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Projects
This page lists all of NCEA's ongoing or recently completed research activities, organized alphabetically by project title. Scroll down the list to find the project of your choice in the alphabetical title listing. You may also use the search box below to find a specific project of interest. The search function searches both the project title and the project abstract based on words or phrases you enter in the search box. Your search has returned 143 Matching Entries
A case study assessing the utility of this approach was performed for bisphenol A (BPA). BPA, a component of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and polyester resins, was selected because it is a high production volume chemical; data have been ide...
The objective of this activity is to utilize a combination of existing scientific knowledge and professional expertise and experience to develop a research strategy for lessening the incidence and the impact of accidental injuries associated with inc...
A Planning Document was produced by NCEA/RTP and reviewed by the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) (62 FR 55201, October 23, 1997). In FY99, a workshop draft of the PM AQCD was completed, a peer input workshop held, and an External Rev...
Risk Assessments attempt to consider the influence of human variability on the range of risks possible from chemical exposure. A variety of host-specific factors such as age, gender, health and nutritional status and other special sensitivities can i...
In the U.S.-Mexico border region, unreliable potable water supplies and the discharge of untreated wastewater are persistent environmental and public health problems. New management structures are needed for prioritizing uses of scarce water resource...
This project will evaluate the role of climate change on coral reef condition (particularly with respect to occurrence of coral bleaching) and examine mechanisms for adapting environmental protection and management strategies to better protect this u...
The project addresses the vulnerability of aquatic ecosystems and water quality to prolonged, severe drought in the South Platte River Basin. It explores the potential consequences to aquatic ecosystems and water quality of the Basin in the context ...
The objective of this project is to evaluate the effect that potential climate change related precipitation and storm intensity changes may have on the frequency and size of CSO events in the future. If the frequency of CSO events increases significa...
EPA's Global Change Research Program is conducting assessments of the potential consequences of global change in four areas: water quality, air quality, human health, and ecosystem health. Work in the water quality focus area includes examination of ...
The objective of this project is to develop a report on global change factors related to governance and institutions that can be expected to affect protected areas and their management in the 21st century. This work will assist the IUCN Programme on...
The objective of this project is to provide an assessment tool to assist the Goleta Water District, as well as other water utilities that use Lake Cachuma as a water supply, in understanding the relationship between climate change and source water qu...
An ORD-OAR working group is conducting a multiphase assessment of the impact of global change on US regional air quality. Activities contributing to the assessment include: preparation of an interim report discussing the current results from the fir...
This project is developing an approach to identifying public water systems that are potentially vulnerable to sea level rise. Using data from the OW's SDWIS and BASINS data bases, and the National Wetlands Inventory, we are identifying drinking water...
The purpose of this project is to investigate the potential dioxin exposure to artists/hobbyists who use ball clay to make pottery and related products. This project will focus on artists working in a ceramics studio where exposure could occur via t...
Until recently, EPA dose-response assessments relied on the determination of no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAELs), which represent the highest experimental dose for which no adverse health effects have been documented. Using the NOAEL in determ...
In eastern North Carolina the Neuse River and Neuse Estuary have been heavily impacted by the byproducts of row crop and livestock agriculture, forestry operations, and industry as well as effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Non-poin...
The Causal Analysis/Diagnosis Decision Information System (CADDIS) is a web-based system that provides technical support for states, tribes and other users of the Office of Water's Stressor Identification Guidance. The Stressor Identification Guidan...
Risk assessments are based on questions that the assessor asks about scientific information that is relevant to human and/or environmental risk. The risk characterization also provides an evaluation of the assumptions, uncertainties, and selection of...
Over the past decade there has been a dramatic increase in the recognition and public health concern for children as a potentially susceptible population for exposure to environmental agents. The recently convened workshop to develop a framework for...
The stressor identification program developed guidance for identifying the causes of biological impairments in the nation's waters:
U.S. EPA. 2000. Stressor identification guidance document. EPA/822/B-00/025. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency...
People contact sediment during a variety of activities such as fishing, wading and boating. A number of default assumptions are used today to characterize dermal contact with sediments in terms of magnitude, frequency and duration. The accuracy of ...
The Exposure Factors Handbook provides a summary of the available statistical data on various factors used in assessing human exposure including drinking water consumption, soil ingestion rates, inhalation rates, dermal factors including skin area an...
Some sub-populations, such as infants and children or those with weakened immune systems, are known to be particularly sensitive to the effects of certain waterborne pathogens and chemicals. The 1996 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) r...
