Industries in the Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries subsector group establishments involved in the production and distribution of motion pictures and sound recordings. While producers and distributors of motion pictures and sound recordings issue works for sale as traditional publishers do, the processes are sufficiently different to warrant placing establishments engaged in these activities in a separate subsector. Production is typically a complex process that involves several distinct types of establishments that are engaged in activities, such as contracting with performers, creating the film or sound content, and providing technical postproduction services. Film distribution is often to exhibitors, such as theaters and broadcasters, rather than through the wholesale and retail distribution chain. When the product is in a mass-produced form, NAICS treats production and distribution as the major economic activity as it does in the Publishing Industries subsector, rather than as a subsidiary activity to the manufacture of such products.
This subsector does not include establishments primarily engaged in the wholesale distribution of videocassettes and sound recordings, such as compact discs and audio tapes; these establishments are included in the Wholesale Trade sector. Reproduction of videocassettes and sound recordings that is carried out separately from establishments engaged in production and distribution is treated in NAICS as a manufacturing activity.
This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the production and/or distribution of motion pictures, videos, television programs, or commercials; in the exhibition of motion pictures; or in the provision of postproduction and related services.
See industry description for 512110 below.
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in producing, or producing and distributing motion pictures, videos, television programs, or television commercials.
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--
Go to: | No change 2002 to 2007 | No change 1997 to 2002 | 2002 Economic Census and other data sources |
2007 NAICS | 2002 NAICS | 1997 NAICS |
Corresponding Index Entries |
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512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Animated cartoon production |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Animated cartoon production and distribution |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Commercials, television, production |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Film studios producing films |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Films, motion picture production |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Films, motion picture production and distribution |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Instructional video production |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Motion picture and video production |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Motion picture and video production and distribution |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Motion picture production |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Motion picture production and distribution |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Motion picture studios, producing motion pictures |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Movie production and distribution |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Music video production |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Music video production and distribution |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Program producing, television |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Television commercial production |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Television show production |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Video production |
512110 | 512110 | 512110 | Video production and distribution |
See industry description for 512120 below.
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acquiring distribution rights and distributing film and video productions to motion picture theaters, television networks and stations, and exhibitors.
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--
Go to: | No change 2002 to 2007 | No change 1997 to 2002 | 2002 Economic Census and other data sources |
2007 NAICS | 2002 NAICS | 1997 NAICS |
Corresponding Index Entries |
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512120 | 512120 | 512120 | Animated cartoon distribution |
512120 | 512120 | 512120 | Film distribution agencies |
512120 | 512120 | 512120 | Film distribution, motion picture and video |
512120 | 512120 | 512120 | Film libraries, commercial distribution |
512120 | 512120 | 512120 | Motion picture distribution exclusive of production |
512120 | 512120 | 512120 | Motion picture film distributors |
512120 | 512120 | 512120 | Motion picture film libraries |
512120 | 512120 | 512120 | Tape distribution for television |
512120 | 512120 | 512120 | Television show syndicators |
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating motion picture theaters and/or exhibiting motion pictures or videos at film festivals, and so forth.
This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating motion picture theaters (except drive-ins) and/or exhibiting motion pictures or videos at film festivals, and so forth.
Go to: | No change 2002 to 2007 | No change 1997 to 2002 | 2002 Economic Census and other data sources |
2007 NAICS | 2002 NAICS | 1997 NAICS |
Corresponding Index Entries |
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512131 | 512131 | 512131 | Cinemas |
512131 | 512131 | 512131 | Film festivals exhibitors |
512131 | 512131 | 512131 | Motion picture exhibition |
512131 | 512131 | 512131 | Motion picture exhibitors for airlines |
512131 | 512131 | 512131 | Motion picture exhibitors, itinerant |
512131 | 512131 | 512131 | Motion picture theaters, indoor |
512131 | 512131 | 512131 | Movie theaters (except drive-in) |
512131 | 512131 | 512131 | Theaters, motion picture (except drive-in) |
512131 | 512131 | 512131 | Theaters, motion picture, indoor |
This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating drive-in motion picture theaters.
