chemistry |
1979 |
NIGMS |
Hamilton O. Smith, U.S.A. (shared with D. Nathans, U.S.A.,
and W. Arber, Switzerland) |
Physiology or medicine |
1978 |
NIGMS, NIAID |
Daniel Nathans, U.S.A. (shared with
H. O. Smith, U.S.A., and W. Arber, Switzerland) |
" |
1978 |
NIGMS, NCI |
Roger C. L. Guillemin, U.S.A. (shared with A. V. Schally
and R. S. Yalow, U.S.A.) |
" |
1977 |
NIDDK, NICHD, DRR |
Andrew V. Schally, U.S.A. (shared
with R. C. L. Guillemin and R. S. Yalow, U.S.A.) |
" |
1977 |
NIDDK, NICHD, NIGMS |
D. Carleton Gajdusek,
U.S.A. (shared with B. S. Blumberg, U.S.A.) |
" |
1976 |
NINDS |
Baruch S. Blumberg, U.S.A. (shared
with D. C. Gajdusek, U.S.A.) |
" |
1976 |
NHLBI, NCI |
William N. Lipscomb, U.S.A |
Chemistry |
1976 |
NIGMS, DRG |
David Baltimore, U.S.A. (shared with
R. Dulbecco and H. M. Temin, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1975 |
NIAID, NCI |
Renato Dulbecco, U.S.A. (shared with D. Baltimore and
H. M. Temin, U.S.A.) |
" |
1975 |
NIAID, NCI |
Howard M. Temin, U.S.A. (shared with
D. Baltimore and R. Dulbecco, U.S.A.) |
" |
1975 |
NCI |
Albert Claude, Belgium (shared with C. de Duve, Belgium,
and G. E. Palade, U.S.A.) |
" |
1974 |
NCI |
George E. Palade, U.S.A. (shared with
C. de Duve and A. Claude, Belgium) |
" |
1974 |
NHLBI, NIGMS |
Christian de Duve, Belgium (shared with A. Claude, Belgium,
and G. E. Palade, U.S.A.) |
" |
1974 |
NICHD, NIGMS, NHLBI, NIA |
Gerald M. Edelman, U.S.A. (shared
with R. R. Porter, U.K.) |
" |
1972 |
NIDDK, NIAID, NICHD |
Rodney R. Porter, U.K. (shared with G. M. Edelman, U.S.A.)
“ 1972 NIAID |
" |
1972 |
NIAID |
Christian B.
Anfinsen, U.S.A. (shared with S. Moore and W. H. Stein, U.S.A.) |
Chemistry |
1972 |
NHLBI, NIDDK |
Stanford Moore, U.S.A. (shared with C. B. Anfinsen and
W. H. Stein, U.S.A.) |
" |
1972 |
NIGMS, NINDS |
William H. Stein, U.S.A. (shared with
C. B. Anfinsen and S. Moore, U.S.A.) |
" |
1972 |
NIGMS |
Earl W. Sutherland, Jr., U.S.A |
Physiology or medicine |
1971 |
NIGMS, NHLBI, NIDDK |
Julius Axelrod,
U.S.A. (shared with B. Katz, U.K., and U. von Euler, Sweden) |
" |
1970 |
NHLBI, NIMH |
Ulf von Euler, Sweden (shared with J. Axelrod, U.S.A.,
and B. Katz, U.K.) |
" |
1970 |
NINDS |
Luis Leloir, Argentina |
Chemistry |
1970 |
NIGMS, NIAID |
Max Delbruck, U.S.A. (shared with A. D. Hershey and
S. Luria, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1969 |
NIGMS |
Alfred D. Hershey, U.S.A. (shared
with M. Delbruck and S. Luria, U.S.A.) |
" |
1969 |
NIGMS, NCI, NICHD |
Salvador Luria, U.S.A. (shared with M. Delbruck and
A. D. Hershey, U.S.A.) |
" |
1969 |
NIAID, NIGMS, NCI |
Robert W. Holley, U.S.A. (shared with
H. G. Khorana and M. W. Nirenberg, U.S.A.) |
" |
1968 |
NIGMS, NCI |
H. Gobind Khorana, U.S.A. (shared with R. W. Holley
and M. W. Nirenberg, U.S.A.) |
" |
1968 |
NIGMS, NCI, NIAID |
Marshall W.
Nirenberg, U.S.A. (shared with R. W. Holley and H. G. Khorana,
U.S.A.) |
" |
1968 |
NHLBI |
Lars Onsager, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1968 |
NIGMS |
Haldan K. Hartline, U.S.A. (shared
with G. Wald, U.S.A., and R. Granit, Sweden) |
Physiology or medicine |
1967 |
NINDS, NEI |
George Wald, U.S.A. (shared with H. K. Hartline, U.S.A.,
and R. Granit, Sweden) |
" |
1967 |
NINDS, NEI |
Charles B. Huggins, U.S.A. (shared
with P. Rous, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1966 |
NCI, NIDDK, NIGMS |
Jacques L. Monod, France (shared with F. Jacob and A.