The 1995EPA Administrators policy for Evaluating Health Risks to Children, provisions in the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments, and the 1997 Presidential Executive Order 13045 on Protection of Children, all e...
EPA scientists are working with the National Institute of Occupational Health (NIOH), Ahmedabad, India, to study health effects of lead, specifically on growth and puberty in children. The project includes two sites, Ahmedabad and Calcutta. The for...
In this project, outdoor and indoor air pollution exposures will be ascertained, and prevalences of respiratory illnesses and symptoms will be ascertained, for children and adults who live in the same districts as were studied in the original coopera...
NCEA's Global Change Research Program has partnered with the World Health Organization to host workshops on the impacts of climate change on human health across vulnerable regions worldwide, including the Central Asian Republics (Uzebekistan), China,...
Coral reef ecosystems are sensitive to changes in climate, climate variability, land use, and UV radiation. This report was designed to take advantage of diverse research and monitoring efforts that are ongoing in American Samoa to: analyze and comp...
The objective of this project is to assess the impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystems in the Alaska North Slope. EPA's Global Change Research Program is working with the University of Alaska, the North Slope Borough, and local residents (th...
A method is being developed for performing assessments of human health risk from acute (less than 24 hour) inhalation exposures. The methodology will be flexible in its ability to utilize variously robust data sets of dose-response information. A ...
Conceptual models, as defined here, describe and illustrate the relationships between ecological receptors, the stressors to which they may be exposed, and the potential sources of the those stressors within a particular area or ecosystem. This docum...
Sediments serve as the dominant sink for many chemical pollutants, in particular those which are highly hydrophobic and have a greater tendency to bioaccumulate in aquatic food webs. A variety of toxicological benchmarks and laboratory bioassays hav...
Scope: The periodic (5 years) review of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM) and the subsequent determination by EPA and NAS of particulate matter research needs have identified areas of uncertainty inc...
The project explored different cultural models of the environment and how they can be used in planning for integrated ecological and human-health risk assessments, risk-communication efforts, and robust risk decision making. Although they may share...
The risk assessment of weathered toxaphene is currently being investigated by NCEA-Cin in an effort to evaluate the potential health risks from exposure to complex mixture of weathered chemicals under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The goal o...
Under the Food Quality Protection Act, the Agency is required to consider all routes of exposure. However, the procedures to construct these kind of assessments has not been demonstrated largely due to a lack of exposure monitoring data. This proje...
The mechanisms by which contaminants are released from sediments/soils and absorbed into the skin are poorly understood. The project will first conduct invitro experiments to study the effects of particle layering and chemical saturation. Secondly,...
Estimates of dermal absorption of chemicals reported in the literature are highly variable due to the different measurement methods used. This makes it difficult to estimate dermal exposure accurately and to predict the dermal absorption of untested...
The world's largest diversity of freshwater mussels is found in North America. However, freshwater mussel populations are in decline and more than 66% of the species in North America have been classified as endangered, threatened or of special concer...
Bivalves filter suspended phytoplankton, detritus and bacteria from the water column. During feeding contaminants associated with these suspended materials or dissolved in the water are ingested and potentially bioaccumulated in both soft tissue and ...
Humans are exposed daily to complex mixtures of drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) via oral, dermal, and inhalation routes. Some positive epidemiological studies suggest reproductive and developmental effects and cancer are associated wit...
Scope: Primary project goals are: (a) evaluate usefulness of a newly-developed, real-time, continuous monitor for total (nonvolatile plus semivolatile) PM2.5 mass, and particularly time- and health-relevance of this method as compared to oth...
Neurobehavioral studies pose unique challenges for dose-response modeling, including small sample size and relatively large intra-subject variation, repeated measurements over time, multiple endpoints with both continuous and ordinal scales, and time...
Advances in human health risk assessment, especially for contaminants encountered by the inhalation route, have evolved so that the uncertainty factors (UF) used in the extrapolation of non-cancer effects across species (UFA) have been split into the...
The Agency's guidance for the derivation of RfD and RfC values call for the downward adjustment of exposure-response levels observed in animals and/or humans to account for the potentially greater sensitivity of humans as compared to test animals (UF...
A population focused cumulative health risk assessment of a contaminated site or situation can include the evaluation of toxic risk from multiple chemicals, by multiple pathways, over different time frames of exposure, with multiple sensitive populat...
The Nature Conservancy (TNC), the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and The World Conservation Union (IUCN) are collaborating on a joint initiative to mitigate the impacts of coral bleaching through marine protected area (MPA) design. TNC and WWF hosted an e...