Go to: | No change 2002 to 2007 | No change 1997 to 2002 | 2002 Economic Census and other data sources |
2007 NAICS | 2002 NAICS | 1997 NAICS |
Corresponding Index Entries |
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512132 | 512132 | 512132 | Drive-in motion picture theaters |
512132 | 512132 | 512132 | Motion picture theaters, drive-in |
512132 | 512132 | 512132 | Movie theaters, drive-in |
512132 | 512132 | 512132 | Open air motion picture theaters |
512132 | 512132 | 512132 | Theaters, motion picture, drive-in |
512132 | 512132 | 512132 | Theaters, outdoor motion picture |
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing postproduction services and other services to the motion picture industry, including specialized motion picture or video postproduction services, such as editing, film/tape transfers, titling, subtitling, credits, closed captioning, and computer-produced graphics, animation and special effects, as well as developing and processing motion picture film.
Illustrative Examples:
Motion picture film laboratories Stock footage film libraries Postproduction facilities Teleproduction services
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--
This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing specialized motion picture or video postproduction services, such as editing, film/tape transfers, subtitling, credits, closed captioning, and animation and special effects.
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--
Go to: | No change 2002 to 2007 | No change 1997 to 2002 | 2002 Economic Census and other data sources |
2007 NAICS | 2002 NAICS | 1997 NAICS |
Corresponding Index Entries |
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512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Closed captioning services, taped material |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Film or tape closed captioning |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Film or video transfer services |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Motion picture animation, post-production |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Motion picture or video editing services |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Motion picture or video post-production services |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Motion picture or video titling |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Motion picture production special effects, post-production |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Post-production facilities, motion picture or video |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Post-synchronization sound dubbing |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Sound dubbing services, motion picture |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Special effects for motion picture production, post-production |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Subtitling of motion picture film or video |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Tape transfer service |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Teleproduction services |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Titling of motion picture film or video |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Video conversion services (i.e., between formats) |
512191 | 512191 | 512191 | Video post-production services |
This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing motion picture and video services (except motion picture and video production, distribution, exhibition, and teleproduction and other postproduction services).
Illustrative Examples:
Motion picture film laboratories Stock footage film libraries
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--
Go to: | No change 2002 to 2007 | No change 1997 to 2002 | 2002 Economic Census and other data sources |
2007 NAICS | 2002 NAICS | 1997 NAICS |
Corresponding Index Entries |
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512199 | 512199 | 512199 | Booking agencies, motion picture |
512199 | 512199 | 512199 | Booking agencies, motion picture or video productions |
512199 | 512199 | 512199 | Film libraries, motion picture or video, stock footage |
512199 | 512199 | 512199 | Film processing laboratories, motion picture |
512199 | 512199 | 512199 | Laboratory services, motion picture |
512199 | 512199 | 512199 | Libraries, motion picture stock footage film |
512199 | 512199 | 512199 | Libraries, videotape, stock footage |
512199 | 512199 | 512199 | Motion picture booking agencies |
512199 | 512199 | 512199 | Motion picture film laboratories |
512199 | 512199 | 512199 | Motion picture film libraries, stock footage |
512199 | 512199 | 512199 | Motion picture film reproduction for theatrical distribution |
512199 | 512199 | 512199 | Motion picture laboratories |
512199 | 512199 | 512199 | Reproduction of motion picture films for theatrical distribution |
512199 | 512199 | 512199 | Stock footage film libraries |
512199 | 512199 | 512199 | Videotape libraries, stock footage |
This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in producing and distributing musical recordings, in publishing music, or in providing sound recording and related services.
See industry description for 512210 below.
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in record production (e.g., tapes, CDs). These establishments contract with artists and arrange and finance the production of original master recordings. Establishments in this industry hold the copyright to the master recording and derive most of their revenues from the sales, leasing, and licensing of master recordings. Establishments in this industry do not have their own duplication or distribution capabilities.
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--
Go to: | No change 2002 to 2007 | No change 1997 to 2002 | 2002 Economic Census and other data sources |
2007 NAICS | 2002 NAICS | 1997 NAICS |
Corresponding Index Entries |
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512210 | 512210 | 512210 | Master recording leasing and licensing |
512210 | 512210 | 512210 | Record producers (except independent) |
512210 | 512210 | 512210 | Record production (except independent record producers) without duplication or distribution |
See industry description for 512220 below.
