Disaster Supply Kits
Water | Food | First Aid Supplies
| Tools and emergency supplies | Clothes and bedding | Specialty items
You may need to survive on your own for three days or more. This means having
your own water, food and emergency supplies. Try using backpacks or duffel
bags to keep the supplies together. Assembling the supplies you might need
following a disaster is an important part of your disaster plan. You should
prepare emergency supplies for the following situations:
- A disaster supply kit with essential food, water, and supplies
for at least three days this kit should be kept in a designated place
and be ready to "grab and go" in case you have to leave your home
quickly because of a disaster, such as a flash flood or major chemical
emergency. Make sure all household members know where the kit is kept.
- Consider having additional supplies for sheltering or home confinement
for up to two weeks.
- You should also have a disaster supply kit at work. This should
be in one container, ready to "grab and go" in case you have to evacuate
the building.
- A car kit of emergency supplies, including food and water, to keep
stored in your car at all times. This kit would also include flares,
jumper cables, and seasonal supplies.
The following checklists will help you assemble disaster supply kits that
meet the needs of your household. The basic items that should be in a disaster
supply kit are water, food, first aid supplies, tools and emergency supplies,
clothing and bedding, and specialty items. You will need to change the stored
water and food supplies every six months, so be sure to write the date you
store it on all containers. You should also re-think your needs every year
and update your kit as your household changes. Keep items in airtight plastic
bags and put your entire disaster supply kit in one or two easy-to-carry
containers such as an unused trash can, camping backpack or duffel bag.
Water: the absolute necessity
- Stocking water reserves should be a top priority. Drinking water in emergency
situations should not be rationed. Therefore, it is critical to store adequate
amounts of water for your household.
- Individual needs vary, depending on age, physical condition, activity,
diet, and climate. A normally active person needs at least two quarts
of water daily just for drinking. Children, nursing mothers, and ill
people need more. Very hot temperatures can double the amount of water
needed.
- Because you will also need water for sanitary purposes and, possibly,
for cooking, you should store at least one gallon of water per person
per day.
- Store water in thoroughly washed plastic, fiberglass or enamel-lined
metal containers. Don't use containers that can break, such as glass bottles.
Never use a container that has held toxic substances. Sound plastic containers,
such as soft drink bottles, are best. You can also purchase food-grade plastic
buckets or drums.
- Containers for water should be rinsed with a diluted bleach solution
(one part bleach to ten parts water) before use. Previously used bottles
or other containers may be contaminated with microbes or chemicals.
Do not rely on untested devices for decontaminating water.
- If your water is treated commercially by a water utility, you do
not need to treat water before storing it. Additional treatments of
treated public water will not increase storage life.
- If you have a well or public water that has not been treated, follow
the treatment instructions provided by your public health service or
water provider.
- If you suspect that your well may be contaminated, contact your local
or state health department or agriculture extension agent for specific
advice.
- Seal your water containers tightly, label them and store them in
a cool, dark place.
- It is important to change stored water every six months.
For water purification for immediate or near term use, please read the "Shelter"
chapter of this guide.
Food: preparing an emergency
supply
- If activity is reduced, healthy people can survive on half their usual
food intake for an extended period or without any food for many days. Food,
unlike water, may be rationed safely, except for children and pregnant women.
- You don't need to go out and buy unfamiliar foods to prepare an emergency
food supply. You can use the canned foods, dry mixes and other staples on
your cupboard shelves. Canned foods do not require cooking, water or special
preparation. Be sure to include a manual can opener.
- Keep canned foods in a dry place where the temperature is fairly cool.
To protect boxed foods from pests and to extend their shelf life, store
the food in tightly closed plastic or metal containers.
- Replace items in your food supply every six months. Throw out any canned
good that becomes swollen, dented, or corroded. Use foods before they go
bad, and replace them with fresh supplies. Date each food item with a marker.
Place new items at the back of the storage area and older ones in front.
- Food items that you might consider including in your disaster supply
kit include: ready-to-eat meats, fruits, and vegetables; canned or boxed
juices, milk, and soup; high-energy foods like peanut butter, jelly, low-sodium
crackers, granola bars, and trail mix; vitamins; foods for infants or persons
on special diets; cookies, hard candy; instant coffee, cereals, and powdered
milk.
You may need to survive on your own after a disaster. Local officials and
relief workers will be on the scene after a disaster, but they cannot reach
everyone immediately. You could get help in hours, or it may take days.
Basic services, such as electricity, gas, water, sewage treatment and telephones,
may be cut off for days, even a week or longer. Or you may have to evacuate
at a moment's notice and take essentials with you. You probably won't have
the opportunity to shop or search for the supplies you'll need. Your household
will cope best by preparing for disaster before it strikes.