Pesticides are used in the agricultural and residential settings to control unwanted species of plants, insects, and animals. However, pesticides may adverse effects on humans. Children especially are at greater risk from pesticide exposure than most...
A Bayesian approach allows for dose-response assessment even when human and animal dose-response data are inadequate in themselves. The project will consist of the development of a mathematical beta-Poisson dose-response model that will formally inco...
The Hazardous Waste Identification Rule (HWIR) concerns the setting of allowable concentrations of hazardous substances upon exit (exit levels) from hazardous waste sites in the U.S. Exit levels are to be determined for facility types on a national b...
This project was conducted by the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) under an interagency agreement with EPA NCEA. The chemical risk part of this project involved development of biostatistical methods to improve the application of Rela...
Historically, monitoring programs in association with field releases of genetically modified organisms have been, explicitly or implicitly, called for as a part of risk assessment/management schemes or regulatory agenda. However, it is often not clea...
The Causal Analysis/Diagnosis Decision Information System (CADDIS) is a web-based system that provides technical support for states, tribes and other users of the Office of Water's Stressor Identification Gu...
The Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology (DART) is a bibliographic database that contains references and abstracts to literature published from 1989 to the present on agents that may cause birth defects and other reproductive and developmental d...
The objective of this study is to further our understanding of how wildlife respond to rapid environmental change. Breeding passerine birds are important elements of most terrestrial ecosystems. They consume huge numbers of insects and recent resear...
Recently several scientific workshops and panels have highlighted the need for additional guidance on dosimetry for the developing organism (i.e., human and standard experimental laboratory species for the life stages). The EPA SAB review of the 199...
In 1996 the EPA published the first draft Ecological Risk Assessment Guidelines. These documents not only describe methods for conducting the more conventional single-species, chemical-based risk assessment, they describe techniques for assessing ris...
Several recent ecological risk assessments and criteria development efforts suggest that sensitive individuals of some piscivorous (fish eating) wildlife populations may be experiencing adverse effects from methylmercury exposure. The primary exposu...
Ecological risk assessments are valued tools for evaluating potential risks at hazardous waste sites. Currently there are no peer-reviewed, ecologically-based screening levels for soil. The absence of these, and a process to develop them, is problema...
Hydrological tracer testing is the most reliable diagnostic technique available for establishing flow trajectories and hydrologic connections and for determining basic hydraulic and geometric parameters necessary for establishing operative solute-tra...
In October 2000, the National Center for Environmental Assessment of the Office of Research and Development published a report titled Volatilization Rates from Water to Indoor Air: Phase II. This report provides models for the estimation of emission...
Genetically modified (GM) crops are being grown on large acreages in the United States. Before being approved for sale, sufficient scientific evidence allowed the EPA to determine that they are safe. The results of this research project will strengt...
NCEA is often called upon to share its expertise on Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS). In 1992, EPA/NCEA completed its risk assessment on the respiratory health effects of ETS exposure, which concluded that ETS causes lung cancer in nonsmokers and h...
The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between ambient temperature and violent crime and to assess what that relationship may imply as the global climate warms. The relationship between temperature and violence has been described ...
This project will prepare an issue paper on methods for estimating the bioaccumulation of dioxin and related compounds in aquatic life and associated wildlife, which will provide a general support document for risk assessors. Risk assessors are ofte...
The Agency has not established a formal methodology to assess the risk for microbial contaminants. In 1991, a joint EPA/AWWARF conference evaluating drinking water and health proposed the application of the NAS risk paradigm for microbial contaminant...
Brownfields are abandoned or underutilized properties that are not being redeveloped because of the possibility that the property is contaminated. The problems caused by Brownfields include health problems for humans and wildlife exposed to the cont...
The effects of forest fires on ecological resources in the area experiencing the burn are well documented in the literature. What is not well known is the effect of smoke and haze generated from forest fires on ecological resources adjacent to or at ...
This project will evaluate the current state of quantitative models that simulate physiological processes, and the how these models might be used in conjunction with the current use of PBPK and BBDR models in risk assessment. The work will include a...
The purpose of this study is to measure the levels of dioxin-like compounds in the feeds of terrestrial food animals - cattle, swine, and poultry - and to understand their contribution to the dioxin-like levels found in the animals. It is an ongoing ...
