References and Resources

On this page:

• Related links inside CDC
• Related links outside CDC
• Congressional testimony
• Professional associations
• Nongovernmental organizations
• Recommended readings

• Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases (CCID)
• Division of Bacterial Diseases (DBD)
• Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (DHQP)
• Arctic Investigation Program (AIP)
• Antimicrobial Resistance in Alaska
• Public Health Image Library (PHIL™)

• MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)
• Flu
• Germstopper
• Medication Safety
• Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)
• Fight BAC!® Partnership for Food Safety Education (CDC Partnership)
• Hand hygiene in healthcare settings
• Antimicrobial Resistance in the Healthcare Setting
• Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings
• NARMS (National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System)
  • Antimicrobial resistance and foodborne illness
  • Antimicrobial resistance in agriculture - Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work on the Farm
• ABCs (Active Bacterial Core Surveillance)

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Federal and State Government

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (exit site)
  • The Centers for Education and Research on Therapeutics (CERTs) (exit site)
    A research program administered by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), in consultation with the Food and Drug Administration, agencies within the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The mission of the CERTs is to conduct research and provide education that will advance the optimal use of drugs, medical devices, and biological products.
  • Children's Health - parental pressure (exit site)
    Parental pressure for antibiotics can influence pediatricians' treatment decisions
  • Children's Health - educational materials (exit site)
    Educational materials do not substantially increase parents' knowledge and attitudes about the use of antibiotics
  • Pharmaceutical Research (exit site)
    Asthma patients with uncontrolled symptoms receive more antibiotics than those whose asthma is better controlled
  • Clinical Evidence (exit site)
    Shows Limited Effect of Antibiotic Treatment on Children With Acute Otitis Media.
  • Clinical Decision making (exit site)
    Researchers examine the use of antibiotics to treat acute respiratory infections in otherwise healthy adults
  • Evidence-Based Medicine (exit site)
    Using a simple set of clinical criteria is a cost-effective approach to treating suspected acute bacterial sinusitis
  • Computerized guidelines (exit site)
    reduce prescribing by hospital doctors of an expensive and over prescribed antibiotic.
  • Evidence Report/Technology Assessment, No. 43 (exit site)
    Making Health Care Safer, A Critical Analysis of Patient Safety Practices
    • Impact of Changes in Antibiotic Use Practices on Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance (exit site)
      Clostridium difficile and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
• US Agency for International Development (exit site)
  • Infectious Disease Initiative (exit site)
    Strategies and Interventions to Understand, Contain, and Respond To the Development and Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance
• U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) (exit site)
  • Antimicrobial Resistance-The USDA Perspective (exit site)
    Remarks prepared for delivery by Dr. Catherine Woteki, Under Secretary for Food Safety, before the conference on Antimicrobial Resistance sponsored by the Royal Society of Medicine Foundation, the Royal Society of Medicine, and the Tufts University School of Medicine, May 4, 2000, Washington, D.C.
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (exit site)
  • HHS Fact Sheet: Antimicrobial Resistance: The Public Health Response (exit site)
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (exit site)
  • Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER): Antimicrobial Resistance (exit site)
    • Proposed FDA rule on additional labeling for antibacterial drug products regarding resistance (exit site)
    • Drug Shortages (exit site) (including How to Report a Drug Shortage (exit site)). See also American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Drug Product Shortages Management Resource Center (exit site)
  • The Rise of Antibiotic-Resistant Infections (exit site)
    FDA Consumer magazine, September 1995
  • Inside FDA: When a Drug Is in Short Supply (exit site) (from the FDA Consumer Magazine) (exit site)
  • Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM): Antimicrobial Resistance (exit site)
    • FDA announces Public Meeting on Antimicrobial Resistance (exit site) October 2, 2002 - "Discussion of the 'Draft Guidance for Industry: Evaluating the Safety of Antimicrobial New Animal Drugs with Regards to Their Microbiological Effects on Bacteria of Human Health Concern'"
    • Draft Guidance for Industry: Evaluating the Safety of Antimicrobial New Animal Drugs With Regard to Their Microbiological Effects on Bacteria of Human Health Concern (exit site)
      Word Version (.doc)
      PDF Version (.pdf)
  • Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) (exit site)
    • Office of Pharmacy Affairs (OPA, formerly Office of Drug Pricing) (exit site)
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH) (exit site)
    • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (exit site)
      • Antimicrobial Resistance (exit site)
      • Global Health Research (exit site)
    • National Cancer Institute (NCI) (exit site)
      • HIV Drug Resistance Program (HIV DRP) (exit site)
      • Fogarty International Center (exit site)

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• Antimicrobial Resistance (exit site)
  Hearing before the U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, September 20, 2000.

• Antimicrobial Resistance as a Public Health Issue (exit site)
  Statement of Jeffrey P. Koplan, M.D., M.P.H., Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, before the U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, September 20, 2000.

• Antimicrobial Resistance (exit site)
  Statement of James M. Hughes, M.D., Director, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, before the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, Subcommittee on Public Health and Safety, February 25, 1999.

• Antimicrobial Resistance: The NIH Response to a Growing Problem (exit site)
  Statement of Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, before the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, Subcommittee on Public Health and Safety, February 25, 1999.

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• American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) (exit site)

• American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) (exit site)

• American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine (ACP-ASIM) (exit site)

• American Medical Association (AMA) (exit site)

• American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) (exit site)

• American Society for Microbiology (ASM) (exit site)

• American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) (exit site)

• Judicious Therapeutic Use of Antimicrobials (exit site)

• Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) (exit site)

• Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) (exit site)

• Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) (exit site)

• Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS) (exit site)

• Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) (exit site)

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• Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics (APUA) (exit site)
  Conducts educational, research and international networking activities to promote more appropriate use of antibiotics.

• CDC Foundation (exit site)
  Nonprofit enterprise that fights threats to health by creating programs with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

• Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Antimicrobial Resistance (CIRAR) (exit site) Aims to plan, implement, and evaluate outcomes of a core program and curriculum to prepare biomedical researchers to conduct interdisciplinary research.

• National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID) (exit site)
  Supports research that will lead to a better understanding of the causes, cures, and prevention of infectious diseases.

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Recommended Readings

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