First aid supplies
Assemble a first aid kit for your home and for each vehicle:
- The basics for your first aid kit should include:
- First aid manual
- Sterile adhesive bandages in assorted sizes
- Assorted sizes of safety pins
- Cleansing agents (isopropyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide)/soap/germicide
- Antibiotic ointment
- Latex gloves (2 pairs)
- Petroleum jelly
- 2-inch and 4-inch sterile gauze pads (4-6 each size)
- Triangular bandages (3)
- 2-inch and 3-inch sterile roller bandages (3 rolls each)
- Cotton balls
- Scissors
- Tweezers
- Needle
- Moistened towelettes
- Antiseptic
- Thermometer
- Tongue depressor blades (2)
- Tube of petroleum jelly or other lubricant
- Sunscreen
- It may be difficult to obtain prescription medications during a disaster
because stores may be closed or supplies may be limited. Ask your physician
or pharmacist about storing prescription medications. Be sure they are
stored to meet instructions on the label and be mindful of expirations
dates be sure to keep your stored medication up to date.
- Extra pair of prescription glasses or contact lenses.
- Have the following nonprescription drugs in your disaster supply
kit:
- Aspirin and nonaspirin pain reliever
- Antidiarrhea medication
- Antacid (for stomach upset)
- Syrup of ipecac (use to induce vomiting if advised by the poison
control center)
- Laxative
- Vitamins
Tools and emergency supplies
It will be important to assemble these items in a disaster supply kit in
case you have to leave your home quickly. Even if you don't have to leave
your home, if you lose power it will be easier to have these items already
assembled and in one place.
- Tools and other items:
- A portable, battery-powered radio or television and extra batteries
(also have a NOAA weather radio, if appropriate for your area)
- Flashlight and extra batteries
- Signal flare
- Matches in a waterproof container (or waterproof matches)
- Shut-off wrench, pliers, shovel and other tools
- Duct tape and scissors
- Plastic sheeting
- Whistle
- Small canister, A-B-C-type fire extinguisher
- Tube tent
- Compass
- Work gloves
- Paper, pens, and pencils
- Needles and thread
- Battery-operated travel alarm clock
- Kitchen items:
- Manual can opener
- Mess kits or paper cups, plates, and plastic utensils
- All-purpose knife
- Household liquid bleach to treat drinking water
- Sugar, salt, pepper
- Aluminum foil and plastic wrap
- Re-sealing plastic bags
- If food must be cooked, small cooking stove and a can of cooking fuel
- Sanitation and hygiene items:
- Washcloth and towel
- Towelettes, soap, hand sanitizer, liquid detergent
- Toothpaste, toothbrushes, shampoo, deodorants, comb and brush, razor,
shaving cream, lip balm, sunscreen, insect repellent, contact lens solutions,
mirror, feminine supplies
- Heavy-duty plastic garbage bags and ties for personal sanitation uses
and toilet paper
- Medium-sized plastic bucket with tight lid
- Disinfectant and household chlorine bleach
- Consider including a small shovel for digging a latrine
- Household documents and contact numbers:
- Personal identification, cash (including change) or traveler's checks,
and a credit card
- Copies of important documents: birth certificate, marriage certificate,
driver's license, social security cards, passport, wills, deeds, inventory
of household goods, insurance papers, immunizations records, bank and
credit card account numbers, stocks and bonds. Be sure to store these
in a watertight container.
- Emergency contact list and phone numbers
- Map of the area and phone numbers of places you could go
- An extra set of car keys and house keys
Clothes and bedding
- One complete change of clothing and footwear for each household member.
Shoes should be sturdy work shoes or boots. Rain gear, hat and gloves,
extra socks, extra underwear, thermal underwear, sunglasses.
- Blankets or a sleeping bag for each household member, pillows
Specialty items
Remember to consider the needs of infants, elderly persons, disabled persons,
and pets and to include entertainment and comfort items for children.
- For baby
- For the elderly
- For pets
- Entertainment: books, games, quiet toys and stuffed animals
It is important for you to be ready, wherever you may be when disaster strikes.
With the checklists above you can now put together an appropriate disaster
supply kits for your household:
- A disaster supply kit kept in the home with supplies for at least
three days.
- Although it is unlikely that food supplies would be cut off for as
long as two weeks, consider storing additional water, food, clothing
and bedding other supplies to expand your supply kit to last up to two
weeks.
- A work place disaster supply kit. It is important to store a personal
supply of water and food at work; you will not be able to rely on water
fountains or coolers. Women who wear high-heels should be sure to have
comfortable flat shoes at their workplace in case an evacuation requires
walking long distances.
- A car disaster supply kit. Keep a smaller disaster supply kit in
the trunk of you car. If you become stranded or are not able to return
home, having these items will help you be more comfortable until help
arrives. Add items for severe winter weather during months when heavy
snow or icy roads are possible salt, sand, shovels, and extra winter
clothing, including hats and gloves.
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