The Exposure Factors Handbook (EPA/600/P-95/002Fa-Fc) was published in August 1997. The Handbook provides summary statistical data on exposure factors necessary to assess human exposures to environmental contaminants. New data and studies have beco...
The Exposure Factors Handbook provides a summary of the available statistical data on various factors used in assessing human exposure including drinking water consumption, soil ingestion rates, inhalation rates, dermal factors including skin area an...
The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), prepared and maintained by the National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), is an electronic database containing information on human health...
The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) is a multi-media, multi-chemical field study of personal and residential exposures. It consists of three separate pilot studies being conducted in Maryland, Arizona, and the Midwest. It feature...
Children's aggregate exposure to pesticides will be characterized using pesticide exposure data from Brownsville, TX. The aggregate exposure methodology developed in this phase of the project will be tested with a larger data set from Arizona using ...
The development of target pest resistance to the products of transgene[s], e.g., plant-incorporated protectants is a serious risk both to the sustainability of these crops and to the wider utility of environmentally soft microbial pesticides. There...
Continuous recording of dye fluorescence using field fluorometers at selected sampling sites facilitate acquisition of real-time dye-tracing data. The Turner Designs Model 10-AU-005 Field Fluorometer allows for frequent fluorescence readings, data l...
Ecological risk assessment is a process for evaluating the likelihood that adverse ecological effects may occur or are occurring as a result of exposure to one or more stressors. A critical early step in conducting an ecological risk assessment is to...
Life on earth is highly dependent upon the products of photosynthesis. Monitoring status and trends in the spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation at regional and global scales is necessary to our quantitative understanding of carbon sequestratio...
The 1993 National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report "Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children" highlights important differences between children and adults with respect to risks posed by pesticides. Some of the principles in the NAS report prov...
Bayesian statistical techniques have proven useful in clinical and environmental epidemiological applications to evaluate and integrate available information, and in regulatory applications such as the National Ambient Air Quality Assessment for Nitr...
The Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) was a nationwide probability sample of approximately 16,000 persons, 6 months-74 years of age. Hispanics were included in past health and nutrition examinations, but neither in sufficient ...
EPA has a cooperative agreement with the University of Maryland to assess the Hydro-Ecologic Consequences of Jointly Varying Climate and Land Use Change in a Mid-Atlantic Watershed. This work provides an opportunity for exploration into the mechanis...
Traditionally, potential health risk assessments from exposure to contaminated food, drinking water, or environmental media have been conducted on individual pesticides or chemicals in each medium of concern. However, humans are generally exposed to...
At the time the 1996 Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter Criteria Document was prepared there were several epidemiologic studies using multiple years of TSP and PM10 data for the exposure estimate but only one epidemiologic study using multip...
Health risk assessment methodologies for assessing multiple exposures to chemical mixtures are currently limited by the non-availability of toxicity data, models, and mechanistic data. The EPA/ ORD has identified children risk as a High Priority Rese...
As the science of toxicology evolves, many laboratories are adding new testing protocols or assays in their programs directed at ascertaining mechanistic information on uptake and toxic action of chemicals. In response to the increasing complexity a...
The purpose of this workshop is to review and evaluate strategies for the development and dissemination of human health scenarios. The proposed workshop seeks (1) to identify current activities aimed at developing health scenarios (or the models unde...
Acrolein (C3HO4, CASRN 107-02-8) is a colorless to yellowish flammable liquid at room temperature with a disagreeable, choking odor. It is extremely acrid and irritating to mucous membranes, and is an upper respiratory irritant. Acrolein and its de...
Boron was last updated on IRIS in the late 1980's . Since that time new studies have provided developmental data in three species. The goal of this updated IRIS file is to re-assess the RfD based on new research and updated methodology, specifically ...
Ethylene dibromide (EDB; C2H4BR2; CASRN 106-93-4), also known as 1,2-dibromoethane, is a colorless, heavy liquid that has a mildly sweet, chloroform-like odor. It is currently used as a solvent for resins, gums, and waxes, as a chemical intermediate...
The over-arching goal of this program is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of new approaches or field studies that investigate or validate well-formed hypotheses or models of climate variability and health interactions. This announcement is ...
No systematic survey of dioxins in soil has been conducted in the US. Soils represent the largest reservoir source of dioxins. As point source emissions are reduced emissions from soils become increasingly important. Understanding the distribution...
Three methods are currently used for ecological assessment of contaminant exposure and effects in surface waters or sediments: (1) chemical criteria for the protection of aquatic life, (2) direct toxicity assessments of specific environmental media, ...