Lwoff, France) |
" |
1965 |
NIAID |
Robert B. Woodward, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1965 |
NIGMS, NHLBI, DRG, NIDDK |
Konrad Bloch, U.S.A. (shared with F. Lynen, Germany) |
Physiology or medicine |
1964 |
NIGMS, NHLBI, DRG |
James D. Watson, U.S.A. (shared with
F. H. C. Crick and M. H. F. Wilkins, U.K.) |
" |
1962 |
NIGMS, NIDDK, NCI, DRR, NIAID |
John C. Kendrew, U.K. (shared with M. F. Perutz, U.K.) |
Chemistry |
1962 |
NIDDK |
Melvin Calvin, U.S.A. |
" |
1961 |
DRG, NCI |
Peter B. Medawar, U.K. (shared with F. M. Burnet, Australia) |
Physiology or medicine |
1960 |
NIAID |
Arthur Kornberg, U.S.A. (shared with
S. Ochoa, U.S.A.) |
" |
1959 |
NIGMS, NIAID, NCI, NIDDK, NIA |
Severo Ochoa, U.S.A. (shared with A. Kornberg, U.S.A.) |
" |
1959 |
NIDDK, NIGMS, NCI, DRG |
George W. Beadle, U.S.A. (shared with
J. Lederberg and E. L. Tatum, U.S.A.) |
" |
1958 |
NIGMS, NHLBI |
Joshua Lederberg, U.S.A. (shared with G. W. Beadle and
E. L. Tatum, U.S.A. |
" |
1958 |
NIGMS, NIAID, NINDS, NICHD, DRR, NCI |
Edward L. Tatum, U.S.A. (shared with
G. W. Beadle and J. Lederberg, U.S.A.) |
" |
1958 |
NIGMS, NCI |
Dickinson W. Richards, Jr., U.S.A. (shared with A. Cournand,
U.S.A., and W. Forssmann, Germany) |
" |
1956 |
NIDDK, NCI, NHLBI, NIGMS |
Vincent du Vigneaud, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1955 |
NHLBI, NCI, NIGMS, DRG |
Thomas H. Weller, U.S.A. (shared with J. F. Enders and
F. C. Robbins, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1954 |
NIAID, NIGMS |
Linus C. Pauling, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1954 |
NIGMS, NHLBI, DRG, NIAID, NCI |
Fritz A. Lipmann, U.S.A. (shared with H. A. Krebs, U.K.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1953 |
NIGMS, NCI |
Philip S. Hench, U.S.A. (shared with
E. C. Kendall, U.S.A., and T. Reichstein, Switzerland) |
" |
1950 |
NIGMS |
E. O. Lawrence, U.S.A. |
Physics |
1939 |
NCI |
NIH Scientists
1994 – Dr. Martin Rodbell, National Institute
of Environmental Health Sciences, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology
or Medicine with Dr. G. Alfred Gilman of the University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Rodbell dis- covered in 1970 that
signal transmission requires a cellular molecule called GTP. In 1977 Dr.
Gillman identified the proteins to which GTP binds and named them “G proteins.”
They are a family of proteins bound to the cell surface membranes that
serve as intermediaries between incoming signals and cellular proteins
that respond to these signals. Dr. Rodbell conducted this research while
an intramural scientist with the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic
Diseases (now NIDDK).
1976 – Dr. D. Carleton Gajdusek, National Institute of Neurological
Disorders and Stroke, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
with Dr. Baruch S. Blumberg, of the Institute for Cancer Research in Philadelphia.
They won the award for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for
the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases. Dr. Blumberg was
at NIH (with the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases)
in the 1960s, and did part of his prizewinning research at NIH.
1972 – Dr. Christian B. Anfinsen (formerly with the National Institute
of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases) won the Nobel Prize
in Chemistry for his work “on ribonuclease, especially concerning the
connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active
conformation.” Dr. Anfinsen provided the first clue to the structure of
ribonuclease by demonstrating that it is comprised of a single polypeptide
chain. He and his colleagues at Rockefeller University (with whom he shared
the prize) demonstrated that the information required to fold the polypeptide
chain of ribonuclease into the specific three-dimensional form of the
active enzyme resides in the sequence of amino acids. Therefore, it became
clear that this protein could be synthesized in the laboratory by joining
the proper amino acids in the correct order and then allowing the chain
of amino acids to fold spontaneously. This led to the first synthesis
of an enzyme from chemicals in the laboratory. Such studies are basic
to an understanding of normal life processes as well as of inherited metabolic
diseases.
1970 – Dr. Julius Axelrod, National Institute
of Mental Health, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with
two scientists from England and Sweden for independent research into the
chemistry of nerve transmission. The three were cited for their “discoveries
concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanisms
for their storage, release and inactivation.” Specifically, Dr. Axelrod
found an enzyme that terminates the action of the nerve transmitter, noradrenaline.
He also demonstrated that some antidepressant drugs act by preventing
the reuptake of noradrenaline and thus prolong its action in the brain.
1968 – Dr. Marshall W. Nirenberg, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering
the key to deciphering the genetic code. Dr. Nirenberg and two other researchers,
working independently, with whom he shared the prize, made major advances
in understanding the chemical mechanisms by which genetic language or
information is translated into various proteins that determine the nature
and characteristics of all living things. Dr. Nirenberg was the first
NIH Nobelist and also the first Federal employee to receive a Nobel Prize.
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