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in releasing, promoting, and distributing sound recordings. These establishments manufacture or arrange for the manufacture of recordings, such as audio tapes/cassettes and compact discs, and promote and distribute these products to wholesalers, retailers, or directly to the public. Establishments in this industry produce master recordings themselves, or obtain reproduction and distribution rights to master recordings produced by record production companies or other integrated record companies.
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--
Go to: | No change 2002 to 2007 | No change 1997 to 2002 | 2002 Economic Census and other data sources |
2007 NAICS | 2002 NAICS | 1997 NAICS |
Corresponding Index Entries |
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512220 | 512220 | 512220 | Integrated record companies (i.e., releasing, promoting, distributing) |
512220 | 512220 | 512220 | Integrated record production and distribution |
512220 | 512220 | 512220 | Musical recording, releasing, promoting, and distributing |
512220 | 512220 | 512220 | Prerecorded audio tapes and compact discs integrated manufacture, release, and distribution |
512220 | 512220 | 512220 | Record releasing, promoting, and distributing combined with mass duplication |
512220 | 512220 | 512220 | Sound recording, integrated production, reproduction, release, and distribution |
512220 | 512220 | 512220 | Sound recording, releasing, promoting, and distributing |
See industry description for 512230 below.
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in acquiring and registering copyrights for musical compositions in accordance with law and promoting and authorizing the use of these compositions in recordings, radio, television, motion pictures, live performances, print, or other media. Establishments in this industry represent the interests of the songwriter or other owners of musical compositions to produce revenues from the use of such works, generally through licensing agreements. These establishments may own the copyright or act as administrator of the music copyrights on behalf of copyright owners. Publishers of music books and sheet music are included in this industry.
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged as independent songwriters who act as their own publishers are classified in Industry 711510, Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers.
Go to: | No change 2002 to 2007 | No change 1997 to 2002 | 2002 Economic Census and other data sources |
2007 NAICS | 2002 NAICS | 1997 NAICS |
Corresponding Index Entries |
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512230 | 512230 | 512230 | Music book (i.e., bound sheet music) publishers |
512230 | 512230 | 512230 | Music book (i.e., bound sheet music) publishers and printing combined |
512230 | 512230 | 512230 | Music copyright authorizing use |
512230 | 512230 | 512230 | Music copyright buying and licensing |
512230 | 512230 | 512230 | Music publishers |
512230 | 512230 | 512230 | Music, sheet, publishers and printing combined |
512230 | 512230 | 512230 | Publishers, music |
512230 | 512230 | 512230 | Sheet music publishers |
512230 | 512230 | 512230 | Sheet music publishers and printing combined |
512230 | 512230 | 512230 | Song publishers |
512230 | 512230 | 512230 | Song publishers and printing combined |
See industry description for 512240 below.
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing the facilities and technical expertise for sound recording in a studio. This industry includes establishments that provide audio production and postproduction services to produce master recordings. These establishments may provide audio services for film, television, and video productions.
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--
Go to: | No change 2002 to 2007 | No change 1997 to 2002 | 2002 Economic Census and other data sources |
2007 NAICS | 2002 NAICS | 1997 NAICS |
Corresponding Index Entries |
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512240 | 512240 | 512240 | Audio recording post-production services |
512240 | 512240 | 512240 | Recording studios, sound, operating on a contract or fee basis |
512240 | 512240 | 512240 | Sound recording studios (except integrated record companies) |
See industry description for 512290 below.
This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing sound recording services (except record production, distribution, music publishing, and sound recording in a studio). Establishments in this industry provide services, such as the audio recording of meetings and conferences.
Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--
Go to: | No change 2002 to 2007 | No change 1997 to 2002 | 2002 Economic Census and other data sources |
2007 NAICS | 2002 NAICS | 1997 NAICS |
Corresponding Index Entries |
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512290 | 512290 | 512290 | Audio recording of meetings or conferences |
512290 | 512290 | 512290 | Music program distribution, pre-recorded |
512290 | 512290 | 512290 | Radio program tape production (except independent producers) |
512290 | 512290 | 512290 | Recording books on tape or disc (except publishers) |
512290 | 512290 | 512290 | Recording seminars and conferences, audio |
512290 | 512290 | 512290 | Stock music and other audio services |
512290 | 512290 | 512290 | Stock sound library (e.g., general background sounds, stock music) |