The objective of this project is to provide background information to support the production of an EPA report on the results of three watershed case studies. The Contractor will provide a review and summary (synthesis paper) of the literature on wate...
Contamination caused by release of mercury into the environment is a growing concern. This release occurs due to a variety of anthropogenic activities and natural sources. After release, mercury undergoes complicated chemical transformations. The ino...
The objective of this assessment activity is to enhance the ability of decision-makers and other stakeholders in the Middle to Upper Atlantic Region who are vulnerable to land use change and climate change to access and use the best scientific inform...
Mode of Action Analysis of Developmental Effects from Maternal Exposures to Disinfection By-Products
This project will be conducted through two related projects: 1) Develop a mixtures risk assessment method for characterizing toxic modes of action (MOA) associated with DBPs and 2) Apply this method to 15-20 DBPs that have tested positive in reproduc...
The objective of this project is to model the relationship of climate change to hydrologic processes and vegetation management alternatives in small-scale Sierra Nevada watersheds to better manage the water quality and aquatic ecosystems of these wat...
Nanotechnology is expected to present both benefits and risks to human health and the environment. The assessment of risks related to nanotechnology requires information on the potential for exposure to, and adverse effects of, nanomaterials and thei...
Current Agency default procedures proscribed in the inhalation RfC Methodology (U.S. EPA, 1994)for interspecies adjustment of inhaled gases are nonempirical deterministic projections based on surface area of various regions of the respiratory tract (...
The purpose of this study is to estimate the atmospheric transport, fate and deposition flux of air releases of CDDs and CDFs from known sources within the continental United States using the Regional Lagrangian Model of Air Pollution (RELMAP). RELMA...
The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) was conducted on a nationwide probability sample of approximately 32,000 persons 1-74 years of age. The NHANES I sample was selected so that certain population groups thought to be...
Three field studies were under conducted the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey. These studies measured exposures in three study regions - Arizona, the six EPA Region V States (Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota), and Balt...
NCEA scientists are participating in a study of advanced cancer risk assessment methods, conducted under the auspices of NATO's Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society. The product will be a book of case studies that illustrate advanced cancer ...
A model for predicting where certain species will invade next is being developed and tested in cooperation with researchers at the University of Kansas. Human activities have increased the wholesale movement, either accidental or deliberate, of many ...
The risk of unintended and unexpected adverse impacts on non-target organisms and ecosystems is a key issue in environmental risk assessment of PIP crop plants. While there has been considerable examination of the effects of insect resistant crops o...
Risk assessments are based on questions that the assessor asks about scientific information that is relevant to human and/or environmental risk. The answers to these questions provide the information necessary to complete the three components of the ...
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) is currently developing methodologies and information sources to use as guidelines for acute exposure to various ...
The National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) of the Office of Research and Development has been conducting a number of activities to improve children's exposure and risk assessments. In July 2000, NCEA conducted a workshop entitled, "Issue...
Case studies were funded in 1999 through competitive grants to integrate economic research and ERA results in three watersheds in which ERA studies were already underway. The study areas are the Clinch Valley of Virginia and Tennessee; the Middle Pl...
The objective of this project is to complete the problem formulation phase of an assessment of the consequences of global change for aquatic ecosystems in the United States. The problem formulation report explains the method for assessing global chan...
This project will develop and evaluate techniques to quantify aquatic community response along gradients of increasing stress so that the degree of relative severity of effects can be assessed and the stream reaches that may benefit most from restora...
Quantitative dose-response and exposure data for Coxsackievirus and Norovirus (formerly Calicivirus) is limited. Appropriate surrogate data may be limited too. There are few or no animal or human dose-response and disease endpoint (severity, sheddin...
As a result of a literature review use in preparation of the Exposure chapter for the 1996 Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter, NCEA staff begin a project to analyze the relationships between personal exposures (to ambient, nonambient and tot...
Recently the National Center for Environmental Assessment-Cincinnati completed a feasibility study for developing a toxicity related relative potency ranking scheme for chlorophenols. In this study it was concluded that a large data base exists perta...
The passage of the Safe Drinking Water and Food Quality Protection Acts requires EPA to develop a program for screening and testing of chemicals for their potential to produce adverse effects on the endocrine systems of humans or wildlife. When test...
An initial activity in this project was the hosting of a meeting of EPA staff, independent research scientists (e.g., Research Triangle Institute), and industry representatives (e.g., Arkema) who are knowledgeable and/or are conducting research on on...
