Topic last updated Jan. 2006
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Toolbox
Risk
Assessment
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note: Some
links on this page take you outside the Better Diabetes Care website. The NDEP
does not endorse or otherwise guarantee the accuracy of links that take you out
of this website.
Risk
assessment tools can help health care providers and people with diabetes
to identify specific risk factors that can be changed to reduce the
overall risk for cardiovascular disease and death. Plans then can
be put into practice to modify the risk factors.
A
Risk Score for Cardiovascular Disease
www.riskscore.org.uk
This site offers a "Risk Score" calculator. The risk score is an objective aid to assessing
an individual's risk of cardiovascular disease, including stroke and coronary heart
disease. It is useful for physicians when determining an individual's
need for antihypertensive treatment and other management strategies
for cardiovascular risk. The site links to an article that describes
the development of the risk score: S. Pocock, V. McCormack, F. Gueyffier,
et al. A score for predicting risk of cardiovascular death in adults
with elevated blood pressure, BMJ 14 July, 2001, pp 75-81.
Framingham
Heart Study "Score Sheet" to Estimate an Individual's
Risk for Developing Heart Disease
www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/framingham/riskabs.htm
Framingham Heart Study researchers have developed a score sheet
to help predict when a person may suffer angina, a heart attack,
or die from heart disease. The risk is determined by assessing multiple
factors known to contribute to heart disease such as high blood
pressure and cholesterol, smoking and diabetes.
The test provides a physician and his or her patient with one number
that is predictive of risk. This "global" number also
can be used to show how one person's risk compares to people of
the same age whose risk factor scores are average or optimal. The
study calculates the risk of developing heart disease in the next
10 years.
From a one-page score sheet that is filled out by hand or on the
computer, a patient can see his or her risk number as soon as the
results of blood pressure and other tests can be entered.
The
UKPDS risk engine: a model for estimating the risk of coronary heart
disease in Type II diabetes
www.dtu.ox.ac.uk/riskengine
The UKPDS Risk Engine is a downloadable program that has been developed specifically
for calculating the risk of coronary heart disease in individuals
with type 2 diabetes. Based on data collected from 5,102 patients
followed for up to 20 years in the UK Prospective Diabetes Study,
the UKPDS Risk Engine not only incorporates diabetes-specific variables
but also is the first widely-available risk calculator to give an
approximate 'margin of error' for each estimate.
The UKPDS Risk Engine provides risk estimates and
95% confidence intervals for both coronary heart disease and stroke
in individuals with type 2 diabetes not known to have heart disease.
These can be calculated for any given duration of type 2 diabetes
based on current age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, presence or
absence of atrial fibrillation and levels of HbA1c, systolic blood
pressure, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.
ATP
III Cholesterol Management Implementation Tool for Palm OS from
the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) hin.nhlbi.nih.gov/atpiii/atp3palm.htm
hin.nhlbi.nih.gov/atpiii/calculator.asp?usertype=prof (Online Tool)
hin.nhlbi.nih.gov/atpiii/riskcalc.htm (Downloadable PC Tool)
The
Palm OS® (Operating System) program is
an application of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education
Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment
of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III).
This interactive tool is designed for use at the point of care to
assist clinicians to implement the ATPIII Cholesterol Guidelines.
The program also contains usable information from ATP III including:
-
ATP III classification of lipid levels.
-
ATP III CHD risk assessment.
- Therapeutic
Lifestyle Changes.
-
Drug therapy for lipid lowering.
- Information
on the metabolic syndrome.
- Issues
for special populations.
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