The capacity to perform route-to-route extrapolation of toxicity data is becoming increasingly crucial to the Agency, with a number of strategies suggested and demonstrated. One strategy involves using a combination of existing data and modeling app...
The second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES II, is a nationwide probability sample of 27,801 persons from 6 months 74 years of age. From this sample, 25,286 people were interviewed and 20,322 people were examined, resulting in...
In 1999, the USEPA established cooperative agreements with two University research groups to investigate the contribution of person-to-person (secondary) transmission of infectious diseases that are typically considered to be waterborne in that expo...
The objective of this project is to assess the effectiveness of riparian buffer strips in controlling sediment loads under alternative climate scenarios. The efficiency of sediment capture in riparian buffer strips depends on buffer design, land use ...
EPA's proposed IRIS cancer assessment (as well as OSHA, NIOSH and the European Union assessments) classify cadmium as a probable human carcinogen by inhalation exposure, based principally on data from the Globe Manufacturing facility located in the W...
The ingestion of soil is a potential source of human exposure to environmental contaminants. Several studies have been conducted to estimate the amount of soil ingested by children. The methodology used in these studies has consisted of a mass bala...
At high laboratory-concentrations, a number of disinfection by-products (DBPs) have been shown to be either carcinogenic or to cause target-organ toxicity. However, based on animal study results, exposure to any single DBP at its typically low conce...
The first Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List (CCL), created in response to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments of 1996, consists of a list of chemicals or groups of chemicals that are known drinking water contaminants. The SDWA amen...
Topics/requests currently being addressed include:
- Does dredging result in increased environmental risks to aquatic receptors?
- What are the mechanisms that may transport hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) to groundwater and d...
The SFTSC provides technical assistance to EPA's regions on site-specific health risk assessments, develops externally peer reviewed provisional toxicity values and updates these values on a three-year turn around cycle. The SFTSC, when requested, co...
This document is a supplement to the EPA Guidelines for the Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures of 1986. The 1986 Guidelines represent the Agency's science policy and are a procedural guide for evaluating data on the health risks f...
Human breast milk is generally recommended as the preferred nutritional source for infants. Lipids, which make up 3-5% of human milk, are the major source of kilocalories and are crucial for the growth and development of the infant. Infants may be ...
A number of short term bioassays have been developed to assess potential carcinogenicity of contaminants. This research seeks to evaluate alternative testing data and assay systems for their use in human risk assessments. This task will examine the...
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) within the Office of Research and Development (ORD) has the responsibility to conduct ecological risk assessments to assess the potential impacts o...
Compared to adults, children are at increased risk from environmental influences because of vulnerable developing systems and enhanced exposure to many agents. Observed effects from low level toxic agents or from other influences raise similar conce...
The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-94, was conducted on a nationwide probability sample of approximately 33,994 persons 2 months and over. The survey was designed to obtain nationally representative informat...
The two tasks included in this effort focus on the same basic issue, the assessment and measurement of interactions in chemical mixtures. Both tasks essentially involve a comparison of available data on the behavior of a mixture (either in terms of e...
In October 2002, the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force passed two resolutions highlighting the impacts of climate change and coral bleaching on coral reefs and calling for an interagency, public/private partnership to advance understanding and management of...
Use of Qstr Model to Predict Potential Mutagenicity and Developmental Toxicity for Single Components
A majority of DBPs lack adequate toxicological evaluation. Regulators entrusted with risk assessment of DBPs are, thus, faced with paucity of relevant toxicity data and the need to assess toxicity using alternative techniques. QSTR modeling is one su...
The goal of this project is to address the question, “Can existing toxicogenomics (TG) data improve Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) chemical health or risk assessments?” Although genomics data promises to impact multiple areas of science, medic...
The first manuscript describes the application of watershed ERA principles to the development of a strategic watershed management plan for Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, where the primary focus was on the protection of drinking water quality, a ...
Data on the health effects of inhaled chlorine gas are available for rats, mice, monkeys, and humans. This makes it an ideal candidate to evaluate the value of quantitative interspecies extrapolation modeling to derive human health risk estimates. T...
Water Use Activities and the Potential Impact on Disinfection Byproduct Mixtures Exposure Assessment
This effort will build on several completed or existing projects where DBPs have been the primary exposure of interest. Previous epidemiologic results on reproductive or developmental risks that may be associated with consumption of disinfected drin...
Watersheds are frequently used to study and manage environmental resources because hydrologic boundaries define the flow of contaminants and other stressors. Ecological assessments of watersheds are complex because watersheds typically overlap multi...
